“Using the globe as a model of the Earth in the 21st century” A quick look at today's practical problems Allows you to assess their planetary scale. Terms such as global warming and global geopolitical interests, global conflicts and world globalization no longer cause surprise among people today. In such a situation, an ever-increasing interest in methods for mapping the planet as a whole seems completely natural. Since time immemorial, world cartography has had such a tool - a model of the Earth, a globe. For more than 2000 years, the globe served as an assistant in navigation, displaying new geographical discoveries, natural patterns, political and military territorial changes. But over time, the appearance of all kinds of atlases and detailed multi-page maps, space images of the surface almost completely replaced globes, making them a rarity and almost a museum attraction. The purpose of globes remained in demand only in classrooms of geography, cartography and astronomy.

“Using a globe as a model of the Earth in the 21st century” Another area of ​​application for globes remained manned space exploration, where space savings dictated the need to use a universal globe map of the planet. The situation has changed radically with the advent of computer technology and the capabilities of modern programs that make it possible to display virtual electronic Globes for a wide variety of purposes. From classrooms, globes have migrated to computer monitors, where they can be rotated in all directions, changed in scale and thematic surfaces with one click of the mouse. There is no need to carry a bulky wooden or plastic ball; everything fits in the laptop’s memory or can be accessed via Internet channels. The globe has become an illustrative example of how one of the oldest human inventions received a second life at the next round of technological progress.

“The history of the creation of the globe” The history of the creation of the globe goes back about 2400 years. The first globes were models of the starry sky, which were created and used by ancient sailors to navigate by the stars. Observations of the Sun and Moon prompted people to make the first earthly globes. There is evidence of the first celestial globe made by Eudoxus of Cnidus (BC). In ancient Roman sources there are references to the mechanical celestial globe of the Greek mathematician Archimedes (c. BC). Celestial globes were a reflection of the ancient people’s own observations; as for terrestrial globes, the situation here is much more complicated. Its appearance was due to the gradual understanding of humanity that the Earth has a spherical shape and occurred in stages, relying on the accumulated information about the planet over many tens and hundreds of generations. And only with the advent of stable mathematical ideas about the basis of maps, meridians, and parallels, relatively reliable modeling of the Earth became possible. In the II century. BC. the Greek astronomer Eratosthenes was able to quite accurately calculate the circumference of the earth's meridian, and the philosopher Crates from the island of Malos made the first known model of the planet called a globe. This was followed by the troubled period of the early Middle Ages, during which the cartographic heritage of ancient Greece and Rome was thoroughly forgotten and partially lost. Only in the 15th century did a new need for these scientific works arise. The works of ancient scientists again entered medieval scientific circulation. Particular attention was paid to Ptolemy’s “Geography” and his geographical atlas, which predetermined the development of geography for a significant period.

In 1492, the first European globe was designed - the Erdapfel or Earth Apple. Its creator was the Nuremberg astronomer M. Beheim (). M. Behaim's creation turned out to be a real work of art, which showed the equator with 360 sectors, two tropical circles and the Arctic and Antarctic polar circles. The globe had a diameter of 51 cm and the artist G. Holshumer was involved in its creation, placing more than a hundred colored miniatures on the surface and making artistic inscriptions. This tradition was successfully continued by the artist’s followers and later globes were created with constant luxury. To this day, one of these globes is kept in the Dresden Zwinger Palace - a gilded globe-clock of the celestial sphere and the Earth by G. Rolle and I. Reingold (1586)

Well, and, of course, the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, begun by H. Columbus, changed the above-mentioned models of the planet beyond recognition. Information about the earth's surface was constantly updated until a modern picture was formed, which is well known to most educated people. With some of the followers of the globe building traditions. This is a new word in the long narrative history of the creation of earth models.

Relevance: Currently, the study of
objects in the form of models. A corner created in a group
“I am a researcher” and the large accumulated material makes it possible
children explore the world by studying the past and present. Using different
forms of training, modules, types of games, research methods, children
demonstrate their knowledge, express an emotional response and show
Creative skills.
Goal: Enrich children's knowledge about the globe as an information model
to explore the earth.
Research objectives:
1. Develop search skills:
Plan a step-by-step action in accordance with the tasks.
2. Study information sources, literature.
3. Learn to explore using new knowledge.
4. Prove that the globe is interesting both in the past and present, and also has
Useful application and learning features.
Research methods: Observation, study,
reviewing, collecting information and conducting experiments.

Problem: What is a globe?

What is a globe?

History of the globe in Russia

The word equator is translated from Latin as equidividing - dividing into equal parts.. The equator really divides

Types of globes:

Celestial globe Relief globe

Shape and size of the Earth Geodetic measurements have shown that the shape of the Earth is complex and is not a typical sphere. This can be proven by comparing the major and minor semi-axes of the Earth. The semi-major axis, the distance from the center of the planet to the equator, is m. The semi-minor axis, the distance from the center of the planet to the pole, is m. Thus, the semi-major axis is approximately 22 km larger than the minor axis. Consequently, our planet does not have the correct proportions, and its shape is not similar to any of the known geometric figures. Therefore, it was given the special name geoid. This means a special shape, unique to the Earth. The total surface area of ​​the Earth is 510 million square meters. km.

Globe - model of the Earth Globe (from Latin globus, “ball”) is a three-dimensional reduced model of the Earth or another planet. The globe has the same shape as the planet itself, it is three-dimensional, its axis of rotation, like the planet’s, is tilted. Unlike maps, there are no distortions or breaks on the globe, so the globe is convenient for getting a general idea of ​​the location of continents, islands, seas, oceans, etc. Using a special scale and appropriate coloring, you can learn to determine the relief of the earth's surface, the absolute depths of the oceans, and find the highest and deepest places on our planet.

The oldest globe that has survived to this day is the “Earth Apple” “Earth Apple” is the traditional name of the globe created by Martin Beheim in Nuremberg. The dedication inscription at the south pole says that the globe was made in 1492 by order of the city council. But in fact, according to existing documents, it was physically manufactured in the years and the city council only paid for its creation in 1494. Behaim's Globe is a metal ball 507 mm in diameter, reflecting European knowledge of the world at the end of the 15th century, including the discoveries of the Portuguese in West Africa. There is no New World on the globe, but Europe, most of Asia and Africa are present. Eurasia is presented too elongated. The location of Africa is imprecise. The map does not show latitude and longitude according to the modern method, but does have the equator, meridians, tropics and images of the zodiac signs. Brief descriptions of various countries and images of their inhabitants are also presented. The Earth's Apple map does not take into account the results of Columbus's voyage, since he returned to Europe no earlier than March 1493, and the existence of America as a separate continent was proven by Amerigo Vespucci about 20 years later. “Earth Apple” is a unique achievement of cartography of the late Middle Ages, both in terms of the accuracy of the maps and the clarity of the image. The globe quickly became one of the city's landmarks and until the 16th century was exhibited in the reception hall of the Nuremberg Town Hall. It then came into the possession of the Beheim family, and since 1907 has been exhibited at the German National Museum in Nuremberg.

Unique globes that have survived to this day The Jagiellonian Globe - was made in France around 1510 and was purchased at the end of the 18th century for the Krakow Observatory of the Jagiellonian University. The globe is made of copper, with a mechanical winding, like a watch, it imitates the movement of the Earth. Its uniqueness is that it depicts the American continent with the inscription in Latin “America, land newly discovered.” According to some sources, this globe is the oldest on which the outlines of America are depicted. Globe of Hunt-Lenox. The author of the globe is unknown. The globe dates from 1510. It has 112 mm in diameter and is made of copper. It was acquired in Paris in 1855 by the architect Richard Hunt, who gave it to the American philanthropist James Lenox, whose collection became part of the New York Public Library, where the globe is now kept. Just like on the Beheim globe, on the Hunt-Lenox globe only one ocean is indicated between Europe and Asia. In addition, the globe is interesting because the image of East Asia is marked with the Latin phrase: “HC SVNT DRACONES” (His sunt dracones - dragons live here).

Scientists' discovery Scientists have found the world's oldest globe, which depicts the New World. The globe is carved on the shell of an ostrich egg and may have been created in the early 1980s. The object, roughly the size of a grapefruit, is made from the two lower halves of an ostrich egg, making it almost spherical. The ball depicts various types of ships, waves, sailors fleeing a shipwreck, monsters and monsters unknown to us. The geographical names on it are written in Latin, and two small islands are located on the site of North America. The origin of the globe is still unknown.

Globe Planetarium The Great Gottorp Globe is the world's first globe planetarium. One of the world's first planetariums, it is unique in size (diameter 3.1 meters, weight almost three and a half tons) and design, allowing the outer globe with a map of the earth's surface and the inner planetarium with a map of the starry sky to rotate simultaneously. The globe was created in 1654–1664 under the leadership of A. Olearius in the city of Gottorp, the residence of the Duke of Holstein, and was presented to Peter I during the Northern War. In 1717, the globe was placed in the tower of the Kunstkamera building under construction. During the fire of 1747 it was badly damaged, its surface was destroyed. Thanks to the work of Russian masters of the 18th century, modern restorers, researchers and curators, museum visitors today can share the pride and admiration that this unique monument evoked among people of past centuries.

Eartha is the largest rotating model of the globe in the world, which is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. The DeLorme company presented its unusual work to the world in 1999. The company has developed the world's largest globe, with voluminous relief and a high degree of detail. An amazing model of our planet was called “Eartha”. The diameter of the globe is about 12.6 meters, its weight is 25 tons. What is most striking is the scale of the globe: 1:10250 meters. To make the globe look even more impressive, it was placed in a glass building, which is illuminated from the inside at night.

Interactive globe MULTITOUCH GLOBE Interactive spherical display based on DISPLAX capacitive multi-touch technologies. This is a new and unique device. The Displax Multitouch Globe measures 1 meter (40 inches) in diameter. People can manipulate content by touching its surface. This evolution in the touchscreen industry was demonstrated for the first time at Integrated Systems Europe 2012, held in Amsterdam from January 31 to February 2, 2012.

10 of the most eccentric globes in the world and design solutions related to globes Magic globe - this ball with a diameter of 11.5 centimeters is distinguished by the fact that in order to rotate it, it is not necessary to spin it manually: it can do it itself. The globe consists of an outer glass shell and an internal fairly detailed model of the Earth with a motor. A globe that can fly. The action of this toy, which makes not only children but also adults open their mouths in surprise, is based on electromagnetic forces that keep the “planet” in the air, and a microchip that controls these forces.

10 of the world's most eccentric globes and globe-related designs Lamp-planet. Designer Michael Rosing made a lamp in the shape of a world globe so that the continents and oceans are brightly illuminated from within the glass globe. This huge world globe, called Terra, is the real-life embodiment of the globe chosen by Nvidia to present its Hybrid SLI technology.

10 of the World's Most Eccentric Globes and Globe-Related Designs Globe Travel. A Supple vehicle that provides the opportunity to ride on a globe - or rather, a roller skate very similar to it. Steampunk globe. Mounted by John Knight, this globe looks like it came from the Victorian era. Meanwhile, the ball is not so simple: it is equipped with RFID tags that provide communication with Google Earth - if you need to look at the selected areas on the globe in more detail.

10 of the world's most eccentric globes and globe-related designs Geografia paper globe from Drill Design: no matter how you lay it, its equator is always tilted to the floor at 23.4°. The continents on it are higher than the oceans: raised printing technology is used. The whole world is behind you. With it, even a novice tourist will be able to proudly say: “All the roads of the planet were behind me!”

10 Most Eccentric World Globes and Designs Related to Globes Fish World Globe. Underwater creatures must have their own model of the earth - perhaps somewhat similar to this globe-shaped aquarium. GLOBE-CAUNCER. Is your throat dry from the realization of the greatness of the planet? Drink juice or water - you can pour anything into the globe-shaped crystal decanter, and the degree divisions on the prime meridian also make it possible to measure the amount of drink.

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Presentation on the topic: The story of the globes

Slide no. 1

Slide description:

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Slide description:

“Using the globe as a model of the Earth in the 21st century” A quick look at today's practical problems Allows you to assess their planetary scale. Terms such as global warming and global geopolitical interests, global conflicts and world globalization no longer cause surprise among people today. In such a situation, an ever-increasing interest in methods for mapping the planet as a whole seems completely natural. Since time immemorial, world cartography has had such a tool - a model of the Earth, a globe. For more than 2000 years, the globe served as an assistant in navigation, displaying new geographical discoveries, natural patterns, political and military territorial changes. But over time, the appearance of all kinds of atlases and detailed multi-page maps, space images of the surface almost completely replaced globes, making them a rarity and almost a museum attraction. The purpose of globes remained in demand only in classrooms of geography, cartography and astronomy.

Slide no. 3

Slide description:

“Using a globe as a model of the Earth in the 21st century” Another area of ​​application for globes remained manned space exploration, where space savings dictated the need to use a universal globe map of the planet. The situation has changed radically with the advent of computer technology and the capabilities of modern programs that make it possible to display virtual electronic Globes for a wide variety of purposes. From classrooms, globes have migrated to computer monitors, where they can be rotated in all directions, changed in scale and thematic surfaces with one click of the mouse. There is no need to carry a bulky wooden or plastic ball; everything fits in the laptop’s memory or can be accessed via Internet channels. The globe has become an illustrative example of how one of the oldest human inventions received a second life at the next round of technological progress.

Slide no. 4

Slide description:

“The history of the creation of the globe” The history of the creation of the globe goes back about 2400 years. The first globes were models of the starry sky, which were created and used by ancient sailors to navigate by the stars. Observations of the Sun and Moon prompted people to make the first earthly globes. There is evidence of the first celestial globe made by Eudoxus of Cnidus (408-335 BC). In ancient Roman sources there are references to the mechanical celestial globe of the Greek mathematician Archimedes (c. 287-212 BC). Celestial globes were a reflection of the ancient people’s own observations; as for terrestrial globes, the situation here is much more complicated. Its appearance was due to the gradual understanding of humanity that the Earth has a spherical shape and occurred in stages, relying on the accumulated information about the planet over many tens and hundreds of generations. And only with the advent of stable mathematical ideas about the basis of maps, meridians, and parallels, relatively reliable modeling of the Earth became possible. In the II century. BC. the Greek astronomer Eratosthenes was able to quite accurately calculate the circumference of the earth's meridian, and the philosopher Crates from the island of Malos made the first known model of the planet called a globe. This was followed by the troubled period of the early Middle Ages, during which the cartographic heritage of ancient Greece and Rome was thoroughly forgotten and partially lost. Only in the 15th century did a new need for these scientific works arise. The works of ancient scientists again entered medieval scientific circulation. Particular attention was paid to Ptolemy’s “Geography” and his geographical atlas, which predetermined the development of geography for a significant period.

Slide no. 5

Slide description:

In 1492, the first European globe was designed - the Erdapfel or Earth Apple. Its creator was the Nuremberg astronomer M. Beheim (1459-1506). M. Behaim's creation turned out to be a real work of art, which showed the equator with 360 sectors, two tropical circles and the Arctic and Antarctic polar circles. The globe had a diameter of 51 cm and the artist G. Holshumer was involved in its creation, placing more than a hundred colored miniatures on the surface and making artistic inscriptions. This tradition was successfully continued by the artist’s followers and later globes were created with constant luxury. To this day, one of these globes is kept in the Dresden Zwinger Palace - a gilded globe-clock of the celestial sphere and the Earth by G. Rolle and I. Reingold (1586)

Slide description:

Slide 2

Using the globe

A quick look at today's practical problems Allows you to appreciate their planetary scale. Terms such as global warming and global geopolitical interests, global conflicts and world globalization no longer cause surprise among people today. In such a situation, an ever-increasing interest in methods for mapping the planet as a whole seems completely natural. Since time immemorial, world cartography has had such a tool - a model of the Earth, a globe. For more than 2000 years, the globe served as an assistant in navigation, displaying new geographical discoveries, natural patterns, political and military territorial changes. But over time, the appearance of all kinds of atlases and detailed multi-page maps, space images of the surface almost completely replaced globes, making them a rarity and almost a museum attraction. The purpose of globes remained in demand only in classrooms of geography, cartography and astronomy.

Slide 3

Another area of ​​application for globes remained manned space exploration, where space savings dictated the need to use a universal globe map of the planet. The situation has changed radically with the advent of computer technology and the capabilities of modern programs that allow displaying virtual electronic
Globes for a wide variety of purposes. From classrooms, globes have migrated to computer monitors, where they can be rotated in all directions, changed in scale and thematic surfaces with one click of the mouse. There is no need to carry a bulky wooden or plastic ball; everything fits in the laptop’s memory or can be accessed via Internet channels. globe
became an illustrative example of how one of them
the oldest human inventions received a second
life is at the next round of technological progress.

Slide 4

History of the creation of the globe

The history of the creation of the globe goes back about 2400 years. The first globes were models
starry sky, which were created and used by ancient sailors to navigate
to the stars. Observations of the Sun and Moon prompted people to make the first earthly
globes. There is evidence of the first celestial globe made by Eudoxus of Cnidus
(408-335 BC). In ancient Roman sources there are references to mechanical celestial
globe of the Greek mathematician Archimedes (c. 287-212 BC) Celestial globes appeared
displaying the own observations of ancient people, as for terrestrial globes, then here
the situation is much more complicated. Its appearance was due to the gradual understanding
humanity that the Earth has a spherical shape and happened in stages, based on
accumulated information about the planet over many tens and hundreds of generations. And only with
the emergence of stable mathematical ideas about the basis of maps, meridians,
parallels, relatively reliable modeling of the Earth became possible. In the II century. BC.
Greek astronomer Eratosthenes was able to quite accurately calculate the circumference of the earth
meridian, and the philosopher Crates from the island of Malos made the first known model of the planet under
called globe. This was followed by the troubled period of the early Middle Ages, in which
the cartographic heritage of ancient Greece and Rome was thoroughly forgotten and partially
lost. Only in the 15th century did a new need for these scientific works arise. In the medieval
The works of ancient scientists again entered scientific circulation. Particular attention was paid to
“Geography” of Ptolemy and his geographical atlas, which predetermined the development
geography for a significant period.

Slide 5

In 1492, the first European globe was designed - the “Erdapfel” or “Earth Apple”. Its creator was the Nuremberg astronomer M. Beheim (1459-1506). M. Behaim's creation turned out to be a real work of art, which showed the equator with 360 sectors, two tropical circles and the Arctic and Antarctic polar circles. The globe had a diameter of 51 cm and the artist G. Holshumer was involved in its creation, placing more than a hundred colored miniatures on the surface and making artistic inscriptions. This tradition was successfully continued by the artist’s followers and later globes were created with constant luxury. To this day, one of these globes is kept in the Zwinger Palace in Dresden -
gilded globe-clock of the celestial sphere and the Earth by G. Rolle and I. Reingold (1586)

Slide 6

Well, and, of course, the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, begun by H. Columbus, changed the above-mentioned models of the planet beyond recognition. Information about the earth's surface was constantly updated until a modern picture was formed, which is well known to most educated people. With some of
followers of the globe building traditions. This is a new word in the long narrative history of the creation of earth models.

Slide 7

Thank you for your attention

Prepared by: Alexander Trebukhov Student 6 “B” class MKOU Maninsk secondary school 2012/2013 academic year.

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