Errare humanum est! The Latin aphorism, uttered by the great orator Mark Seneca the Elder, is known throughout the world and means that error is the path to truth. Why does this aphorism remain relevant for centuries? Let's try to answer this question.

Error is a property of regularity

Humans tend to make mistakes. We've all heard this once. The world-famous Latin aphorism - Errare humanum est - has an analogue in Russian: “He who does nothing makes no mistakes.” There may be an error in personal experience, in scientific discoveries, or on a community-wide scale. The question is the degree of responsibility for it.

Indeed, in order for progressive development to occur, error is simply necessary. What is its nature? This is an area of ​​ignorance, an area of ​​experimentation with the boundaries of knowledge. If a person knows the solution to problems, it will not be difficult for him to choose the best path for the development of events. The scale is not important, this applies to both the individual and the entire society as a whole.

Nature of the error

In his development, a person constantly overcomes his own boundaries. That is why knowledge is so difficult for a person. It doesn't matter if it is practical (how to do something) or a process of spiritual growth. In the process of choice, a person commits an action. He always chooses. But it's not always correct. And the price of a mistake varies. Hence another saying: “A person punishes himself in a way that no one else can do.”

The nature of the error is hidden in the mechanism of cognition: Errare humanum est! A mistake is not knowing the best option. But it is thanks to her that new perspectives and opportunities open up. The experience of knowledge is always associated with the risk of making an erroneous choice, but there is no other option. An experiment is a test of the truth of a solution; any hypotheses are confirmed experimentally.

History knows many facts when repeated failure in experiments led to a discovery of world significance.

Historical mistakes

History knows of cases when an error caused discoveries on a global scale. For example, an error in the trajectory of Columbus's sea voyage gave him a chance to discover America.

The erroneous principle of socialist equality, embedded in the foundation of the Soviet state, showed an example of the strength of the ideological foundation of society.

Error does not always lead to truth. More often it reveals imperfections in cognition, the limitations of our capabilities and is an incentive to search for a better option. In this sense, we can also talk about the creative power of error.

Errare humanum est! The translation of this Latin expression is literally: “Error is human nature.” Indeed, the entire path of development of Homo sapiens is a movement towards one’s nature, towards self-knowledge, a process of self-improvement. And the initial principle of the imperfection of its nature is the a priori recognition of an error in choosing a variant of the development of events.

Analogues of the expression

In Russian verbal creativity there are many statements that are similar in meaning and succinct in content:

• “He who does nothing makes no mistakes.”
• "You learn from mistakes."
• "A mistake is the right decision under other conditions."

• “Freedom is nothing if the right to make mistakes is excluded” (M. Gandhi).
• “The majority is always wrong, the truth is in the minority” (Ibsen).
• “A smart person not only makes mistakes himself, but gives others a chance” (Churchill).

All statements have the same meaning: admitting a mistake is a condition of human freedom, everyone has the right to do exactly that.

As Chesterfield said: “Fear of the possibility of error should not deter us from the search for truth.”

Current

Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous

There is an opinion that any of your mistake is the path to success that it is impossible to build a business without making a single mistake, that only through overcoming your own mistakes.

Way to success literally laid out from our mistakes and miscalculations. By making mistakes, we can find the strength to move on. True, not every person is capable of this. But those who managed to come a long way, making mistakes and drawing conclusions from them, were able to achieve real success. Anyone who, when making mistakes, tends to blame others for everything, is unlikely to achieve great success in life and business.

You just need to clearly distinguish between the ability to take responsibility for mistakes and always blaming yourself for making them. These are different things that lead to different, diametrically opposed results. There is no point in blaming yourself for failures.

Mistake is the path to success

Anyone will tell you that the path to success lies through mistakes. Moreover, successful people live making mistakes much more often than unsuccessful people. The only difference is that successful people, when they make mistakes, always learn from them and do not lose the desire to move on and try again. Disappointments and failures are much more common than successes, the whole question is how we perceive them, what we take from them - destructive or constructive features.

Realizing that any mistake is another step towards success, first of all, you will stop being afraid to allow them. This gives you confidence in your actions. You begin to use them as a guideline by which you can adjust your course of action. By making mistakes, you understand how not to act and begin to act differently, adjusting your behavior to be successful.

If you are afraid of messing up, you are blocking your own success. Because you begin to put less effort into working towards achieving your goals, and then you stop doing them altogether. It’s better to make a mistake, but know that you did something, than to gnaw at your elbows because you missed some opportunities. Without encountering difficulties, without making mistakes, it is impossible to see the result of the work. The path to success lies only through mistakes.

To success through mistakes

It seems that all these are truisms that are already clear to everyone. But why then are there so few successful people? From childhood, parents and teachers punish and scold us for mistakes. Therefore, a person for a long time forms in himself the attitude that making mistakes is bad. Since Soviet times, education has been based on nurturing performers who should make as few mistakes as possible - this is beneficial to the state. No one was interested in personality and its creative potential.

The concept that getting to success through mistakes is not only possible, but also necessary, simply did not exist. But only failures prepare us for success, otherwise we do not know how to seize the necessary chances.

It is important to strengthen the habit of getting up after every fall. Circumstances are only a tool that allows you to become better. To submit to them is to show your weakness. Difficulty is an indication of where and how you need to turn to improve.

Any action is associated with problems. And it is not in our power to prevent them from appearing. It is in our power to learn to manage them. We ourselves add the level of tragedy and complexity to the situation. Therefore, it is important to perceive all difficulties properly, without unnecessary emotions and pathos.

Each successful solution is built on a significantly larger number of unsuccessful decisions and failures that led to the only correct understanding. Only those who have learned to learn from their mistakes can be successful. If you perceive your failures not as a failure, but as a movement forward, and concentrate your attention on positive results, you can achieve important successes.

Success can only be achieved through hard daily work. And the more mistakes you make on it, the more valuable your experience will be. Therefore, do not be afraid and do not be afraid to make mistakes. remember, that every mistake is the path to success and only by doing them can you really achieve something in this life.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Final essay. Thematic area: Experience and mistakes. Prepared by: Shevchuk A.P., teacher of Russian language and literature, MBOU “Secondary School No. 1”, Bratsk

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List of recommended literature: Jack London “Martin Eden”, A.P. Chekhov “Ionych”, M.A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”, Henry Marsh “Do No Harm” M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” A. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”; “Eugene Onegin”. M. Lermontov “Masquerade”; “Hero of Our Time” I. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”; "Spring Waters"; "Noble Nest". F. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment.” L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"; "Anna Karenina"; "Resurrection". A. Chekhov “Gooseberry”; "About love". I. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco”; "Dark alleys". A. Kupin “Olesya”; "Garnet bracelet". M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”; "Fatal Eggs" O. Wilde “The Picture of Dorian Gray”. D.Keys "Flowers for Algernon." V. Kaverin “Two Captains”; "Painting"; “I’m going to the mountain.” A. Aleksin “Mad Evdokia”. B. Ekimov “Speak, mother, speak.” L. Ulitskaya “The Case of Kukotsky”; “Sincerely yours, Shurik.”

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Official comment: Within the framework of the direction, discussions are possible about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the path to understanding the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes you think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.

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Methodological recommendations: “Experience and errors” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is less implied, because without errors there is and cannot be experience. A literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, and takes the path of spiritual and moral development. By assessing the actions of the characters, the reader gains invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one’s own mistakes, the price of which can be very high. Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that a wrong decision or an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also have the most fatal impact on the destinies of others. In literature we also encounter tragic mistakes that affect the destinies of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic area.

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Aphorisms and sayings of famous people:  You should not be timid for fear of making mistakes; the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues  You can make mistakes in different ways, but you can do the right thing only in one way, which is why the first is easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, difficult to hit the target. Aristotle  In all matters we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and being corrected. Karl Raimund Popper  He is deeply mistaken who thinks that he will not make a mistake if others think for him. Aurelius Markov  We easily forget our mistakes when they are known only to us. François de La Rochefoucauld  Learn from every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein  Shyness may be appropriate everywhere, but not in admitting one’s mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing  It is easier to find an error than the truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe

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As support in your reasoning, you can refer to the following works. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and confessing to what he had done, does not fully realize the tragedy of the crime he committed, does not recognize the fallacy of his theory, he only regrets that he could not commit the crime, that he will not now be able to classify himself among the chosen ones. And only in hard labor does the soul-weary hero not only repent (he repented by confessing to the murder), but embark on the difficult path of repentance. The writer emphasizes that a person who admits his mistakes is able to change, he is worthy of forgiveness and needs help and compassion. (In the novel, next to the hero is Sonya Marmeladova, who is an example of a compassionate person).

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M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The heroes of so many different works make a similar fatal mistake, which I will regret all my life, but, unfortunately, they will not be able to correct anything. Andrei Sokolov, leaving for the front, pushes away his wife hugging him, the hero is irritated by her tears, he gets angry, believing that she is “burying him alive,” but it turns out the other way around: he returns, and the family dies. This loss is a terrible grief for him, and now he blames himself for every little thing and says with inexpressible pain: “Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I will not forgive myself for pushing her away then!”

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Story by K.G. Paustovsky is a story about lonely old age. Grandmother Katerina, abandoned by her own daughter, writes: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come at least for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands.” But Nastya calms herself with the words: “Since her mother writes, it means she’s alive.” Thinking about strangers, organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, the daughter forgets about her only relative. And only after hearing warm words of gratitude “for caring for a person,” the heroine remembers that she has a telegram in her purse: “Katya is dying. Tikhon." Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this happen? After all, I have no one in my life. It is not and will not be dearer. If only I could make it in time, if only she could see me, if only she would forgive me.” The daughter arrives, but there is no one to ask for forgiveness. The bitter experience of the main characters teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones “before it’s too late.”

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M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". The hero of the novel, M.Yu., also makes a series of mistakes in his life. Lermontov. Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin belongs to the young people of his era who were disillusioned with life. Pechorin himself says about himself: “Two people live in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him.” Lermontov's character is an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find use for his mind, his knowledge. Pechorin is a cruel and indifferent egoist, because he causes misfortune to everyone with whom he communicates, and he does not care about the condition of other people. V.G. Belinsky called him a “suffering egoist” because Grigory Aleksandrovich blames himself for his actions, he is aware of his actions, worries and does not bring him satisfaction.

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Grigory Alexandrovich is a very smart and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but at the same time wants to teach others to admit theirs, as, for example, he kept trying to push Grushnitsky to admit his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute peacefully. But then the other side of Pechorin also appears: after some attempts to defuse the situation in the duel and call Grushnitsky to conscience, he himself proposes to shoot in a dangerous place so that one of them will die. At the same time, the hero tries to turn everything into a joke, despite the fact that there is a threat to both the life of young Grushnitsky and his own life.

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After the murder of Grushnitsky, we see how Pechorin’s mood changed: if on the way to the duel he notices how beautiful the day is, then after the tragic event he sees the day in black colors, there is stone on his soul. The story of Pechorin's disappointed and dying soul is set out in the hero's diary entries with all the mercilessness of introspection; being both the author and the hero of the “magazine,” Pechorin fearlessly speaks about his ideal impulses, and about the dark sides of his soul, and about the contradictions of consciousness. The hero is aware of his mistakes, but does nothing to correct them; his own experience does not teach him anything. Despite the fact that Pechorin has an absolute understanding that he destroys human lives (“destroys the lives of peaceful smugglers,” Bela dies through his fault, etc.), the hero continues to “play” with the destinies of others, which makes himself unhappy .

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L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If Lermontov's hero, realizing his mistakes, could not take the path of spiritual and moral improvement, then Tolstoy's favorite heroes, the acquired experience helps them become better. When considering the topic in this aspect, one can turn to the analysis of the images of A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky stands out sharply from the high society environment with his education, breadth of interests, dreams of accomplishing a feat, and desires great personal glory. His idol is Napoleon. To achieve his goal, Bolkonsky appears in the most dangerous places of the battle. Harsh military events contributed to the fact that the prince was disappointed in his dreams and realized how bitterly he was mistaken. Seriously wounded, remaining on the battlefield, Bolkonsky experiences a mental crisis. At these moments, a new world opens up before him, where there are no selfish thoughts or lies, but only the purest, highest, and fair.

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The prince realized that there is something more significant in life than war and glory. Now the former idol seems small and insignificant to him. Having experienced further events - the birth of a child and the death of his wife - Bolkonsky comes to the conclusion that he can only live for himself and his loved ones. This is only the first stage in the evolution of a hero who not only admits his mistakes, but also strives to become better. Pierre also makes a considerable series of mistakes. He leads a riotous life in the company of Dolokhov and Kuragin, but understands that such a life is not for him. He cannot immediately correctly evaluate people and therefore often makes mistakes in them. He is sincere, trusting, weak-willed.

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These character traits are clearly manifested in his relationship with the depraved Helen Kuragina - Pierre makes another mistake. Soon after marriage, the hero realizes that he was deceived and “processes his grief alone.” After breaking up with his wife, being in a state of deep crisis, he joins the Masonic lodge. Pierre believes that it is here that he will “find rebirth to a new life,” and again realizes that he is again mistaken in something important. The experience gained and the “thunderstorm of 1812” lead the hero to drastic changes in his worldview. He understands that one must live for the sake of people, one must strive to benefit the Motherland.

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M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Speaking about how the experience of military battles changes people and forces them to evaluate their mistakes in life, we can turn to the image of Grigory Melekhov. Fighting either on the side of the whites or on the side of the reds, he understands the monstrous injustice around him, and he himself makes mistakes, gains military experience and draws the most important conclusions in his life: “...my hands need to plow.” Home, family – that’s the value. And any ideology that pushes people to kill is a mistake. A person already wise with life experience understands that the main thing in life is not the war, but the son who greets him at the doorstep. It is worth noting that the hero admits that he was wrong. This is precisely the reason for his repeated darting from white to red.

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M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". If we talk about experience as “a procedure for reproducing a phenomenon experimentally, creating something new under certain conditions for the purpose of research,” then the practical experience of Professor Preobrazhensky to “clarify the question of the survival of the pituitary gland, and subsequently its influence on rejuvenation organism in humans” can hardly be called completely successful. From a scientific point of view, it is very successful. Professor Preobrazhensky performs a unique operation. The scientific result was unexpected and impressive, but in everyday life it led to the most disastrous consequences.

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The guy who appeared in the professor’s house as a result of the operation, “short in stature and unattractive in appearance,” behaves defiantly, arrogantly and insolently. However, it should be noted that the emerging humanoid creature easily finds itself in a changed world, but does not differ in human qualities and soon becomes a thunderstorm not only for the inhabitants of the apartment, but also for the residents of the entire house. Having analyzed his mistake, the professor realizes that the dog was much more “humane” than P.P. Sharikov.

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Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid hybrid Sharikov is more a failure than a victory for Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself understands this: “Old donkey... This, doctor, is what happens when a researcher, instead of going parallel and groping with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with porridge.” Philip Philipovich comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of man and society leads to catastrophic results. In the story “Heart of a Dog,” the professor corrects his mistake - Sharikov again turns into a dog. He is happy with his fate and with himself. But in real life, such experiments have a tragic effect on people’s destinies, warns Bulgakov. Actions must be thoughtful and not destructive. The main idea of ​​the writer is that naked progress, devoid of morality, brings death to people and such a mistake will be irreversible.

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V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera". When discussing mistakes that are irreparable and bring suffering not only to each individual person, but also to the people as a whole, one can turn to the indicated story by a twentieth-century writer. This is not just a work about the loss of one’s home, but also about how wrong decisions lead to disasters that will certainly affect the life of society as a whole. The plot of the story is based on a true story. During the construction of the hydroelectric power station on the Angara, the surrounding villages were flooded. Relocation has become a painful experience for residents of flooded areas. After all, hydroelectric power stations are built for a large number of people.

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This is an important economic project, for the sake of which we need to rebuild, and not hold on to the old. But can this decision be called unambiguously correct? Residents of flooded Matera are moving to a village built inhumanely. The mismanagement with which huge amounts of money are spent hurts the soul of the writer. Fertile lands will be flooded, and in the village built on the northern slope of the hill, on stones and clay, nothing will grow. Gross interference in nature will certainly lead to environmental problems. But for the writer it is not so much they that are important as the spiritual life of people. For Rasputin it is absolutely clear that the collapse, the disintegration of a nation, people, country begins with the disintegration of the family.

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And the reason for this is the tragic mistake that progress is much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye to their home. And there is no repentance in the hearts of young people. The older generation, wise from life experience, does not want to leave their native island, not because they cannot appreciate all the benefits of civilization, but primarily because for these amenities they demand to give Matera, that is, to betray their past. And the suffering of the elderly is an experience that each of us must learn. A person cannot, should not, abandon his roots. In discussions on this topic, one can turn to history and the disasters that human “economic” activity entailed. Rasputin's story is not just a story about great construction projects, it is the tragic experience of previous generations as an edification to us, people of the 21st century.

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Composition. “Experience is the teacher of everything” (Gaius Julius Caesar) As a person grows up, he learns from books, school classes, conversations and relationships with other people. In addition, the environment, traditions of the family and the people as a whole have an important influence. While studying, a child receives a lot of theoretical knowledge, but the ability to apply it in practice is necessary in order to acquire skills and gain personal experience. In other words, you can read the encyclopedia of life and know the answer to any question, but in reality, only personal experience, that is, practice, will help you learn to live, and without this unique experience a person will not be able to live a bright, full, rich life. The authors of many works of fiction depict characters in dynamics to show how each person develops his personality and goes through his own path.

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Let us turn to Anatoly Rybakov’s novels “Children of the Arbat”, “Fear”, “The Thirty-Fifth and Other Years”, “Dust and Ashes”. The difficult fate of the main character Sasha Pankratov passes before the reader’s gaze. At the beginning of the story, he is a sympathetic guy, an excellent student, a school graduate and a first-year student. He is confident in his rightness, in his future, in the party, his friends, he is an open person, ready to help those in need. It is because of his sense of justice that he suffers. Sasha is sent into exile, and suddenly he finds himself an enemy of the people, completely alone, far from home, convicted under a political article. Throughout the trilogy, the reader observes the development of Sasha’s personality. All his friends turn away from him, except for the girl Varya, who selflessly waits for him, helping his mother overcome the tragedy.

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Victor Hugo's novel Les Misérables tells the story of the girl Cosette. Her mother was forced to give her baby to the family of the innkeeper Thenardier. They treated someone else's child very badly there. Cosette saw how the owners pampered and loved their own daughters, who were smartly dressed, played and were mischievous all day long. Like any child, Cosette also wanted to play, but she was forced to clean the tavern, go to the forest to get water from the spring, and sweep the street. She was dressed in miserable rags, and slept in a closet under the stairs. Bitter experience taught her not to cry, not to complain, but to silently carry out the orders of Aunt Thenardier. When, by the will of fate, Jean Valjean snatched the girl from the clutches of Thenardier, she did not know how to play, did not know what to do with herself. The poor child learned to laugh again, play with dolls again, spending his days carefree. However, in the future, it was this bitter experience that helped Cosette become modest, with a pure heart and an open soul.

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Thus, our reasoning allows us to formulate the following conclusion. It is personal experience that teaches a person about life. Whatever this experience may be, bitter or blissful, it is our own, experienced, and the lessons of life teach us, forming character and nurturing personality.

Thematic direction

« EXPERIENCE AND MISTAKES »

Universal introduction

According to D. Ushakov’s dictionary, an error is an incorrectness in actions, deeds, statements, thoughts, an error. And in the same dictionary we read: “Experience is the totality of practically acquired knowledge, skills and abilities.” As we see, there is a very close connection between these concepts. Indeed, our life is a series of different actions, decisions, it is an everyday choice, as a result of which we are not immune from mistakes. But by doing them, analyzing the reasons for failures, we gain valuable life experience.

Possible entry

• A person tries to achieve certain goals throughout his life, although he often makes mistakes and blunders. People cope with difficulties in different ways: some become depressed, others try to start over, and many set new goals for themselves, given the sad experience in achieving previous ones. In my opinion, this is the meaning of human life.

• Life is an eternal search for oneself, a constant struggle for one’s purpose. And if “wounds” and “abrasions” appear in the struggle to achieve a goal, then this is not a reason for despondency, because these are our own mistakes, to which we have the right and, overcoming which, we gain invaluable life experience.

Proverbs that can be used in the introduction

"You learn from mistakes"

“Everything that is done is for the better”

“Only those who do nothing make no mistakes”

“If you knew where to fall, there would definitely be straws

I would lay it down"

Possible theses

• Bitter experience. Irreparable mistakes. The price of mistakes.

(Sometimes a person commits actions that lead to tragic consequences. And, although he eventually understands that he made a mistake, nothing can be corrected. Often the cost of a mistake is someone’s life)

Arguments

Let's go back to the story A. Mass "Trap". It describes the action of a girl named Valentina...

Let's remember the story "Holidays" Ray Bradbury , whose heroes wished to be left alone in the world. What came of this?...

And in the story K.G. Paustovsky “Telegram” it talks about a girl Nastya, who is too busy with business and hardly remembers her mother, who is living out her life in the village.

Nikolai Dmitrievich Teleshov “White Heron” (fairy tale)

Possible theses

2. Mistakes, without which it is impossible to move along the path of life. By making mistakes, a person gains experience.

(Is it possible to live life without making mistakes? I think not. A person walking along the path of life is not immune from a wrong step. And sometimes, precisely thanks to mistakes, he gains valuable life experience and learns a lot)

Arguments

• Let's go back to the story V. A. Oseeva “Why?” . It talks about a little boy who...
• Sometimes it takes a long time to realize your mistake, and it's good if it happens before it's too late to correct it. To the heroine of the story B. Ekimova “Speak, Mom, Speak” It took years to realize how important her daughter's attention was to her mother.

Possible arguments

3. Experience that prevents errors.

( Life is the best teacher. Sometimes difficult situations arise when a person must make the right decision. By making the right choice, we gain invaluable experience, which helps us avoid mistakes in the future)

Arguments

In the story B. Ekimova “Night of Healing” the author tells the story of a teenager Grisha, who comes to visit his grandmother on vacation...

The author seems to want to tell us: it is necessary to listen to the voice of the heart, to act in accordance with good feelings. This is precisely the life experience that guides us along the right path and helps us avoid many mistakes.

Arguments

In the story A. Mass "Difficult exam" it talks about a girl named Anya Gorchakova, who managed to withstand a difficult test...

It was this incident that taught the heroine to control herself and her feelings. The first experience of overcoming difficulties helped the girl achieve her goal - she later became a famous actress.

Arguments

By making this or that choice, we learn a lot. However, not only our own experience is valuable to us; other people play an important role in our lives, whose actions influence our worldview. Yes, in the story V. Rasputin “French Lessons” talking about the teacher...

It seems that such life experience will help the boy grow up as a sensitive person and protect him from indifference.

Possible theses

4. Human experience. Historical experience. War.

(People who know their history also know about the great tragedy of the war. The bitter experience of the harsh war years teaches us not to forget how much grief and suffering war can bring. We must remember this so that the tragedy does not repeat itself again and again)

Arguments

The tragedy of the war is also shown in the story M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”...

Andrei Sokolov, recalling the recent past, says: “I had a family, my own home, all this was put together over the years, and everything collapsed in one moment, I was left alone.” This is how war interferes in a person’s life, destroys his home, his destiny.

Arguments

• The basis of the story B. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet” an episode is set, insignificant in the enormous scale of the Great Patriotic War, but it is told in such a way that all its horrors appear before the eyes in their ugly, terrible discrepancy with the essence of man. It is emphasized both by the fact that the work is titled “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet” and by the fact that its heroes are girls forced to participate in the war.

Arguments

• L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” (episode of the death of Petya Rostov)
• B. Vasiliev “Not on the lists”

Possible theses

5. Human experience. Attitude to nature.

(What does the experience of mankind, our entire history, teach us? One of the most important lessons is the lesson of caring for the Earth, for nature.)

Arguments

N. N. Nosov “Doll”;

V.P. Astafiev “Tsar Fish”;

V.G. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”;

Ray Bradbury "GREEN MORNING"

Homework (due Monday) – optional

• How do you understand Heinrich Heine’s statement: “Morality is the mind of the heart”?
• What helps you make a choice between honor and dishonor in difficult times?
• What effect do the victories and defeats of his country have on a person?
• Is it possible to live without mistakes?
• Parents and children: friendship or enmity.

Prepared by a teacher from the MBOU "Roshchinskaya Secondary School" of the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region

Fedorova Tamara Ivanovna

Site materials used

http://sochitog.ru/obshee/obshee.html

The path to Truth lies through the unknown, where many dangers and traps await the seeker. Showing inattention and making mistakes can lead the seeker into one of these traps, slow down learning for a long time, and even lead to unwanted emotional states. Article " Ten most common mistakes on the seeker's path"Written based on personal experience, as well as questions and solutions to the problems of seekers who contact me.

I will be glad if this helps you avoid problems along the search path.

1. Substitution of real experience with concepts

“You won’t be satisfied with your lunch.”

Until the seeker rids his mind of the substitution of concepts for truth, that is, conceptual karma, he will not be able to understand, feel, or experience the spiritual reality that the Vedic scriptures or the master speak about.

2. Attempts to give your own explanations of spiritual teachings or the words of a mentor

“Searching in the writings or words of a mentor for confirmation of one’s beliefs will not allow one to see more than the content of one’s own beliefs.”

When the seeker creates his own explanations, some of his ideas are replaced by others, which leads to the creation in the seeker’s mind of a “new spiritual paradigm”, which, coming into conflict with the previous paradigm (worldview system), built on generally accepted social concepts, creates even greater unrest in mind and can cause mental, social and even psychological problems.

3. Failure to see the right indicators in the words of a mentor or teachings

“I can give you enlightenment, but can you take it?”

The meaning of the expression “The teacher appears where the student appears” should be understood in such a way that when the student is ready to change his attention, then absolutely everything that was previously unnoticed because of his passion for playing with his own importance becomes a teacher.

If the words of a mentor or scripture cause resistance, tension, agitation of the mind and even a desire to argue or object, then this indicates that the seeker’s mind is overcrowded with beliefs and ideas and is not ready to knowledge of the Truth. For someone who seeks in everything only confirmation of his concepts and beliefs, nothing and no one - neither a sage nor a holy scripture - can become a teacher and the height of ignorance is the desire to blame the teacher for one’s inability to understand his words, which is tantamount to blaming the world because for the imperfections of his perception.

4. Inability to discard unnecessary things in time

“I gave you the raft only to cross the river on it, so why do you continue to drag it along land?”

For a seeker who is not ready to directly comprehend the truth, during the first period of training, the mentor creates intermediate concepts, like crutches that help him get on his feet. If, as the seeker develops, he does not discard these auxiliary concepts in time, then instead of learning, he risks creating a “New Age religion” in his mind and ending up in a mental dead end.

5. Giving significance to your actions, things, events, ideas, words

“Don’t put yourself on a pedestal, and you will free yourself from the fear of falling off it.”

Attaching special significance to something indicates the attachment of the mind to an object, subject, action or idea of ​​the mind and indicates excessive conceit and an overinflated ego, which is incompatible with practice knowledge of the Truth and serves as a reason for creating fears, worries and worries.

6. Creating new desires

“All desires are bad, but there are even worse ones.”

Desire is like a coin being tossed up, with pleasure on one side and suffering on the other. The essence of desires is like a many-headed hydra, in which, instead of a severed head, two new ones grow. The irrepressibility of desires forces your “I” to constantly spin in the wheel of samsara. At the same time, it is pointless to fight desires, because the desire to fight or suppress a desire is also a desire. At first, the seeker can be guided by such desires as to know the truth, not create new desires, achieve enlightenment, self-realization, etc. But as the ability to distinguish true from false develops, even such desires must be recognized as an extra karmic burden and eliminated in a manner appropriate to karma, for desires are always associated with the desire to improve one’s imaginary image of oneself, which strengthens the ego and gives rise to suffering.

7. The desire to achieve a goal

“There is nothing you can achieve and take with you.”

All goals are imaginary. The future is just an imagination created with the help of memory from fragments of the past stored in it. Reality is only here and now, and all you can do is happen and change along with what is happening here and now. The idea that you have achieved something in something that is constantly changing indicates that you have found yourself in another mental trap. The desire for a goal forces one to constantly keep in mind the idea of ​​what does not exist here and now, which makes the mind even more restless, leads to loss of balance and senseless waste of vital forces and prevents the comprehension of the Truth.

8. Attachments

“Suddenly arising excitement, tension, resistance or fears when confronted with the unknown indicate strong emotional attachments created in the mind.”

Attachments arise due to the failure to distinguish the effect of connecting thoughts with feelings, which results in the assignment of objects or events to one’s imaginary “I” on an emotional level. Mental constructs created in this way require large expenditures of vital energy to maintain them, which is expressed in the form of emotional experiences. Creating such illusory ideas about your imaginary self and its attachments becomes an obstacle in knowledge of the Truth.

9. Inability to properly direct your attention

“Those who do not learn to manage their attention sooner or later encounter a problem such as the emergence of negative states for no apparent reason.”

The correct direction of attention is determined by the fact that the question formed for self-exploration should not be aimed at finding a conceptual explanation for the misunderstanding of teachings or events occurring in the mind, but at eliminating the internal causes that cause this misunderstanding. An indicator of the correct direction of attention is a calm mind.

10. Rejection (lack of humility)

“Never look outside for the cause of your internal problems.”

What happened cannot be different and nothing in it could have been different, because it happened exactly like that and in no other way. The inability to accept what is happening as it is leads to a cyclical reproduction of experiences, causing a loss of vital energy with all the ensuing consequences. To prevent what is happening from causing emotionally destructive reactions, you should get rid of evaluativeness, learning not to create ideas about what should be like.

P.S. If someone has encountered problems not described in this article, or has not found an answer to their questions, they can get an answer in the site’s open consultations by asking a question about the essence of the problem they are having.

Stanislav Milevich