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Primary school teacher MOKU Ustpersky school Lisikhina Galina Petrovna Fine arts. Topic: “Zhostovo beauty”

Zhostovo painting of metal trays.

The famous Zhostovo bouquet! Red-scarlet buds drown in emerald leaves. Forget-me-nots and peonies Frame the roses. There is on a Zhostovo tray And a bouquet that burns in the night, A bird-fire that brings news. There is a tray giving fruits...

Zhostovo is an ancient village in the north of Moscow, in the Mytishchi district, on the picturesque shore of the Klyazma reservoir.

Bright flower bouquet on a black background.

Smaller flowers: bells, lilies of the valley, violets, forget-me-nots, daisies, cornflowers, pansies - appear on the sides.

Preview:

Art lesson in 5th grade

Lesson topic : Art of Zhostovo. Zhostovo trays.

Target: formation of artistic culture of students through acquaintance with Zhostovo painting

Tasks:

• development of students' creative imagination
• formation of an educational environment through introducing students to the Russian folk craft of Zhostovo;
• education of aesthetic taste

Equipment : Illustrations of Zhostovo trays, presentation,

With a tale about Zhostovo painting, a poem about Zhostovo painting.

During the classes.

1. Org. moment. Self-determination for activity

We continue our acquaintance with Russian folk crafts.

Look at the screen and tell me what folk crafts do you know?

Slide 1 topic

Slide 2 – 3 (Gzhel)

Oh, this unusual-looking object that fascinates with the beauty of the combination of white and blue?

What kind of industry is this?

Slide 4-5 (Khokhloma)

What about these items that are decorated with bright paintings on wood?

Slide 6- 11 - Lesson topic.

(A slide with a Zhostovo tray remains on the screen)

Guys, what do you think this is? (This is a tray)

2. Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson.

Motivation for students' learning activities.

For 200 years now, people have been delighted by the applied art of craftsmen from the village of Zhostovo near Moscow.

So, can you name the topic of today's lesson?

What would you like to learn about in class?

Today in the lesson we will learn where such trays are made, the history of this craft and draw a tray.

(Speech, slide show)

1 student

On the sparkling varnished black, blue, red, fawn surface of the tray, both landscapes and floral arrangements are beautiful: wreaths of flowers, lush bouquets, sometimes combined with fruits and birds, berries and leaves. How many trays, so many image options.

(Tray in hand).

2 students

The Zhostovo master never repeats the same drawing. The free manner of writing gives the master the opportunity to fantasize and improvise. This is the basic principle of Zhostovo painting. But the connection with tradition always remains. The shape of the trays can be varied

(slide show)

Variety of shapes:combined.

The composition often depends on the shape of the tray and can be in the form:

- “wreath”, “bouquet”, “basket”.

(slide)

But, the most common type of Zhostovo tray painting is a bouquet located in the center of the tray and framed along the side with a small golden pattern.

Variety of shapes:polygonal, round, oval,combined.

Among the Zhostovo trays you won’t find two that are exactly alike; the craftsmen work creatively without copying other people’s designs or repeating their own.

3. Physical education minute

4. Creative and practical activities.

Teacher's story:

- Not far from Moscow in a very picturesque place is the village of Zhostovo. This village has become famous not only in our country, but also abroad. And it is famous for the fact that no one can paint flowers on iron trays better than local craftsmen. The Zhostovo tray is large and juicy garden and wildflowers surrounded by fresh foliage, as if thrown onto a prepared background. Often flowers accompany images of fruits and berriesbirds The sides of the trays are often decorated with a light gold pattern.

After the story we need to fill out the table.

Student's story:

- How did this amazing craft come about? In the 19th century, an overseas drink, tea, became widespread in Rus'. A whole tea ceremony arose. Along with the samovar, a tray was placed on the table, which also became an indispensable part of Russian tea drinking.

For a long time, papier-mâché trays were used in central Russia.It should be noted that Zhostovo was famous for its blacksmiths, so the idea of ​​the Zhostovo tray fell on fertile ground. In old books there were records that in 1825, local peasant Philip Vishnyakov and his son opened a workshop for the production of painted metal trays.

5. Self-test, evaluation of your work

6. Creative task.

Now let's move on to the practical task. We need to sketch a tray

7.Reflection

What did you like about the lesson today?

Homework. Find an illustration of Zhostovo trays at home and bring it to the next lesson.

Zhostovo painting Olga Mikhailovna Nosova, primary school teacher at Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 11 with in-depth study of individual subjects in the Kursk municipal district of the Stavropol Territory Zhostovo painting is a folk craft of artistic painting of metal trays that exists in the village of Zhostovo, Mytishchi district, Moscow region. Zhostovo painting is a folk craft of artistic painting of metal trays that exists in the village of Zhostovo, Mytishchi district, Moscow region. History of painting The history of Zhostovo and Zhostovo craft dates back to the beginning of the 19th century, when in a number of Moscow region villages and hamlets of the former Troitskaya volost (now Mytishchi district of the Moscow region) - Zhostovo, Ostashkovo, Khlebnikov, Troitsky and others - workshops arose for the production of painted lacquered items from papier -mache. In 1830, the production of trays in the surrounding villages increased. The first metal trays appeared, decorated with decorative floral paintings. Iron trays gradually replaced snuff boxes and other “paper” crafts from the workshops of the Trinity volost. In 1830, the production of trays in the surrounding villages increased. The first metal trays appeared, decorated with decorative floral paintings. Iron trays gradually replaced snuff boxes and other “paper” crafts from the workshops of the Trinity volost. The main motif of Zhostovo painting is a flower bouquet. Flowers can be placed in garlands around the perimeter of the tray, collected in bouquets of three or five flowers, or displayed in baskets. Flowers are often accompanied by images of fruits, berries or birds. Features of Zhostovo painting Painting is usually done on a black background (sometimes on red, blue, green, silver), and the master works on several trays at once. Features of Zhostovo painting The main motif of the painting is a floral bouquet of a simple composition, in which large garden and small wildflowers alternate. Features of Zhostovo painting According to their purpose, trays are divided into two groups: for household purposes (for samovars, for serving food) and as decoration. Features of Zhostovo painting Trays are shaped like round, octagonal, combined, rectangular, oval, etc. Zhostovo artists paint with oil paints and soft squirrel brushes. While working, the artist holds the tray on his knee and turns it when necessary. And the hand with the brush rests on a wooden plank lying across the tray. Zhostovo artists paint with oil paints and soft squirrel brushes. While working, the artist holds the tray on his knee and turns it when necessary. And the hand with the brush rests on a wooden plank lying across the tray. The artist first only outlines the future painting, paints freely with quick and precise strokes. And even repeating the drawing, the master improvises and adds something new. The artist first only outlines the future painting, paints freely with quick and precise strokes. And even repeating the drawing, the master improvises and adds something new. Painting is carried out in 4 stages: 1. Starts with “ paintings", using whitened paints, the general silhouette of the image and the location of the main spots are outlined. The painted trays are dried in ovens for several hours. 2. The next steps, " tenezhka" And " gasket", the shapes of flowers and leaves are built; First, transparent shadows are applied, then the light areas of the painting are “painted” with dense bright colors. 2. The next steps, " tenezhka" And " gasket", the shapes of flowers and leaves are built; First, transparent shadows are applied, then the light areas of the painting are “painted” with dense bright colors. 3. This is followed by “ glare”, that is, applying whitening strokes that clarify all volumes. 3. This is followed by “ glare“, that is, applying whitening strokes that clarify all volumes. 4. The painting is completed with elegant graphics “ drawings" And " bindings" The elastic lines of the “drawing” easily run along the contours of the petals and leaves, expressively emphasizing their rich painting by contrast. 4. The painting is completed with elegant graphics “ drawings" And " bindings" The elastic lines of the “drawing” easily run along the contours of the petals and leaves, expressively emphasizing their rich painting by contrast. Small branches, not accidentally called “pegs,” soften the transition to the background. Each master uses these traditional techniques, established in the craft, in his own way, creatively playing with the decorative possibilities of brush painting. Small branches, not accidentally called “pegs,” soften the transition to the background. Each master uses these traditional techniques, established in the craft, in his own way, creatively playing with the decorative possibilities of brush painting. As a result, endless variations of similar motifs and images appear, but literal copies or repetitions are never seen among them. So each tray is a unique work of art. As a result, endless variations of similar motifs and images appear, but literal copies or repetitions are never seen among them. So each tray is a unique work of art. Reflection

• 1. When and where did Zhostovo painting originate?
• 2. How many stages does painting take?
• 3. What type of paint is used when painting?
• 4. What is the name of the stage that completes the painting?
• 5. What do you think is the difference between Zhostovo painting and such paintings as Gzhel, Khokhloma.

• 6. You are presented with several pictures with different paintings. Which of them are made using the Zhostovo painting technique?

• https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%EE%F1%F2%EE%E2%F1%EA%E0%FF_%F0%EE%F1%EF%E8%F1%FC
• http://art.ioso.ru/wiki/images/Zamalevok.jpg
• http://art.ioso.ru/wiki/images/Drawing.jpg
• http://art.ioso.ru/wiki/images/Peg.jpg
• http://art.ioso.ru/wiki/images/05.jpg
• http://art.ioso.ru/wiki/images/Blikovka.jpg
• http://art.ioso.ru/wiki/images/Tenezhka.jpg
• http://art.ioso.ru/wiki/images/36ba163492b8.jpg
• http://art.ioso.ru/wiki/index.php/Zhostovo_painting
• http://img3.proshkolu.ru/content/media/pic/std/2000000/1002000/1001663-a02a025befa04053.jpg
• http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/6/91/707/91707314_baja.jpg
• http://gazetavsem.ru/sites/default/files/88f8a447f20efa1ac90030b52146b443.jpg
• http://www.coollady.ru/pic/0003/020/43_1.jpg
• http://www.gar-ptisa.ru/admin/pictures/2012881b.jpg
• http://www.ya-zemlyak.ru/images/np/jp/6/27.jpg
• http://do-things.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Jostovo-3.jpg
• http://www.lavka-podarkov.ru/upload/iblock/8cf/DSC_0338_kruualgwzy%20uidcddmhajvc.jpg
• http://www.comgun.ru/uploads/posts/2012-11/thumbs/1352836271_16.jpg
• http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6201/105877511.87/0_62808_e772076f_L.jpg
• http://murmolka.com/img/l/evk-skell.ucoz.ru/_ph/42/2/114326084.jpg
• http://www.m-look.ru/images/INTERESTS/84596252_large_ce750770eb78a516b0358cfefe1.jpg
• http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/9/106/803/106803168_4195696_514736kEB25CFF.gif
• http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/53/75108027.4c/0_7655f_f137fc0a_XL

The basis of Zhostovo painting is a rich, free brush stroke. The Zhostovo master does not work from samples. He writes from his imagination, according to well-learned rules, honed in the long practice of many generations of local artists. The classic style of Zhostovo art involves several flower compositions: “Assembled Bouquet”, “Bouquet in Spread”, “Wreath”, “Branch from the Corner”, in which large and small flowers, leaves, buds, and stems appear in harmonious unity.

The most common type of Zhostovo painting is a bouquet, located in the center of the tray and framed along the side with a small golden pattern. In compositions, a lot of space is given to a smooth background, which has a beautiful surface that plays effectively in the light. The image of flowers is particularly soft and rounded in design. The bouquet turns into an elegant group of flowers, laid loosely on a shiny lacquer background. Three or four large flowers (rose, tulip, dahlia, and sometimes more modest pansies, bindweed, etc.) were surrounded by a scattering of smaller flowers and buds, interconnected by flexible stems and light “grass,” that is, small twigs and leaves. The image seems to be born from the shimmering depth, dissolving in it with transparent shadows and flashing with bright highlights on the surface. Slightly “recessed” in the background, the flowers seem light, semi-voluminous; these tactful angles and turns of the corollas did not visually break through the plane of the object. Masters know how to find beautiful and expressive outlines of the bouquet as a whole. The top often ends with two or three branches that smoothly and widely diverge to the sides, the curves of which follow the shape of the thing itself. Light patterned lace from a variety of “grass” surrounds the bouquet at the edges, fitting it into the smooth background. The most common type of Zhostovo painting is a bouquet, located in the center of the tray and framed along the side with a small golden pattern. In compositions, a lot of space is given to a smooth background, which has a beautiful surface that plays effectively in the light. The image of flowers is particularly soft and rounded in design. The bouquet turns into an elegant group of flowers, laid loosely on a shiny lacquer background. Three or four large flowers (rose, tulip, dahlia, and sometimes more modest pansies, bindweed, etc.) were surrounded by a scattering of smaller flowers and buds, interconnected by flexible stems and light “grass,” that is, small twigs and leaves. The image seems to be born from the shimmering depth, dissolving in it with transparent shadows and flashing with bright highlights on the surface. Slightly “recessed” in the background, the flowers seem light, semi-volume; tactfully, these angles and turns of the corollas did not visually break through the plane of the object. Masters know how to find beautiful and expressive outlines of the bouquet as a whole. The top often ends with two or three branches that smoothly and widely diverge to the sides, the curves of which follow the shape of the thing itself. Light patterned lace from a variety of “grass” surrounds the bouquet at the edges, fitting it into the smooth background.

1. Making trays When creating trays of a standard shape, sheets of metal are cut into blanks of a certain size. The tray is cut out and stretched into shape on an electric press using a combined stamp and molds, then the tray is beaded, i.e. its edges are rolled up. Forged trays are created by hand forging by farriers according to an old artisanal tradition: the shape and size of the tray depend on the creative variation of the farrier. Using hand scissors, a bracket of 3-5 metal cards is cut out, then using a hammer and anvil, the shape is knocked out and stretched. The edge of the tray is rolled up with a wire embedded in it to strengthen it, after which the edge is leveled on an anvil with a hammer. 2. Preparation for painting Annealing, degreasing, priming, applying black enamel in two or three layers with intermediate drying of each layer, sanding each layer of enamel manually using sandpaper. 3. Artistic painting Zhostovo masters paint with oil paints diluted with linseed oil and turpentine. Squirrel tassels are used. Zhostovo painting is performed in two stages. The first stage of writing is called shading, the second - straightening. Painting. In the painting, the artist uses a wide brush to sketch out the composition of the bouquet on the working surface of the tray. Painting is carried out without preliminary drawing with dense, somewhat whitened paints simultaneously on several trays. When creating a bouquet, the artist rotates the tray on his knees, as if substituting the desired area of ​​its surface under the brush. At the same time, it is necessary to monitor the beauty and expressiveness of the silhouette of flowers, buds, leaves and stems, the rhythmic arrangement of colorful spots, and the ratio of the scale of the painting and the background of the tray. The paint is dried in ovens for twelve hours at a certain temperature. Bearing. Straightening consists of a series of operations following one after another: shadowing, laying, highlighting, drawing, planting seeds and binding. 4. Applying an ornament The sides of the trays are decorated with light, openwork floral patterns. 5. Finishing Two or three layers of varnish are applied to the painting product with intermediate drying of each layer in drying cabinets at a certain temperature for two hours and cleaning of each layer before applying the varnish.

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Slide captions:

ZHOSTOVO. METAL PAINTING

For almost 200 years, the applied art of the masters of the village of Zhostovo near Moscow has been pleasing people; the sparkling varnish of the black, blue, red or fawn surface of the tray is good for both Moscow region landscapes and flower compositions:

wreaths of flowers, lush bouquets sometimes combined with fruits and birds, autumn motifs of berries and leaves.

How many trays, so many image options. And why? The Zhostovo master never repeats the same drawing.

The free manner of writing gives the master the opportunity to fantasize and improvise. This is the basic principle of Zhostovo painting. But even here the connection with tradition remains.

Take a closer look at the painting on the trays. The bouquets on them are dense, the stems are almost nowhere visible: just flower heads and leaves. And what flowers! Large, medium and small shapes are beautifully combined here.

The largest ones are in the middle, smaller ones closer to the edges, and the gaps are filled with leaves and the smallest flowers.

You see how different the shapes of trays can be: rectangular and oval, round and curly, large and very small. The variety of shapes gives the master the opportunity to decide the composition in his own way, but the shape of the trays largely determines this composition.

Using transparent oil paint, the master outlines the main spots of the composition - where there will be large flowers, where there will be smaller ones, where large leaves will be located. This is a sketch. Next, the master performs shading, i.e. darkens spots of color on one side.

Here is a stroke with a brush, another stroke from the edge of the petal to the center. The brightest places are highlighted with glare. Layer after layer, volume is created on flowers and leaves.

And that is not all. We need to enhance the dark places. Many different shades of color can be obtained: blue-gray, bluish-purple, reddish-orange, greenish-brown.

Thin dash lines will follow the contour of the petals and leaves, giving them greater expressiveness. Small graceful grasses and curls will tie the whole composition into one. Next, the tray must be dried and varnished.

But that’s not the end of the matter! It is necessary to decorate the sides of the tray with a thin gold strip, paws and lace or small flowers, gold ornaments. This is cleaning, the masters say.

The tray is ready. It is dried well and coated several more times with colorless varnish. And to make it shiny, they polish it like a mirror. Isn't it beautiful?

TASK Design and paint your own tray. To do this, take a large sheet of paper or cardboard. Choose one of the tray shapes (you can cut it out) and don’t forget about the side.

TASK Think about what kind of background you will need: black, blue, dark red, green or white. Just don't rush! On paper and cardboard, first write the bouquet, and then the background.

TASK You will work in gouache, tempera or watercolor with white. Without white, you won’t get many shades of color or whitening.

TASK Outline a composition of large, medium and small shapes. You can work directly with a brush. Remember how the underpainting masters worked. Don’t be afraid to spoil it, because with gouache you can put a different shade on top of the dried layer.

TASK Write freely in large forms first. Then smaller leaves. Now make the background. Unite the entire composition into one whole with curls and thin herbs.