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Presentation on the topic: Protozoa

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Protozoa Protozoa are diverse (70 thousand species) single-celled animals that live in water bodies and moist soil. Many of the simplest animals are as small and simply constructed as some of the cells of large animals. But they differ from them in that they are able to live independently. Unicellular animals are a well-coordinated organism that carries out nutrition, respiration, excretion, reproduction, growth, development and metabolism. Protozoa are very important consumers of bacteria and unicellular algae, as well as unicellular animals. The structure of protozoa (Fig. 1): 1 - membrane, 2 - cytoplasm, 3 - contractile vacuole, 4 - nucleus. Protozoa can be divided into 4 systematic groups. These are rhizopods, radiolarians, sunflowers and sporozoans. Flagellates and ciliates are also distinguished separately.

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Sunflowers Sunflowers are one of the smallest groups of protozoa. There are only a few dozen species living in fresh waters. The body of most sunfish resembles a “sun”, but lacks a mineral skeleton. Many sunfish are free-swimming, but there are also attached individuals. They feed on animal organisms.

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Radiolaria Radiolaria are unicellular, less often colonial, free-living protozoa with a mineral skeleton in the form of amazingly beautiful formations. Bizarre outgrowths significantly increase the surface area of ​​the body, which facilitates their movement in the water column. Radiolarians are distributed mainly in warm seas.

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Amoeba Amoeba lives in the mud at the bottom of small freshwater bodies of water. This small unicellular animal (0.2-0.5 mm), seemingly a gelatinous lump, successfully competes with other protozoan organisms. The body is covered with a plasma membrane. All actions of the amoeba are controlled by the nucleus. The cytoplasm is in constant motion. If its microflows rush to one point on the surface of the amoeba, a protrusion appears there. It increases in size and becomes an outgrowth of the body. This is a pseudopod that attaches to silt particles. All the contents of the amoeba gradually flow into it. This is how the amoeba moves from place to place.

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Amoeba nutrition Amoeba is an omnivore. Its food consists of bacteria, single-celled plants and animals, as well as decaying organic particles. Moving, the amoeba encounters food and surrounds it from all sides, and it ends up in the cytoplasm (Fig. 2). A digestive vacuole is formed around the food, where digestive secretions enter to digest the food. The vacuole with undigested food remains moves to the surface of the amoeba’s body and its contents are thrown out. This method of capturing food is called cellular ingestion. Amoeba can also feed on liquid food using another method - cellular nutrition.

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Asexual reproduction of amoebas Reproduction of amoebas is asexual and is carried out by dividing in two (Fig. 3). The nucleus divides first by mitosis, then constriction and elongation of the cytoplasm begins. In this case, the daughter chromosomes diverge to opposite poles and two identical daughter amoebas are separated from each other.

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Cyst The amoeba feeds and reproduces in the summer. In autumn, when cold weather sets in, the amoeba stops feeding, its body becomes rounded, and a dense protective shell is formed on its surface - a cyst is formed. The same thing happens when the reservoir dries out. In the cyst state, the amoeba tolerates unfavorable living conditions for it. When favorable conditions occur, the amoeba leaves the cyst shell (Fig. 4). She releases pseudopods, begins to feed and reproduce. Cysts carried by the wind contribute to the spread of amoebas.

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This is interesting. Not all the simplest animals are microscopic! Shells of extinct foraminifera with a diameter of 18 cm were found!!! Not many people know that fish often die due to a disease in which their muscles become liquefied. This disease is caused by single-celled animals called kudos. Everyone knows honey bees, and beekeepers can tell you that bees get diarrhea, which ends in their death. Single-celled animals are to blame for this.

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conclusion While working on this presentation, I learned a lot about protozoa, something that is not written in a biology textbook. It was interesting to create this presentation, since there is not a lot of information about protozoa and I had to look through a large amount of information and select the most important thing and place it in this work. It turned out that protozoa are not at all so simple and their world is amazing and diverse! I hope you enjoy my presentation will help you get to know these little animals better!

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Protozoa

Variety of animals. Protozoa include animals consisting of one or several cells - colonies. Representatives of protozoa. Historical reference. Classification of the type Protozoa. Class Sarcodae (Rhipodes). Eating -? Tolerate adverse conditions - ? Class Sporozoans. Number of species Lifestyle Structure Habitat Example Meaning. Class Flagellates. Class Ciliates. - Protozoa.ppt

Type protozoa

Lesson on the simplest

Theme of the educational project Protozoa are among the first on Earth. Study topic question: What are the biological features of protozoa? Academic subjects: Biology, ecology, geography, computer science. What can be found in droplets of aquarium and pond water? What is the life of a slipper ciliate? How do protozoa react to environmental influences? Can nature exist without protozoa? Topics of independent research: Results of research presentation: - Lesson Protozoa.ppt

Protozoa biology

Kingdom Protozoa. General signs of the Kingdom of Protozoa. They reproduce by cell division. May form cysts. Amoeba Proteus. Diversity of Protozoa. Arcella vulgaris. Acantaria. Plasmodium vivax. Eimeria. Scorch frog. Ciliate slipper. Questions on the topic Protozoa. Name the four classes of the Kingdom of Protozoa. Give examples of protozoa that pose a danger to people. - Protozoa biology.ppt

Protozoa animals

Protozoa. Worms. Shellfish Lesson topic. What is the role of different animals in ecosystems? Breathe, create organic matter, grow, multiply, bloom. Plants can. Animals can breathe, swallow prey, move, grow, reproduce, feel. Animals and plants can breathe, grow, and reproduce. General. Differences Animals can move, swallow prey, and feel. Shell amoeba. Solnechnik. Flagellates. Foraminifera shells. Ciliate - shoe. Purify the water. Increases soil fertility. Serve as food for small animals. Cause disease. - The simplest animals.ppt

Simple organisms

Biology 7th grade protozoa

Single organisms

Lesson topic: Single-celled organisms. The manifestation of coloniality. Lesson assignment: Establish the fundamental principles of functioning of single-celled organisms. “Tell me and I will forget. Show me and I’ll remember. Give me the opportunity to do it myself, and I’ll get started.” Chinese wisdom. Unicellular prokaryotes. Kingdom of Drobyanka Viddil Bacteria Viddil Cyanobacteria. Unicellular eukaryotes. Kingdom of Roslini. Unicellular organisms that create colonies. Work in groups. Laboratory “Single cell eukaryotes”. I. Laboratory “Single cell prokaryotes”. Presentation to the project “Ways of living of prokaryotes.” Prevention of any bacterial diseases means following the rules of hygiene. - One-clinical organisms.ppt

Unicellular animals

Diversity of protozoa

Diversity of Protozoa. Get to know the types of Protozoa. Get to know the meaning of Protozoa. Types of Protozoa. Subphylum Sarcodidae Foraminefera. Subphylum Sarcodidae Radiolaria. Subphylum Flagellates. Phylum Sporozoans. Complex life cycle. Meaning of Protozoa. Diversity of protozoa. There are 70 thousand species of Protozoa. The role of Protozoa in the life of nature and humans is significant. What is the name of the disease that is caused by Plasmodium falciparum? What is the name of the protozoan that causes the disease Amoebiasis? What type of lamblia is it? When did Protozoa appear on Earth? What types of Protozoa do you know? - Variety of protozoa.pptx

Types of protozoa

Pimenov A.V. Topic: “The Sub-Kingdom of Protozoa.” Among unicellular animals there are organisms with a mixed (mixotrophic) type of nutrition. Reproduction is sexual and asexual. About 1.5 million species of animals are known. Animal Kingdom. General characteristics of the subkingdom Protozoa. Unicellular animals and colonial organisms. Structure. One or more cores. The outer membrane, together with compacted ectoplasm, can form a pellicle. Some have a shell. Digestion is intracellular using the digestive vacuole. There are mixotrophic organisms. Selection. Breath. The vast majority of protozoa are aerobic organisms. - Types of protozoa.ppt

Flagellate protozoa

Type of Ciliates

Type of ciliates. The macronucleus has a polyploid set of chromosomes and regulates metabolic processes. The micronucleus contains a diploid set of chromosomes and is involved in the sexual process. Reproduction is repeated 1 - 2 times a day. After several generations in the life cycle of ciliates, the sexual process occurs. Suvoyka. When the body contracts, the stalk also contracts and twists spirally. The entoplasm contains a ribbon-shaped macronucleus with an adjacent spherical micronucleus. They reproduce by division. The cysts are spherical. They are found all over the world, found in fresh and sea waters. - Type of Ciliates.ppt

Protozoa test

Biological auction “Protozoa”. Characteristic features of protozoa. Microscopic dimensions Unicellular. They move with the help of pseudopods, flagella or cilia. They have a variety of shapes and symmetry. Subkingdom Protozoa. Class Sarcodae. Class Flagellates. Class Ciliates. Common amoeba. The structure of the amoeba. Pseudopaedes. Cytoplasmic membrane. Contractile vacuole. Core. Digestive vacuole. Cytoplasm. Breathing and excretion. Breathes throughout the entire surface of the body. Excretion is provided by the contractile vacuole. Amoeba nutrition. Reproduction. Cyst formation. 2nd lotClass Flagellates. - Test Protozoa.ppt

Unicellular organisms

In the world of single-celled organisms. Unicellular plants. Chlorella. Euglena green. Unicellular animals. Ciliates. Nutrition of ciliates. Volvox. Mold fungi. Penicillium. Missing words. Unicellular algae. Cellular structure. Cells of all organisms. Single-celled fungus. Cell structure. Icebergs. - Unicellular organisms.ppt

Type Ciliary

Type of ciliates or ciliated. Goals. Lesson type: learning new knowledge. Lesson stages. "Challenge" stage. At the “Challenge” stage - updating knowledge. Stage "Comprehension". Primary consolidation of the material. Physical education minute. Stage "Reflection". The ability to name and show organelles of ciliates. At the “Reflection” stage, new information was analyzed. Brief self-analysis of the lesson. -

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Radiolarians

Radiolarians build their shells from transparent silicon dioxide. The skeletal structures of both the spiny stars and the mesh bodies are the most graceful of all marine zooplankton. Radiolarians reproduce by fission; Only in some species the sexual process is observed. The skeletons of radiolarians form silt, which over time turns into sedimentary rock - radiolarite.

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Solnechniki

One of the smallest groups of protozoa. There are only a few dozen species living in fresh waters. Unlike radiolarians, sunfishes lack an intracellular mineral skeleton. Solar plants are quite large in size - up to 1 mm. They are easy to spot in ditches as tiny balls floating near the bottom.

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Ciliates

Ciliates move through the coordinated work of numerous cilia. Some cilia are able to perceive mechanical irritations. Sucking ciliates do not have cilia, but have a large number of tentacles that dig into their prey. Most ciliates are predators. Some of them have trichocysts between the cilia, which pierce the victim when attacking. Food (small algae, fungi, bacteria) is swallowed by the pharynx. Ciliates evolved from primitive flagellates; there are 6000–8000 species. They live in both fresh and sea water (both in the water column and near the bottom), in soil and wet mosses.

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Protozoa are diverse (70 thousand species) single-celled animals that live in water bodies and moist soil. Many of the simplest animals are as small and simply constructed as some of the cells of large animals. But they differ from them in that they are able to live independently. Single-celled animals are a well-coordinated organism that carries out nutrition, respiration, excretion, reproduction, growth, development and metabolism. Protozoa are very important consumers of bacteria and unicellular algae, as well as unicellular animals. The structure of protozoa (Fig. 1): 1- membrane, 2- cytoplasm, 3- contractile vacuole, 4- nucleus. Protozoa can be divided into 4 systematic groups. These are rhizopods, radiolarians, sunflowers and sporozoans. Flagellates and ciliates are also distinguished separately. 1 2 3 4 Fig. 1

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Sunflowers are one of the smallest groups of protozoa. There are only a few dozen species living in fresh waters. The body of most sunfish resembles a “sun”, but lacks a mineral skeleton. Many sunfish are free-swimming, but there are also attached individuals. They feed on animal organisms. Solnechniki

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Radiolaria are unicellular, less often colonial, free-living protozoa with a mineral skeleton in the form of amazingly beautiful formations. Bizarre outgrowths significantly increase the surface area of ​​the body, which facilitates their movement in the water column. Radiolarians are distributed mainly in warm seas. Radiolarians

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Amoeba lives in the mud at the bottom of small freshwater bodies of water. This small unicellular animal (0.2-0.5 mm), seemingly a gelatinous lump, successfully competes with other protozoan organisms. The body is covered with a plasma membrane. All actions of the amoeba are controlled by the nucleus. The cytoplasm is in constant motion. If its microflows rush to one point on the surface of the amoeba, a protrusion appears there. It increases in size and becomes an outgrowth of the body. This is a pseudopod that attaches to silt particles. All the contents of the amoeba gradually flow into it. This is how the amoeba moves from place to place.

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Amoeba nutrition Amoeba is an omnivore. Its food consists of bacteria, single-celled plants and animals, as well as decaying organic particles. Moving, the amoeba encounters food and surrounds it from all sides, and it ends up in the cytoplasm (Fig. 2). A digestive vacuole is formed around the food, where digestive secretions enter to digest the food. The vacuole with undigested food remains moves to the surface of the amoeba’s body and its contents are thrown out. This method of capturing food is called cellular ingestion. Amoeba can also feed on liquid food using another method - cellular nutrition. Rice. 2

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Asexual reproduction of amoebas Reproduction of amoebas is asexual and is carried out by dividing in two (Fig. 3). The nucleus divides first by mitosis, then constriction and elongation of the cytoplasm begins. In this case, the daughter chromosomes diverge to opposite poles and two identical daughter amoebas are separated from each other. Fig.3

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Cyst The amoeba feeds and reproduces in the summer. In autumn, when cold weather sets in, the amoeba stops feeding, its body becomes rounded, and a dense protective shell is formed on its surface - a cyst is formed. The same thing happens when the reservoir dries out. In the state of a cyst, the amoeba tolerates living conditions unfavorable for it. When favorable conditions occur, the amoeba leaves the cyst shell (Fig. 4). She releases pseudopods, begins to feed and reproduce. Cysts carried by the wind contribute to the spread of amoebas. Fig.4

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1. A source of food for other animals. (They form the first link in the food chain). 2. They act as orderlies, cleaning water bodies from bacteria and rotting substances. 3. Serve as indicators of water purity. 4. Promote geological exploration and serve as guidelines for oil and gas exploration. 5.Participate in the formation of limestone deposits. 6.Participate in the cycle of substances. 7. They influence soil-forming processes. 8. Pathogens of diseases in domestic animals and humans.

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Not all simple animals are microscopic! Shells of extinct foraminifera with a diameter of 18 cm were found!!! Everyone knows honey bees, and beekeepers can tell you that bees get diarrhea, which ends in their death. Single-celled animals are to blame for this. Not many people know that fish often die due to a disease in which their muscles become liquefied. This disease is caused by single-celled animals called kudos.

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About the author This presentation was made by a 7th grade student of the Education Center of Gatchina Secondary School No. 8 - Margarita Sukhova. I am interested in computer graphics, music, modern dance and love to travel.