Wood carving

Modern carving

It does not have a strict classification, since different types of thread can be combined in the same product.

Conventionally, we can distinguish types of threads:

1. through thread (this includes cutting and slotted threads)
2. blind thread (all subtypes of relief and flat carving)
3. sculptural carving
4. house carving (is a separate direction, since it can combine all three of the above types).
5. Chainsaw Carving (Performing primarily sculptural carvings using only a chainsaw.)

The conditional classification of thread types is as follows:

Through thread

Walnut

Through thread is divided into actually end-to-end And invoice, has two subtypes:

• Proriznaya thread - (through sections are cut with chisels and cutters)
• Propilnaya thread (actually the same thing, but such areas are cut out with a saw or jigsaw).

A slotted or saw-cut carving with a relief ornament is called openwork.

Flat grooved thread

Flat grooved carving is characterized by the fact that its basis is a flat background, and the carving elements go deep into it, that is, the lower level of the carved elements lies below the background level. There are several subtypes of such carvings:

• contour thread- the simplest, its only element is a groove. Such grooves create a pattern on a flat background. Depending on the chisel you choose, the groove may be semicircular or triangular. The semicircular one is cut with a semicircular chisel, and the triangular one is cut with a corner cutter, a corner chisel or an ordinary knife in two steps.
• staple (nail) thread- the main element is a bracket (outwardly similar to the mark left by a fingernail when pressing on any soft material, hence the name nail-shaped) - a semicircular notch on a flat background. This notch is made with a semicircular chisel in two steps: first, the chisel is deepened into the wood perpendicular to the surface, and then at an angle at some distance from the first cut. The result is a so-called bracket. Many such brackets of different sizes and directions create a picture or its individual elements.
• geometric (triangular, trihedral notched) thread- has two main elements: a peg and a pyramid (a triangular pyramid buried inside). Carving is performed in two stages: pricking and trimming. First, the sectors that need to be cut are pricked (outlined) with a cutter, and then they are trimmed. All elements are performed with a knife-jamb. Repeated use of pyramids and peg at different distances and at different angles gives a great variety of geometric shapes, among which are distinguished: rhombuses, swirls, honeycombs, chains, radiances, etc.
• black glaze carving- the background is a flat surface covered with black varnish or paint. As in a contour carving, grooves are cut into the background, from which the design is built. The different depths of the grooves and their different profiles give an interesting play of light and shadow and the contrast of the black background and light cut grooves.

Relief carving

Relief carving is characterized by the fact that the carving elements are located above the background or at the same level with it. As a rule, all carved panels are made using this technique. There are several subtypes of such carvings:

• flat-relief carving with a cushion background - can be compared with contour carving, but all the edges of the grooves become rolled, and sometimes with varying degrees of steepness (more sharply on the side of the design, gradually, gently, on the background side). Due to such oval contours, the background seems to be made of pillows, hence the name. The background is flush with the design.
• flat-relief carving with a selected background - the same carving, but only the background is selected with chisels one level lower. The contours of the drawing also become shaved.
• Abramtsevo-Kudrinskaya carving (Kudrinskaya)- originated in the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow, in the village of Kudrino. The author is considered to be Vasily Vornoskov. The carving is distinguished by a characteristic “curly” ornament - curling garlands of petals and flowers. The same characteristic images of birds and animals are often used. Like flat-relief, it comes with a cushion and a selected background.
• carving "Tatyanka"- this type of carving appeared in the 90s of the XX century. The author (Shamil Sasykov) named this formed style in honor of his wife and patented it. As a rule, such carvings contain floral ornaments. A characteristic feature is the absence of a background as such - one carved element gradually merges into another or is superimposed on it, thus filling the entire space.

Sculptural carving

USSR stamp, 1979, Bogorodskaya carving

A distinctive feature is the presence of sculpture - images of individual figures (or groups of figures) of people, animals, birds or other objects. In fact, it is the most difficult type of carving, since it requires the carver to have a three-dimensional vision of the figure, a sense of perspective, and maintain proportions.

It is considered a separate subspecies Bogorodskaya carving. The art of chainsaw carving, which is becoming increasingly popular both among carvers and connoisseurs of beauty, can also be considered a type of sculptural carving. Popularity is easy to explain. Chainsaw carving is, first of all, an action, a performance, a show. Increasingly, festivals, competitions, and demonstration performances by chainsaw carving masters at public events, presentations, and exhibitions began to be held. Unlike other genres of wood carving, the viewer not only sees the final result of the master’s painstaking and long work, but also visually participates in the process of creating the sculpture.

see also

Notes

Literature

Wikimedia Foundation.

2010.

See what “Wood carving” is in other dictionaries: wood carving - Wood in art has been used since ancient times in architecture, sculpture, decorative and applied arts, especially folk art (utensils, furniture, often tinted or decorated with carvings, intarsia, painting, gilding, etc.)... …

Dictionary of Temple Architecture ARTISTIC WOOD CARVING, one of the oldest and most common types of artistic woodworking, in which a pattern is applied to the product using an ax, knife, cutters, chisels, chisels and other similar tools. WITH… …

encyclopedic Dictionary ARTISTIC WOOD CARVING, one of the oldest and most common types of artistic woodworking, in which a pattern is applied to the product using an ax, knife, cutters, chisels, chisels and other similar tools. WITH… …

FLAT-RELIEF WOOD CARVING, one of the most common types of carving. The relatively shallow relief (5-20 mm) maintains the same height with the same depth of the main background. The main motifs of flat-relief carving are floral ornaments... ARTISTIC WOOD CARVING, one of the oldest and most common types of artistic woodworking, in which a pattern is applied to the product using an ax, knife, cutters, chisels, chisels and other similar tools. WITH… …

The art of wood carving has been known since ancient times. It was carved elements that decorated village and city wooden houses in Rus'. At the same time, these elements were made using simple and accessible tools - an ax, a saw, a carpenter's chisel. Over time, tools for carvers were improved and modified. Machines appeared with the help of which it became possible to realize the most complex patterns in wood.

House carving as a living form of folk art exists in rural areas to this day, and the underlying geometric carving, formed on the traditions of carvers of spinning wheels, gingerbread boards, and various household utensils, is considered a Vyatka folk art craft. Complex volumetric carvings are found not only on elements of houses, but also on expensive Vyatka furniture and church iconostases in temples.

Geometric wood carving

Geometric carving is one of the most ancient types of wood carving.

It is made in the form of two-, three- or tetrahedral recesses, forming on the surface a pattern of geometric shapes - triangles, squares, circles.

Geometric carvings lavishly decorated huts, religious buildings (iconostases, icon cases), all kinds of furniture (tables, benches, cradles, chests, chests, hooks for washstands), turned and dugout dishes (various bowls, ladles, salt shakers, trays, spoons, jugs) and tools (spinning wheels, weaving mills, rollers, seamstresses, gingerbread boards).

Back in the 20s of the 20th century, at Vyatka bazaars one could buy products decorated with skillful carvings. For a long time, the ancient craft existed separately. By the end of the 1930s, handicraftsmen united into artels. In 1947, the Pobeda artel united 107 homeworkers, half of whom were engaged in artistic woodworking. Artel produces boxes of various configurations, pencil cases, towel holders, medicine cabinets, decorated with geometric carvings and paintings.

In 1954, the artel mastered the production of carved boxes with inlay. In 1955, the artel carried out a lot of experimental work - the use of several techniques in the manufacture of one product (carving, inlay, burning, painting), the image became more complex, and landscape and architectural subjects of monuments in Moscow, Leningrad and other cities were introduced. In 1958, craftsmen and artists from the Pobeda artel completed a large order for the World Exhibition in Brussels. This year, the company’s assortment includes 70 types of artistic products and this is the only industrial market in the country with such a product profile.

With the formation of the Department for the Production of Toys and Arts and Crafts in 1968, all activities in artistic woodworking were concentrated at the Ideal art products factory. Already in the 1970s, geometric carving became firmly established in the artistic design of the main product range of the Ideal factory.

From the simplest elements, master carvers learned to create rich patterns used to decorate not only boxes, but also various household items. Using traditional ornamental elements, craftsmen build the composition of the product on a circle, which is then carefully designed.

Clean carving, deep sampling of the background, large details of the ornament, necessarily enclosed in a frame of contour carving - these are the features of boxes from the Ideal factory.

To enrich the artistic image of the product, craftsmen use additional means to enhance the decorative effect of the product, using natural materials (straw, embossed birch bark) in the carved box.

Currently, the successor to the Ideal factory, the Ideal Plus enterprise, is engaged in the artistic processing of linden, birch, juniper, alder, and caporoot. The assortment consists of about 350 items, including boxes of various shapes and sizes, chests, caskets, individual kitchen items, panels, photo frames, and board games.

A master from the city of Urzhum, Valery Anatolyevich Zabolotsky, has been engaged in geometric carving for 25 years. Even as a child, Valery Anatolyevich became interested in folk crafts: wood carving, bast weaving, and wicker weaving, and devoted his entire life to his favorite pastimes. The master passes on his craft to the younger generation, conducting classes at the “Center for Further Education” in the city of Urzhum for 18 years. Valery Zabolotsky considers his personal achievement to be the fact that most of the graduates of his association “Wood Carving” connected their lives with geometric carving, and this craft became the main source of income in their lives. In 2007, by decision of the Artistic Expert Council on Folk Arts and Crafts of the Kirov Region, Valery Zabolotsky was awarded the status of a master of folk arts and crafts of the Kirov Region.

Volumetric thread

Many Vyatka churches have preserved iconostases - monuments of monumental and applied art. They owe their high artistic value to the skill of local woodcarvers. Canonical requirements, metropolitan stylistic trends and local artistic preferences determined the appearance of original works in Vyatka art.

Stone churches, which began to be built on Vyatka land from the end of the 17th century, were decorated with a traditional high Russian iconostasis, both tyablo and carved in the “Moscow Baroque” style.

The earliest surviving and outstanding monument of local monumental decorative and applied art of the late 17th - early 18th centuries is the iconostasis of the Assumption Cathedral of the Vyatka Trifonov Monastery. The wooden, gilded, five-tiered iconostasis is distinguished by a high level of professional execution and is a rare example of “Flemish carving.”

The popular type of Vyatka iconostasis of the second half of the 18th century uses the technique of impulsive growth of forms towards the center and upward while maintaining a high-rise tiered structure. Another type of local iconostasis is more static in the overall design of the outlines of the structures. Columns are introduced into the division, and the sculptural design is preserved.

The establishment of the principles of classicism in the architecture of Vyatka iconostases at the beginning of the 19th century led to the appearance of the triumphal arch motif in many compositions. The arch motif became an indispensable motif of Vyatka classical iconostases. An arched arc was placed above the royal doors, enhancing their significance in the composition.

The work on decorating iconostasis with carvings was less regulated than the work of an icon painter or an architect. The decorative design of iconostasis with carvings was carried out by craftsmen in accordance with their tastes, especially in the case when the overall composition was created by a carver. Working on the iconostasis along the architectural “facade”, the master could develop his creative imagination within the boundaries of the “area” allocated to him, embodying “wooden patterns” in various variations. Masters submitted samples of their skills in the form of drawings to the consistory for approval.

Strict iconostasis of the classicist style, decorated with an order, were built at the end of the 19th century, although since the 1860s, under the influence of eclectic romanticism, the interiors of Vyatka churches have changed. The iconostasis becomes magnificent: in some cases light and delicate, in others - heavy and rough, but always craftsmanlike.

For centuries, Vyatka iconostases testify to the talent of local craftsmen who create original, always luxurious and complex in the nature of decorations and graceful work. Their intricate forms revealed folk aesthetic ideas, which gave rise to the Dymkovo toy and the patterns of Kukar lace.

The glorious traditions of Vyatka iconostasis carvers have been continued since 1986 by the Kirov furniture studio “Aristokrat” (until 2011, the Palmetta enterprise). Over the years, the company’s specialists have designed, manufactured and installed dozens of iconostases in churches in various cities of Russia.

Slotted or sawn thread

This kind of carving is also called through, openwork for its external resemblance to lace. Its elements do not have a background as such and often do not have internal areas of the figures - all this is cut out (cut - hence the name) with a jigsaw or saw. Numerous jagged and stepped ornaments decorated the platbands and pediments of houses, and also framed entrances above doors, staircase railings and porch cornices.

Russian peasant housing combined practicality and extraordinary beauty. Various architectural details carried a certain figurative meaning (ancient functions of a talisman) and at the same time played a decorative role. For example, the need to close the gaps that inevitably arise between the log wall of the house and the window frame gave rise to the appearance of platbands, which decorate the house and are its kind of border with the outside world.

Among our contemporaries - master carvers, one can name the name of Gennady Yakovlevich Lopatin. He decorates the museums of the city of Kirov with his works in sawn carvings. Thus, for the house-museum of the writer Saltykov-Shchedrin, the master made a gate, a well, a swing, and for the museum-estate of the artist Nikolai Khokhryakov, a gazebo was decorated with carvings. There are carved works by the master in the areas of the Kirov region, as well as in other cities of Russia (Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Kaluga, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, St. Petersburg). In 2008, Gennady Lopatin, by decision of the Artistic Expert Council on Folk Arts and Crafts of the Kirov Region, was awarded the status of a master of folk arts and crafts of the Kirov Region.

Since ancient times, people have treated wood with gratitude and respect.

It is quite natural that wood carving is widespread in our country as a decorative art. Russia is a huge country of endless forests with centuries-old oak forests, pine forests and light birch groves. The tree has no equal in its breadth of application.

Russian craftsmen, using a knife ax and other auxiliary tools, made everything necessary for life: houses, bridges, windmills, fortress walls, churches, tools, ships, sleighs, carts, dishes, furniture, children's toys and much more.

In addition, wood was much more docile than stone. With the help of simple tools, people built their own houses and made hunting and plowing tools. They also quickly learned to use wood as a basis for creating beautiful things.

The huge role that the tree played in the history of human development made people idolize this gift of nature. In many cultures, the tree has been worshiped for thousands of years; it was credited with the role of a channel through which the forces of earth and sky flow. The tree was deified because it faithfully stored on its surface requests and prayers to the gods, the appearance of people, plants and animals.

Wooden products were “native” - warm, reliable, comfortable, beautiful.

Various museums around the world house monuments to the art of wood carving.

The oldest of them, the Shigir idol, was found in Russia, near Yekaterinburg. Scientists believe that it was created in the 8th millennium BC; this idol is older than the Egyptian pyramids. But the matter is not only in antiquity - on the surface of the idol there are clearly visible writings, which, according to researchers, tell about how our distant ancestors saw the world.

Traditional household items in Russia, carved from wood, with expressive shapes, were then covered with rich carved ornaments or artistic paintings, which symbolized the world around the master. Plants, animals, scenes of work and rest - such painting pointed to the main motifs of wooden carvings in Russia.

In the XIX century, a direction in carved folk art, the so-called house carving, was formed. Businessmen everywhere in Rus' began to decorate peasant houses with openwork carvings with a beautiful ridge on the roof; such houses resembled fairy-tale huts.

Each craftsman has his own carving, which is in no way similar to the neighboring one. Geometric lace, graceful curls, intricate rosettes, figurines of lions, mermaids, magical birds and animals - all this put carved decor on the level of world architecture.

Many years have passed, humanity has invented a huge number of new building materials, tools and household items, but wood still remains a favorite material.

Nowadays, it is increasingly possible to see the construction of a house made of wood; these are wooden houses made of solid and laminated timber, logs, log cabins made of hand-cut logs, rounded logs, and many types of frame construction, although some of them are half wooden.

Wooden houses that preserve the natural beauty of wood carry a positive emotional charge.

But not only houses and baths, but also the crafts with which we decorate our homes, we happily wear wooden jewelry.

And this is possible because the art of wood carving is still alive today.

Wood carving's roots go back centuries. It is difficult to establish the time of production of the first cult symbols - idols, stylized images of animals, celestial bodies. Many such products served as a kind of talismans; they were believed in and worshiped. Echoes of those times remain today. Beautifully made carved wooden souvenirs are available in abundance in the market. They are especially widespread in the tourism business.

And in household use, carved products are in great demand. If we touch upon wooden house construction, then we can talk about a whole industry of wooden architecture, thanks to which each house acquires an individual architectural appearance. This can be clearly seen if we touch upon the history of wooden house-building in the Russian North, the Urals, and Siberia. Some houses can serve as classic examples, masterpieces for all time. At the same time, such masterpieces were made using the simplest tools - an ax, a saw, a carpenter's chisel. Over time, tools for woodcarvers have been improved and modified. Machines appeared that were able to embody the most complex patterns in wood. But as before, the handiwork of the carver represents incomparable crafts, which have no analogues either in style or manner of execution.

Sometimes carved crafts reach such refinement that they are comparable to lace products. This is especially true of multi-layered pierced carving, especially if it includes raised fragments. Everything we have said so far is directly related to house carving. This includes household items, carved furniture, interior decoration of the house and its external design. But artistic carving has just as deep roots, in particular such a direction as sculptural carving. How can one not recall the epic boats with the obligatory image of the head of a mythological bird or dragon, or even an entire statue, most often of a woman. These were the same talismans of sailors on their difficult and dangerous voyages. These rather large mythical creatures were made from a single piece of tree trunk. The head, as a rule, was composite. All of the listed signs tell us about products of sculptural carving.

It is believed that the biography of sculptural carvings has a pronounced “marine” origin. It was only later that the sculptural carving migrated to land. The question may arise as to why the most ancient products of gods and idols, which were also made from a single piece of a tree trunk on land, are not taken into account. But the fact is that such products could not be called sculptural carvings in the full sense of the word due to the primitiveness of their execution. Over time, ship products acquired more and more artistic forms, were enriched with “overseas” innovations and became real works of art.

By the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, the predominant trend was its form, such as slotted carving. It was she who made the exterior design of the house most expressive and, to some extent, “airy.” It was she who made it possible to achieve that degree of sophistication that allows comparison with lace products, which we mentioned earlier. In relation to household items, turning products (including kitchen items) that are decorated with geometric, relief or contour carvings turned out to be the most practical. The primitive lathes that were initially used have now turned into compact, high-performance products that give the carver the opportunity to obtain an excellent workpiece for its artistic design. Thus, traditional Russian turning utensils not only did not become a thing of the past, but were also revived in higher quality and a variety of styles.

The world of carving with all its directions, styles, and techniques is tempting and diverse. Above all, this is an introduction to nature. Communion in the sense that the carver deals with wood, a material unique in its diversity, created by nature. The carver also draws themes and subjects for embodiment in wood from observations of nature, whose fantasies are inexhaustible.

Anyone who cares about beauty and perfection, who would like to increase achievements in this direction, make their life, the life of their loved ones more beautiful, and pleasantly surprise others can enter this world.

People have had the need to decorate household items for a long time.

It so happened that Rus' is a country of forests. And such a fertile material as wood was always at hand.

With the help of an ax, a knife and some other auxiliary tools, a person provided himself with everything necessary for: life: he erected housing and outbuildings, bridges and windmills, fortress walls and towers, churches, made machines and tools, ships and boats, sleighs and carts , furniture, dishes, children's toys and much more.

On holidays and leisure hours, he entertained his soul with his rollicking tunes on wooden musical instruments: balalaikas, pipes, violins, and whistles.

Even ingenious and reliable door locks were made from wood. One of these castles is kept in the State Historical Museum in Moscow. It was made by a master woodworker back in the 18th century, lovingly decorated with triangular-notched carvings! (This is one of the names of geometric carvings,)

The master tried to add a piece of beauty to each product. First of all, great attention was paid to shape and proportions. For each product, wood was selected taking into account its physical and mechanical properties. If the beautiful texture (pattern) of wood itself could decorate the products, then they tried to identify and emphasize it.

Wood products with a weak texture were most often painted or decorated with carvings.

Geometric carving is the most ancient way of decorating wood products. Wooden ships, huts, furniture, dishes, looms and spinning wheels were decorated with carvings.

It is made in the form of recesses: two-, three- and tetrahedral, the combination of which gives a fancy pattern on the surface of the wood.

Archaeologists find an ornament (an artistic decoration, a pattern consisting of a number of rhythmically ordered elements) depicting geometric bodies on pottery dating back to the Minoan era (3-2 thousand BC). These are all kinds of combinations of triangles, diamond shapes, twisted lines, dots, curls, etc.

Each geometric figure in folk art has its own meaning, its own symbolism:

- a rosette with rays or just a circle - a symbol of the sun, life;

Spiral - whirlwind, anxiety, storm;

A drop is water, grain, a symbol of life;

A cell is a field, any space;

Rhombus - power, strength, luck;

Cross - man, soul;

The point is the fundamental principle of everything;

Vertical line - elevation;

Horizontal line - peace, tranquility;

- wavy line - movement;

- broken line - confrontation.

It is appropriate to say that in our folk culture these symbols go back to the pre-Christian period, when pagan gods were still revered in Rus'.

With the help of geometric carvings, magic spells were composed that protected our ancestors from various misfortunes.

For example, it was believed that the image of a bird on any household utensil brings happiness.

If they slaughtered a horse, they also waited for God’s grace in the house. Such a horse with magical signs was called a talisman.” Such objects protected a person and his home from all kinds of troubles.

In the old days they thought that every living creature has a spirit that controls it, this creature. There were house spirits, forest spirits, and horse spirits.

To appease such a spirit and so that it would protect the horse for a year, it was necessary to make an idol (a figurine of a horse). But it had to be done only in 365 touches of the knife to the tree (how many days in a year), while casting spells. If you make an idol in 360 touches, then the owner’s horse will remain defenseless for five days a year. If you touched the idol with a knife even one more time, the spells lost their power altogether. It was considered a great sin to reveal the secret of a conspiracy, magic words, or initiate a minor into the sacraments.

And the idol depicted in the picture guarded the village. They performed it with fifty-two touches of the instrument (according to the number of weeks in a year) and placed it on a high pole (4-5 meters) at the entrance to the village in order to protect its inhabitants from natural disasters, diseases, and robbers.

Pagan faith (belief in the existence of a variety of gods and spirits) was also reflected in the construction of dwellings. Thus, the gable roof of a Slavic house symbolized the daily movement of the sun across the sky. With the help of geometric carvings they depicted the heavenly body passing its path from sunrise to sunset. The average position of the sun - noon - was represented in a larger and more multifaceted way. A horizontal board with hanging drops meant heavenly abysses.

Later, home decorations lose their mythological background. The carved details of the house begin to have only a decorative character.

When decorating the outside of the house, craftsmen did not forget about the household items that they used every day: a table, a bench, a shelf, a cutting board, a spoon, a salt shaker. And here geometric carving had an advantage over other types of carving.

Spoons were distinguished by a wide variety of decorative finishes, and this is no wonder. After all, a spoon is the main “tool” on the table. And we need it every day.

Even when spoons began to be made of metal, the wooden spoon was not consigned to oblivion, since it had considerable advantages over its metal “sister.” And above all, it did not burn its owner's mouth. Each family member only owned his own spoon, so it had its own distinctive design. And this was done for reasons of hygiene - “so that jams do not fall” (jams were sores in the corners of the mouth that appeared as a result of the indiscriminate use of one spoon by many family members),

In this regard, you might be interested to know that Peter I, when going on a trip to Europe, always took with him personal cutlery (spoon, fork, knife). The hosts who received the guest of honor were offended by this, but the king put his health first and did not want to risk it in vain.

Initially, each peasant, in addition to his main labor - work in the field - was engaged in building a house, improving his home, and manufacturing household items. But gradually there was a division of labor. And those craftsmen who could build a house better than others, carve a spoon, make wooden utensils, left work in the fields and began to earn their living by carpentry and carpentry. And from this environment, carvers emerged and united in artels.

It is known that back in the 10th century there were carving workshops in Kyiv that were engaged in decorative finishing of homes and household items.

And at the beginning of the 16th century, special palace workshops were organized in the Kremlin, which marked the beginning of the creation of the armory,

In the 18th century, a large number of master carvers took part in the construction of St. Petersburg and the work of decorating palace ensembles.

It should be noted that the development of carving art was not always supported by the state. In the 19th century, when Russia embarked on the path of capitalist development, rich people, philanthropists, allocated significant sums to support people's talents. It is appropriate to mention the name of the manager of the Yaroslavl railway, a brilliant businessman, millionaire Savva Ivanovich Mamontov. Savva Ivanovich was a comprehensively gifted person; He sang beautifully, played the piano, was a sculptor and playwright, and was involved in directing. And in addition to all this, he had a magnificent gift for recognizing talent. One can name dozens of names representing the pride of our culture of the 19th century, whom Mamontov helped financially during the development of their skills and who were under his tutelage. Polenov, Repin, Vasnetsov, Serov, Vrubel, Chaliapin, Levitan, Rachmaninov - many more famous names could be remembered, but these are quite enough to be filled with deepest gratitude to Savva Ivanovich Mamontov.

With his funds, the “Mamontov Circle” was also created, whose members built a carpentry workshop and decided to introduce the children of the villages nearby the Mamontov estate to folk crafts. The guys studied in the workshop for free and after three years, having received a workbench and a set of tools as a gift, they began to work independently. Brothers Vasya and Misha Vornoskov studied among them.

Subsequently, Vasily Petrovich Vornoskov becomes the most famous carver. During the Soviet period, he organized several personal exhibitions in our country and abroad, created the Renaissance carving artel, which has now been transformed into the Abramtsevo Art and Industrial School, where masters of folk art crafts are trained. In addition, Vornoskov’s name is associated with the creation of the so-called Kudrin carving, which is a type of relief carving.

Currently, the art of wood carving has become widespread not only in rural areas, but also in cities. Thus, in Moscow and St. Petersburg there are children's and adult arts and crafts groups that nurture new generations of carving masters. This fact suggests that truly folk art will never die. Well, you, dear reader, can make your contribution to the development of this type of art by mastering the lessons of geometric carving.