If you think physics is a boring and unnecessary subject, then you are deeply mistaken. Our entertaining physics will tell you why a bird sitting on a power line does not die from electric shock, and a person caught in quicksand cannot drown in it. You will find out whether there really are no two identical snowflakes in nature and whether Einstein was a poor student at school.

10 interesting facts from the world of physics

Now we will answer questions that concern many people.

Why does a train driver back up before moving off?

This is all due to the force of static friction, under the influence of which the train cars are standing motionless. If the locomotive simply moves forward, it may not move the train. Therefore, it slightly pushes them back, reducing the static friction force to zero, and then accelerates them, but in a different direction.

Are there identical snowflakes?

Most sources claim that there are no identical snowflakes in nature, since their formation is influenced by several factors: air humidity and temperature, as well as the flight path of the snow. However, interesting physics says: it is possible to create two snowflakes of the same configuration.

This was experimentally confirmed by researcher Karl Libbrecht. Having created absolutely identical conditions in the laboratory, he obtained two externally identical snow crystals. True, it should be noted: their crystal lattice was still different.

Where in the Solar System are the largest reserves of water?

You'll never guess! The largest reservoir of water resources in our system is the Sun. The water there is in the form of steam. Its highest concentration is found in places we call “sunspots.” Scientists even calculated: in these areas the temperature is one and a half thousand degrees lower than in other areas of our hot star.

What invention of Pythagoras was created to combat alcoholism?

According to legend, Pythagoras, in order to limit the consumption of wine, made a mug that could be filled with an intoxicating drink only to a certain level. As soon as you exceeded the norm by even a drop, the entire contents of the mug flowed out. This invention is based on the law of communicating vessels. The curved channel in the center of the mug does not allow it to be filled to the brim, “riding” the container of all contents when the liquid level is above the bend of the channel.

Is it possible to turn water from a conductor into a dielectric?

Interesting physics says: it’s possible. Current conductors are not the water molecules themselves, but the salts contained in it, or rather their ions. If they are removed, the liquid will lose its ability to conduct electricity and become an insulator. In other words, distilled water is a dielectric.

How to survive a falling elevator?

Many people think that you need to jump when the cabin hits the ground. However, this opinion is incorrect, since it is impossible to predict when the landing will occur. Therefore, entertaining physics gives another advice: lie with your back on the floor of the elevator, trying to maximize the area of ​​​​contact with it. In this case, the force of the impact will not be directed to one area of ​​the body, but will be evenly distributed over the entire surface - this will significantly increase your chances of survival.

Why doesn't a bird sitting on a high voltage wire die from electric shock?

Birds' bodies do not conduct electricity well. By touching the wire with its paws, the bird creates a parallel connection, but since it is not the best conductor, charged particles do not move through it, but along the cable conductors. But if the bird comes into contact with a grounded object, it will die.

The mountains are closer to the heat source than the plains, but at their peaks it is much colder. Why?

This phenomenon has a very simple explanation. The transparent atmosphere allows the sun's rays to pass through without hindrance, without absorbing their energy. But the soil absorbs heat well. It is from this that the air then warms up. Moreover, the higher its density, the better it retains the thermal energy received from the earth. But high in the mountains the atmosphere becomes rarefied, and therefore less heat is retained in it.

Can quicksand suck you in?

There are often scenes in films where people “drown” in quicksand. In real life, says entertaining physics, this is impossible. You won’t be able to get out of a sandy swamp on your own, because to pull out just one leg, you’ll have to put in as much effort as it takes to lift a medium-weight passenger car. But you won’t be able to drown either, since you’re dealing with a non-Newtonian fluid.

Rescuers advise in such cases not to make sudden movements, lie down with your back down, spread your arms to the sides and wait for help.

Does nothing exist in nature, watch the video:

Amazing incidents from the lives of famous physicists

Outstanding scientists are mostly fanatics of their field, capable of anything for the sake of science. For example, Isaac Newton, trying to explain the mechanism of perception of light by the human eye, was not afraid to experiment on himself. He inserted a thin ivory probe into the eye while pressing on the back of the eyeball. As a result, the scientist saw rainbow circles in front of him and thus proved: the world we see is nothing more than the result of light pressure on the retina.

Russian physicist Vasily Petrov, who lived in the early 19th century and studied electricity, cut off the top layer of skin on his fingers to increase their sensitivity. At that time, there were no ammeters and voltmeters that made it possible to measure the strength and power of current, and the scientist had to do it by touch.

The reporter asked A. Einstein whether he writes down his great thoughts, and if he writes them down, where - in a notebook, a notebook or a special card index. Einstein looked at the reporter’s voluminous notebook and said: “My dear! Real thoughts come to mind so rarely that it is not difficult to remember them.”

But the Frenchman Jean-Antoine Nollet preferred to experiment on others. Conducting an experiment in the mid-18th century to calculate the speed of transmission of electric current, he connected 200 monks with metal wires and passed voltage through them. All participants in the experiment twitched almost simultaneously, and Nolle concluded: the current runs through the wires very, very quickly.

Almost every schoolchild knows the story that the great Einstein was a poor student in his childhood. However, in fact, Albert studied very well, and his knowledge of mathematics was much deeper than what the school curriculum required.

When the young talent tried to enter the Higher Polytechnic School, he scored the highest score in the core subjects - mathematics and physics, but in other disciplines he had a slight deficiency. On this basis he was refused admission. The next year, Albert showed excellent results in all subjects, and at the age of 17 he became a student.

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CLASS! physics for the curious

PHYSICS! What a capacity of words! PHYSICS! It's not just sound for us! PHYSICS is the support and basis of all sciences without exception! (words of student song)

An ancient Greek scientist who discovered the condition of equilibrium of a lever An Italian scientist who discovered the law of inertia An ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, studied at Plato's Academy in Athens, was the tutor of King Philip of Macedonia for his son Alexander (the future commander), founded his own school in Athens - the Peripatetics, and outlined his own ideas in his treatises ideas about nature and movement. Name the scientist Archimedes Aristotle. Galileo 1. 2. 3.

“Find the odd one out” Physical phenomenon: boiling water, snowing, electric spark force Physical body: icicle, water, drop, piece of ice. Physical quantity: mass force power wind Substance: rubber plastic ball plasticine TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE TRUE TRUE

A device for measuring force A device for measuring pressure greater and less than atmospheric A device for measuring the density of a liquid DYNAMOMETER MANOMETER AREOMETER

What does physics study? 5 10 15 20 Physical quantities 10 15 20 Observations and experiments 10 20

English The language from which the word “PHYSICS” came to us Latin German Greek TRUE FALSE NOT TRUE FALSE

NOT TRUE NOT TRUE TRUE NOT TRUE Which scientist introduced the word “physics” in Russia 2. LOMONOSOV 3. MENDELEEV 4. EINSTEIN 1. ARISTOTLE

FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE Which of the following is not a mechanical phenomenon? WATER FLOW THROUGH PIPES ROTATION OF THE EARTH AROUND ITS AXIS BOILING OF WATER MOVEMENT OF AN AIRPLANE 1 3 2 4

Thermal phenomena include the glow of the sun; reflection of light from mirrors; melting of ice; the influence of the Earth on the compass needle. NOT TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE TRUE

The unit of length taken as the base unit in SI is: ARSHIN KILOMETER METER MILE NOT CORRECT CORRECT INCORRECT INCORRECT

The SI base unit of mass is: GRAM POUND KILOGRAM TON NOT CORRECT NOT CORRECT NOT CORRECT CORRECT

The unit of time accepted as the base unit in SI is: HOUR OF DAY SECOND LIGHT YEAR NOT CORRECT NOT CORRECT NOT CORRECT CORRECT

How can you describe observation and experience in one word? CONTEMPLATION LEARNING PROOF RESEARCH NOT TRUE NOT TRUE NOT TRUE TRUE

Build a logical chain of events as a result of which knowledge is born HYPOTHESIS EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

FROZENS FROM A BARREL

KEROSENE, BECAUSE THE DENSITY IS MORE DENSITIVE, THE WATERLINE IS NONE OF AIR, THE PEAS DO NOT GO TO FREEZE IT How can you carry water in a sieve? How many peas can fit into a 0.2 liter glass? It goes through the nose, the chest, and goes the other way. It is invisible and yet we cannot live without it. The depth to which the ship sinks. Two identical barrels are filled with gasoline and kerosene. Which fuel has more mass? Red line on board the ship 1 2 3 4 5 6 Select question no.

“WE WENT THROUGH THIS...” 10 15 20 25 5 30 35 40

In what situation is a person in a state of weightlessness? WHILE IN THE BASKET OF A FLYING BALLOON HANGING, GRABING BY A CHANDELIER UNDER THE CEILING JUMPING WHEN SWIMMING UNDER WATER CORRECT

Who was awarded the Nobel Prize twice? PIERRE CURIE MARIE SKLODOWSKA-CURIE IRENE JOLIO-CURIE FREDERIC JOLIO-CURIE CORRECT

When a soap bubble is blown, it turns different colors. What phenomenon is observed? DIFFRACTION DISPERSION POLARIZATION INTERFERENCE CORRECT

They say about smart people - “seven spans in the forehead.” So which physicist is smarter if the width of his forehead is... 7 INCHES A SPATH WITH A HALF-FOOT TUMPLER 3 VERCHES CORRECT

What particles were discovered first? QUARKS ELECTRONS NEUTRONS NEUTRIO CORRECT

You opened the refrigerator door. What will happen to the temperature in the room? NOTHING WILL LOW FIRST WILL LOW, THEN WILL INCREASE WILL INCREASE CORRECT

If you put a piece of sugar into a glass of water and dissolve it, can you get a piece of sugar in the glass again? YES, IF YOU HEAT THE SWEET SOLUTION YES, IF YOU COOL THE SWEET SOLUTION YES, IF YOU HEAT UP QUICKLY THEN COOL IT WILL NEVER WORK RIGHT

This special item will instantly tell you the answer whether to take your umbrella or not. Question: What's in the black box? BAROMETER

Physics in mysteries

From a hot well, through the nose, water flows MECHANICS It walks and walks along the sea, and when it reaches the shore, it disappears. In a round house, in a window. The sisters walk along the path. The younger one is in no hurry, but the eldest one is in a hurry. Without arms, without legs, she prowls the field, sings and whistles, breaks trees, bends grass to the ground. Two sisters swayed, sought the truth, and when they achieved it, the wave stopped, the clock hands wind scales kettle

THERMAL PHENOMENA It curls around your nose, but you can’t get your hands on it. What can’t you see in the hut? In winter it warms, In spring it smolders, In summer it dies, In autumn it comes to life Pure and clear as a diamond, There are no roads, He was born from his mother, He gives birth to her himself There is a commotion in the yard: Peas are falling from the sky. Nina ate six peas, She now has a sore throat SMELL OF HEAT SNOW ICE HAIL

Electrodynamics An arrow of fire flies, no one can catch it: neither the king, nor the queen, nor the beautiful maiden. The heavenly horse gallops, fire pours from under its feet. Without wings, without a body, it has flown a thousand miles. Along the paths I run, I can’t live without paths. Where am I, guys, no light in the house? The house is a glass bubble. And a light lives in it! During the day he sleeps, but when he wakes up, he will light up with a bright flame. lightning thunder and lightning radio wave electric current light bulb

Optics If it comes into the house, you can’t drive it out with a stake, When it comes, it will go away on its own. A white cat climbs into the window. I have no heat, no fire, no ashes, but I burn through a lot. It lies on the ground: I can’t paint it over, I can’t scrape it off, I can’t fill it up. What is this? He doesn’t have his own eyes, but he sees far away a ray of light, a sunbeam, a lens, a shadow, binoculars

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1. Before you take a cigarette, think and think, because...

Smokers “smoke out” annually, i.e. emit 720 tons of hydrocyanic acid, 384,000 tons of ammonia, 108,000 tons of nicotine, 600,000 tons of tar and more than 550 tons of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere.

The total mass of cigarette butts on Earth per year is 2,520,000 tons.

Tobacco smoke that envelops the earth blocks ultraviolet rays.

On average, 25% of all types of substances contained in tobacco burn and are destroyed during smoking, 50 goes into the environment, 20 enters the smoker’s body and only 5% remains in the cigarette or cigarette filter.

The overall toxicity of tobacco smoke is 4.5 times higher than the toxicity of car exhaust gases. Smoking just one cigarette has the same effect on the body as being near a major highway for 16 hours.

Staying for 1 hour in a closed, smoky room for a non-smoker is equivalent to smoking 4 cigarettes.

The temperature of tobacco smoke is 35 - 40 degrees higher than the temperature of the air entering the mouth when smoking, which causes a sharp temperature change in the mouth. When smoking one cigarette, 15-20 such changes occur, which has a bad effect on the condition of tooth enamel, it cracks. This is why teeth begin to decay earlier and faster in smokers than in non-smokers.

Systematic smoking causes a narrowing of capillary vessels, including in the heart, which contributes to the development of coronary artery disease.

Smoking takes 8-10 years of a person’s life1.

Studies have shown that in people who constantly inhale cigarette smoke, the cells of the mucous membrane of the bronchi and stomach undergo gross changes in their internal structure. Cells begin to decay, and this is one of the first changes on the path to the formation of a cancerous tumor.

Based on the findings of the World Health Organization, among patients with cancer in various forms, 95% smoke, and therefore the mortality rate in smokers is 20 times higher than in non-smokers2.

To make physics more accessible to children, V.I. Elkin, Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation, Slobodskaya Secondary School No. 5, Kirov Region, offers these unconventional approaches:

2. Physical phenomena in folk wisdom.

. "A lot of snow - a lot of bread." Why? (Snow has poor thermal conductivity, i.e. snow is a “coat” for the earth, it retains its heat: frost will not reach winter crops, it will protect them from freezing)

. “The plow shines from work.” And why? (During operation, the surface of the plow experiences a large force of friction against the ground, as a result the surface is ground, polished, and becomes shiny)

. “Quiet water washes away the shores.” Explain the physical phenomenon. (Between the individual layers of water flowing in the river, there is friction, which is called internal. In this regard, the speed of water flow in different sections of the cross-section of the river bed is not the same. The largest is in the middle of the channel, the smallest at the banks. The friction force not only slows down the water , but also acts on the shore, tearing out particles of soil, and thereby washes it away)

. “It creaks like an unoiled cart.” And why? (No lubrication - friction is high, it causes vibrations on the cart axis, and a creaking sound appears)

. “You can’t wash off tar without lard.” Explain this proverb. (Lard has greater surface activity than tar; it displaces the tar film from the washed surface due to surface tension forces)

. “Frozen as if at the bottom of the sea.” Why is it always cold on the seabed? (The sun's rays do not warm up the deep layers of water: thermal, infrared rays are almost all absorbed by the water surface. In addition, water has a relatively low thermal conductivity).

. “Without a lid, a samovar does not boil; without a mother, a child does not frolic.” Why does a samovar without a lid take a long time to boil? (When the lid is open, some of the molecules with high kinetic energy will fly away from the surface of the water, taking energy with them)

. “As it comes around, so it will respond” What law of physics is this? (Newton's third law)

. “A horseman on foot is not a companion.” What are we talking about? (About speed)

Listen to the lines of A. S. Pushkin:

Tidier than fashionable parquet

The river shines, covered in ice.

Boys are a joyful people

Skates cut the ice noisily.

Why do skates “cut ice”? (“They cut the ice,” that is, they glide easily on the ice. The blades of the skates are thin, so the pressure on the ice is high. Under pressure, the ice melts, good lubrication is formed. The friction coefficient becomes small, with little effort, the boys move quickly)

Listen to an excerpt from A. A. Fet’s poem “Blizzard”:

Everything is silent - a splinter with a crash

It only burns with a crimson shine,

Yes, the wind is rustling on the roof.

Why does the torch “burn with a bang”? (Because with high humidity, wooden objects become damp. When burning, moisture from wood evaporates intensely, increasing in volume, the steam breaks the wood fibers with a crash)

3. Riddles about natural phenomena.

Runs without legs, burns without fire. (Electricity)

Like the Sun burns, it flies faster than the wind, the road lies in the air, and has no equal in strength. (Lightning)

He walks and walks along the sea, but when he reaches the shore, he disappears. (Sea wave)

It curls around the nose, but is not easy to handle. (Smell)

Without wings, without a body, she flew a thousand miles. (Radio wave)