Options vpr 5th grade for preparation.

Option 1

Rewrite the text, opening the brackets and inserting missing letters and punctuation marks where necessary.

Thief..beat(3) (H/h)iv and his girlfriend (f/h)ka (H/h)uka complicated..li gn..zdo(1) in the crack (under) the cornice. They lined it with feathers and rags. P.. it was modest but cozy.

Suddenly - skri(b/p), skri(b/p). What's happening... In the lift... the plasterer approaches the eaves and its shovel begins... to make cracks.

This is where it began. All the thieves (from) the surrounding roofs are jumping to him..t (at) all the townspeople are scolding the plasterer. But they (don’t) understand their language... they cover up... the cracks and (from) the thieves... they brush them off... (To) help.. (to) him another painter came. AND floors(2) down (with) clothes and rags (4) .

Funds, call, cement, quarter

Above each word write what part of speech it is. Write down which parts of speech you know are missing from the sentence.

The wonderful star turned into a round drop.

Write a sentence with direct speech. (No punctuation has been included.) Add the necessary punctuation. Outline your proposal.

1) Why don’t you want to become Deniska’s boxer anymore?

6. Write out a sentence that requires a comma/commas. (Punctuation inside sentences are not arranged.) Write on what basis you made your choice.

1) The sails swelled from the wind and accelerated the rapid speed of the ship. 2) Since childhood, the boy dreamed of long voyages on an ancient frigate. 3) The long-awaited ship appeared in the sea and immediately disappeared in the twilight. 4) The boy completed the model of the sailing ship, glued the masts to it and oars.

Write down a sentence that requires a comma. (Punctuation marks are not placed inside the sentences.) Write on what basis you made your choice.

1) Bees rush to the fragrant linden trees and stock up on sweet nectar. 2) A ray of sun appeared from behind a cloud and the top of the pine tree sparkled with pink light. 3) Blue puddles reflect the clouds and sparkle slightly under the rays of the setting sun. 4) A heavy bumblebee rises from a flower and slowly moves to the next one.

-12. Text 2

(1) We all consider iron to be a durable material. (2) It’s not for nothing that grandiose bridges and train stations are built almost entirely from iron. (3) But this most durable material is at the same time the most fragile. (4) The iron bridge can easily support heavy carriages. (5) But he is afraid of the slightest dampness, rain, fog. (6) The more dampness there is in the air, the sooner the iron dies from rust. (7) Rust is that “disease” that quietly destroys the most durable iron structures. (8) This is why so few ancient iron products have reached us.

(9) How to save iron from dampness? (10)Keep it dry? (11) But there are things that cannot always be kept dry. (12) The kettle, bathtub, bucket willy-nilly get wet. (13) And an iron roof is even more difficult to save from dampness. (14) You won’t wipe it with a towel after the rain!

(15) The surest way to save iron from rust is to cover it with a layer of another substance that does not allow moisture to pass through. (16) For example, a layer of tin. (17) It turns out beautiful tinplate, from which candy jars, canned food boxes and inexpensive teapots are made. (According to M. Ilyin)

Identify and write down the main idea of ​​the text.

How to save iron from dampness? Write down your answer.

10. Determine what type of speech is presented in sentences 9-14 of the text. Write down your answer.

11. In sentences 1−5, find a word with the meaning “Strong, difficult to destroy or spoil.” Write this word down.

12. In sentences 3-8, find a synonym for the word “building” and write it down.

Option 2

1. Rewrite the text, opening the brackets, inserting missing letters and punctuation marks where necessary.

(H/v)olodya st..yal ( y)window 3 and see..trel (into) the yard 4 . (In) the yard the dog (P/n)olkan was warming up (on) the sun. (To him encouraged 2 happy.. tiny.. pug and began to (at) him to.. date.. Xia. The baby..lo(h/f)ko hv..tal (F/p) grabbed his paws with his teeth.. muzzle. He (did not) give rest to the big..dogs... . (V/v)olodya saw this and decided that (L/n)olkan would be angry. But the pug continued to play, and (P/n)olkan l..sting 1 calmly.

(V/v)olodya was pleased with this. Dad explained to the boy the behavior of (P/n)olkan. Why is he not angry? The dog knows that the big and strong are ashamed to hug the small and weak.

2. Perform language analysis:

Place the accent mark in the following words

Leisure, shop, got it, document

Above each word write what part of speech it is. Write down which parts of speech you know are missing from the sentence.

Bright flowers in a flowerbed sway in a light breeze.

Write a sentence with direct speech. (There is no punctuation included.) Add any necessary punctuation. Outline your proposal.

1) According to Deniska, there is nothing worse in the world than semolina porridge

2) Deniska firmly said that he doesn’t like this semolina porridge

3) Deniska stubbornly droned. I can’t see the semolina porridge.

4) Why didn’t you touch Deniska’s plate of porridge?

Write down a sentence that requires a comma/commas. (There are no punctuation marks inside sentences.) Write on what basis you made your choice.

1) In mid-March, the snow still lay in drifts in the forests and shady ravines. 2) The wind brings the fresh June smell of herbs and river coolness. 3) Suddenly a black cloud fell on the blue flax field like a cold shower. 4) The cloud rose like a gray-blue wall and slowly absorbed the clear blue of the sky.

Write down a sentence that requires a comma. (There are no punctuation marks inside sentences.) Write on what basis you made your choice.

1)White clouds float across the sky and imperceptibly dissolve in the transparent blue. 2) The sun is already sinking to the horizon and its slanting rays are spreading far away. 3) The old oak groves are illuminated by the sun and turn purple with gentle tones. 4) Raindrops fell to the ground and splashed heavily on the burdock leaves.

Read text 2 and complete tasks 8-12.

Text 2

(1) In 1931, a metro was built in Moscow. (2) The builders were building a tunnel underground and suddenly came across watery ground. (3) The soil is soft, but you can’t take it at all: water oozes all around, runs in streams. (4) What to do?

(5) They began to think about how to build the tunnel and suggested different methods. (6) It was either expensive or unreliable, but you can’t take risks: there are people and cars underground. (7) The miners helped the builders: they had already built tunnels in such dangerous soil before. (8) They froze the underground swamp using refrigeration machines, and it became completely hard. (9) And then they built the tunnel as usual, only the walls were strengthened more firmly. (10) When the ground thawed, water could no longer seep into the tunnel. (11) This is how frost helped Moscow metro builders for the first time.

(12) Since then, this method has been used many times. (13) The frost especially helped the metro builders in Leningrad, present-day St. Petersburg. (14) In those places the soil is swampy, there is a lot of underground water, but the tried and tested method did not fail. (15) Now St. Petersburg has a wonderful metro! (According to M. Sadovsky)

It was mid-March. Spring this year turned out to be smooth and friendly. Occasionally there were heavy but short rains. We have already driven on wheels on roads covered with thick mud. The snow still lay in drifts in the deep forests and in the shady ravines, but in the fields it settled, became loose and dark, and from under it, in some places, black, greasy soil steaming in the sun appeared in large bald patches. The birch buds are swollen. The lambs on the willows turned from white to yellow, fluffy and huge. The willow blossomed. The bees flew out of the hives for the first bribe. The first snowdrops timidly appeared in the forest clearings.

We were looking forward to seeing old friends fly into our garden again - starlings, these cute, cheerful, sociable birds, the first migratory guests, the joyful messengers of spring. They need to fly many hundreds of miles from their winter camps, from the south of Europe, from Asia Minor, from the northern regions of Africa. Others will have to travel more than three thousand miles. Many will fly over the seas: Mediterranean or Black.

There are so many adventures and dangers along the way: rains, storms, dense fogs, hail clouds, birds of prey, shots from greedy hunters. How much incredible effort must a small creature weighing about twenty to twenty-five spools have to use for such a flight? Truly, the shooters who destroy the bird during the difficult journey, when, obeying the mighty call of nature, it strives to the place where it first hatched from the egg and saw sunlight and greenery, have no heart.

Animals have a lot of their own wisdom, incomprehensible to people. Birds are especially sensitive to weather changes and predict them long ago, but it often happens that migratory wanderers in the middle of a vast sea are suddenly overtaken by a sudden hurricane, often with snow. It is far from the shores, the strength is weakened by the long flight... Then the entire flock dies, with the exception of a small part of the strongest. Happiness for the birds if they encounter a sea vessel in these terrible moments. In a whole cloud they descend on the deck, on the wheelhouse, on the rigging, on the sides, as if entrusting their little lives in danger to the eternal enemy - man. And stern sailors will never offend them, will not offend their reverent gullibility. A beautiful sea legend even says that inevitable misfortune threatens the ship on which the bird that asked for shelter was killed.

Coastal lighthouses can sometimes be disastrous. Lighthouse keepers sometimes find in the mornings, after foggy nights, hundreds and even thousands of bird corpses in the galleries surrounding the lantern and on the ground around the building. Exhausted from the flight, heavy from the sea moisture, the birds, having reached the shore in the evening, unconsciously rush to where they are deceptively attracted by light and warmth, and in their fast flight they smash their chests against thick glass, iron and stone. But an experienced, old leader will always save his flock from this misfortune by taking a different direction in advance. Birds also hit telegraph wires if for some reason they fly low, especially at night and in fog.

Having made a dangerous crossing across the sea plain, starlings rest all day and always in a certain, favorite place from year to year. I once saw one such place in Odessa, in the spring. This is a house on the corner of Preobrazhenskaya Street and Cathedral Square, opposite the cathedral garden. This house was then completely black and seemed to be all stirring from the great multitude of starlings that settled everywhere: on the roof, on the balconies, cornices, window sills, trim, window visors and on the moldings. And the sagging telegraph and telephone wires were closely strung with them, like large black rosaries. My God, there was so much deafening screaming, squeaking, whistling, chattering, chirping and all sorts of bustle, chatter and quarrel. Despite their recent fatigue, they certainly could not sit still for a minute. Every now and then they pushed each other, falling up and down, circling, flying away and returning again. Only old, experienced, wise starlings sat in important solitude and sedately cleaned their feathers with their beaks. The entire sidewalk along the house turned white, and if a careless pedestrian happened to gape, then trouble threatened his coat and hat. Starlings make their flights very quickly, sometimes making up to eighty miles per hour. They will fly to a familiar place early in the evening, feed themselves, take a short nap at night, in the morning - before dawn - a light breakfast, and again set off, with two or three stops in the middle of the day.

So, we waited for the starlings. We fixed old birdhouses that had become warped from the winter winds and hung new ones. Three years ago we had only two of them, last year five, and now twelve. It was a little annoying that the sparrows imagined that this courtesy was being done for them, and immediately, at the first warmth, the birdhouses took over. This sparrow is an amazing bird, and everywhere it is the same - in the north of Norway and on the Azores: nimble, rogue, thief, bully, brawler, gossip and the most impudent one. He will spend the whole winter hunched up under a fence or in the depths of a dense spruce, eating what he finds on the road, and when spring comes, he climbs into someone else’s nest, which is closer to home - into a birdhouse or swallow. And they kick him out, as if nothing had happened... He flutters, jumps, sparkles with his little eyes and shouts to the whole universe: “Alive, alive, alive! Alive, alive, alive!

Please tell me what good news for the world!

Finally, on the nineteenth, in the evening (it was still light), someone shouted: “Look - starlings!”

Indeed, they sat high on the branches of poplars and, after the sparrows, seemed unusually large and too black. We began to count them: one, two, five, ten, fifteen... And next to the neighbors, among the transparent spring-like trees, these dark motionless lumps easily swayed on flexible branches. That evening there was no noise or fuss among the starlings. This always happens when you return home after a long, difficult journey. On the road you fuss, rush, worry, but when you arrive, you’re suddenly all softened from the same tiredness: you’re sitting and don’t want to move.

For two days the starlings seemed to be gaining strength and kept visiting and inspecting last year’s familiar places. And then the eviction of sparrows began. I did not notice any particularly violent clashes between starlings and sparrows. Usually, starlings sit in twos high above the birdhouses and, apparently, chatter carelessly about something among themselves, while they themselves gaze downwards with one eye, sideways. It's scary and difficult for the sparrow. No, no - he sticks his sharp, cunning nose out of the round hole - and back. Finally, hunger, frivolity, and perhaps timidity make themselves felt. “I’m flying,” he thinks, “for a minute and right back.” Maybe I'll outwit you. Maybe they won’t notice.” And as soon as it has time to fly away a fathom, the starling drops like a stone and is already at home. And now the sparrow’s temporary economy has come to an end. Starlings guard the nest one by one: one sits while the other flies on business. Sparrows would never think of such a trick: a windy, empty, frivolous bird. And so, out of chagrin, great battles begin between the sparrows, during which fluff and feathers fly into the air.

And the starlings sit high in the trees and even tease: “Hey, black-headed one. You won’t be able to overcome that yellow-chested one forever and ever.” - "How? To me? Yes, I’ll take him now!” - “Come on, come on...” And there will be a dump. However, in the spring all the animals and birds and even the boys fight much more than in the winter. Having settled in the nest, the starling begins to carry all kinds of construction nonsense there: moss, cotton wool, feathers, fluff, rags, straw, dry blades of grass. He makes the nest very deep, so that a cat does not crawl in with its paw or a raven sticks its long predatory beak through it. They cannot penetrate further: the entrance hole is quite small, no more than five centimeters in diameter. And then soon the ground dried up and the fragrant birch buds blossomed. Fields are plowed, vegetable gardens are dug up and loosened. How many different worms, caterpillars, slugs, bugs and larvae crawl into the light of day! It's such an expanse! In the spring, a starling never looks for its food, either in the air in flight, like swallows, or on a tree, like a nuthatch or woodpecker. Its food is on the ground and in the ground. And do you know how many insects it destroys during the summer, if you count it by weight? A thousand times its own weight! But he spends his entire day in continuous movement.

It is interesting to watch when he, walking between the beds or along the path, hunts for his prey. His gait is very fast and slightly clumsy, with a sway from side to side. Suddenly he stops, turns to one side, then to the other, bows his head first to the left, then to the right. It will quickly bite and run on. And again, and again... His black back shimmers in the sun with a metallic green or purple color, his chest is speckled with brown, and during this business there is so much in him of something businesslike, fussy and funny that you look at him for a long time and involuntarily smile .

It is best to observe the starling early in the morning, before sunrise, and for this you need to get up early. However, an old clever saying says: “He who gets up early doesn’t lose.” If you sit quietly in the morning, every day, without sudden movements somewhere in the garden or vegetable garden, then the starlings will soon get used to you and will come very close. Try throwing worms or bread crumbs to the bird, first from afar, then decreasing the distance. You will achieve the fact that after a while the starling will take food from your hands and sit on your shoulder. And when he arrives next year, he will very soon resume and conclude his former friendship with you. Just don't betray his trust. The only difference between both of you is that he is small and you are big. The bird is a very smart, observant creature: it is extremely memorable and grateful for all kindness.

And the real song of the starling should be listened to only in the early morning, when the first pink light of dawn colors the trees and with them the birdhouses, which are always located with an opening to the east. The air warmed up a little, and the starlings had already scattered on high branches and began their concert. I don’t know, really, whether the starling has his own motives, but you will hear enough of anything alien in his song. There are pieces of nightingale trills, and the sharp meow of an oriole, and the sweet voice of a robin, and the musical babbling of a warbler, and the thin whistling of a titmouse, and among these melodies such sounds are suddenly heard that, sitting alone, you can’t help but laugh: a hen cackles on a tree , the sharpener's knife will hiss, the door will creak, the children's military trumpet will blow. And, having made this unexpected musical retreat, the starling, as if nothing had happened, without a break, continues his cheerful, sweet, humorous song. One starling I knew (and only one, because I always heard it in a certain place) amazingly faithfully imitated a stork. I just imagined this venerable white black-tailed bird, when it stands on one leg on the edge of its round nest, on the roof of a Little Russian hut, and beats out a ringing shot with its long red beak. Other starlings did not know how to do this thing.

In mid-May, the mother starling lays four to five small, bluish, glossy eggs and sits on them. Now the father starling has a new duty - to entertain the female in the mornings and evenings with his singing throughout the incubation period, which lasts about two weeks. And, I must say, during this period he no longer mocks or teases anyone. Now his song is gentle, simple and extremely melodic. Maybe this is the real, only starling song?

By the beginning of June, the chicks had already hatched. The starling chick is a true monster, which consists entirely of the head, but the head only consists of a huge, yellow-edged, unusually voracious mouth. The most troublesome time has come for caring parents. No matter how much you feed the little ones, they are always hungry. And then there’s the constant fear of cats and jackdaws; It’s scary to be far from the birdhouse.

But starlings are good companions. As soon as jackdaws or crows get into the habit of circling around the nest, a watchman is immediately appointed. The starling on duty sits on the top of the tallest tree and, whistling quietly, vigilantly looks in all directions. As soon as the predators appear close, the watchman gives a signal, and the entire starling tribe flocks to protect the younger generation.

I once saw how all the starlings who were visiting me chased three jackdaws at least a mile away. What a vicious persecution this was! The starlings soared easily and quickly over the jackdaws, fell on them from a height, scattered to the sides, closed again and, catching up with the jackdaws, climbed up again for a new blow. The jackdaws seemed cowardly, clumsy, rude and helpless in their heavy flight, and the starlings were like some kind of sparkling, transparent spindles flashing in the air. But it’s already the end of July. One day you go out into the garden and listen. No starlings. You didn’t even notice how the little ones grew up and how they learned to fly. Now they have left their native homes and are leading a new life in the forests, in winter fields, near distant swamps. There they gather in small flocks and learn to fly for a long time, preparing for the autumn migration. Soon the young people will face their first, great exam, from which some will not come out alive. Occasionally, however, starlings return for a moment to their abandoned father's homes. They will fly in, circle in the air, sit on a branch near the birdhouses, frivolously whistle some newly picked up motif and fly away, sparkling with their light wings.

But the first cold weather has already set in. It's time to go. By some mysterious order of mighty nature unknown to us, the leader gives a sign one morning, and the air cavalry, squadron after squadron, soars into the air and rapidly rushes south. Goodbye, dear starlings! Come in the spring. The nests are waiting for you...

an endless plain spread out for those traveling. c) The stopped train made drawn-out sounds. d) The paths were strewn with leaves falling from the trees. 26 The participial phrase stands before the word being defined (punctuation marks are not placed): a) The forest, torn from sleep, echoed howling protractedly. b ) The plants that form round flower beds huddle together. c) Most of the surviving plants] reproduce vegetatively. d) Trains loaded with ore rushed towards us

1)Did you say something?
2) please bring me a souvenir
3) who memorized Lermontov’s poem
4) where will you go in the summer Marina?

13.Which sentence has an introductory word? (no punctuation marks)

1) he didn’t imagine that it would bring him happiness
2) tomorrow they will drain the swamps using my method
3) of course all this led to nothing
4) I believe that it is necessary to honestly serve the people and homeland

14.indicate an incorrect description of the offer
Come, dear guests!

1) narrative 2) exclamatory
3) simple 3) uncommon

15.indicate a complex sentence
1) the chicken found a crust of bread and called her kids
2) the boy wanted to shout these words, but boiling tears prevented him
3) the gloomy forest is sullenly silent or howls dully
4) we won’t take our cart, we’ll roll it down

(in) basket..., (in) gymnasium...

d) (on) acacia..., (on) green...

2In which row is the letter A (Z) missing in all verb endings?

a) (they) tolerate..t, (they) force..t

b) (they) write..t, (they) fire..t

c) (they) sit..t, (they) st..t

d) (they) search..t, (they) close..t

3 Which sentence requires a comma (no punctuation marks)

a) Bees rush to the fragrant linden trees and stock up on sweet nectar. A ray of sun appeared from behind a cloud and the top of the pine tree sparkled with pink light.

b) Blue puddles reflect the clouds and sparkle slightly under the rays of the setting sun.

c) A heavy bumblebee rises from a flower and slowly moves to the next one.

withstood the siege. B. The cloud hanging over the high tops of the poplars was already pouring rain. B. The earth, warmed by the sun, dries up. D. Archaeologists worked in a town famous for its ancient times. 2. Choose the correct answer. Indicate the column: a), b), c) or d), in which the sequential letters correspond to the letters missing in these words: a) b c) d) house under construction yu I I I sowing bread I I yu yu..hiding in the bushes y y a creeping..creeping on the ground yu i yu i 3. Choose the correct answer. A task similar to task 2: a) b) c) d) tormented by doubts and e and e interrupted..my questions e and e and heard..my in the distance e e and and seen..my in the dark e and i e 4. Indicate errors in the formation of passive past participles: a) take – taken; b) understand – understood; c) knead – kneaded; d) lose – lost. 5. N or nn? A task similar to task 2: a) b) c) d) forged lattice n n n n undecorated tree n n n n n desired friend n n n n n n solved.. problem n n n n n 6. What should be inserted: n or nn in these sentences? 1. Purchased newspaper. 2. Tangled plot. Choose the correct answer. A. In both cases you need to insert nn. B. In both cases you need to insert n. B. In the 1st case you need to insert n, in the 2nd case - nn. D. In the 1st case you need to insert nn, in the 2nd case - n. 7. Name a word consisting of a prefix, root, suffix and ending. a) gutted, b) jumped, c) piled up, d) high-rise. 8. Choose the correct answer. A task similar to task 2: a) b) c) d) delayed e a e a viewed.. studied and e e e memorized a a e e ridiculed i i e i 9. -nn - is written in both cases: a) beautiful..y, nightingale..yy, b) unexpected..yy, keen..yy, c) unplanted..yy, horseshoe..yy. 10. In both cases it is written e: a) surrounded..n, canvas..vy, b) guard..t, illuminated, c) stove..nka, hare..nock. 11. Indicate sentences in which there are errors in punctuation marks. A. She sat with her eyes closed. B. He screamed without taking a breath. Q. It has been raining since morning. G. He took the ball and, burning with curiosity, looked at Tom. 12. In which rows is it not written separately? a) not yet (not) traveled, (not) was, b) (not) always, (not) in a comradely way, c) (not) from where, (not) everyone, d) (not) loud, (not) in a hurry . 13. Where was the mistake made in the use of the adverb? A. He listened more attentively in class. B. He did the best job. Q. I try to write more beautifully. D. My friend is the most attentive in the class. 14. Indicate which adverbs are written with not together: a) (not) in a comradely way; b) (not) stupid; c) (not) above; d) (not) convincing. 15. It is written with a hyphen: a) (c) running, b) (in) a friendly manner, c) as (as if), d) somewhere, e) to something, f) (in) the truth. 16. Where is it needed? A task similar to task 2: a) b) c) d) get carried away..sya b – b – beam.. – b – b completely.. b – b – unbearable.. – b b 17. In which sentences are grammatical mistakes? A. The thirst for glory tormented, tormented and burned him. B. Work is being carried out according to schedule. B. He came home from school. D. We met upon the arrival of the train. D. He entered college after finishing school. 18. In which sentences are the highlighted words prepositions? A. It was quiet around. B. I passed by the school. V. They went out to meet their friends. G. Walked, (not) looking at his feet. D. Subsequently he read the novel. 19. Which letter should be inserted? A task similar to task 2: a) b) c) d) during.. summer and e e and during.. stream and and e e during.. lesson and e e and 20. Which letter should be inserted? A task similar to task 2: a) b) c) d) according to the order.. u a a u thanks to the advice.. u a u a contrary to the prediction.. yu I I 21. Name a sentence in which there is a particle. A. I also wrote an essay. B. I wrote the same essay as you. 22. Indicate sentences in which the highlighted words are conjunctions. A. And so the moon shone motionlessly. B. What should I do? B. We were late because we watched a new film. G. We did everything to make the holiday memorable. 23. Indicate in which sentences there would be a particle. A. To shorten the path, we went to the river. B. Difficulties exist in order to overcome them. Q. What should I tell my father? G. Do it at all costs. 24. Where not, where not? What n..(1) say, he n..(2) could n..(3) know about it, but he behaved like n..(4) what n..(5) had happened. Choose the correct answer: a) in all cases – no; b) not – 2, 3, 5; neither – 1, 4; c) in all cases – neither. d) not – 1, 3, 4, nor – 2, 5. 25. In which sentences is not a particle? A. He remained (im)movable for a minute. B. The father (did not) have any position. V. At the threshold stood a grandmother (not) noticed by anyone. G. The drawing seemed very (careless) to me. 26. Determine in which sentence that is a particle. A. Something is about to happen. B. The boats in the waves (then) will appear, (then) hide. B. Hide behind (that) tree. G. “And how big he has grown!” - Mom exclaimed. 27. Choose the correct answer. A task similar to task 2: a) b) c) d) intellectual..gent e and e and pr..tensiya and e and e art..lleria e and i e president..dent e and and pr..sidium e e and e 28. In what order should the sentences appear to form a text? A. It is easy to mine, breaking off either large or small pieces, and is also easy to process. B. In a word, this stone is often used in Rus' as an excellent building material. V. And at the same time, white stone is strong and reliable, buildings built from it last for centuries. D. Builders in Rus' have long called limestone white stone - a soft rock, deposits of which are found in the Volga-Oka interfluve. a) D, B, A, C; b) G, A, B, C; c) A, B, B, D; d) D, A, C, B. 29. What is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences? a) extract and process it; b) limestone – soft rock; c) the builders called. 30. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence. While reading the book... a) ...I was interested. b) ...sometimes notes are made in the margins. c) ...don’t get carried away only by the plot. d) ...good lighting is necessary.

1. The wind blows across the sea and propels the boat
2. It was either early morning or it was already evening
3. The sun was shining high in the sky and the mountains were breathing heat into the sky
4. The sun shone and a joyful morning arrived
2) In which sentence is the conjunction used WITHOUT punctuation marks)?
1.The lake shone like a silver mirror
2.Our yard is like a well-kept garden
3. Just as a tree quietly drops its leaves, so I drop sad words
4.He treasured this little thing like the apple of his eye
3) Finish the sentence you started so that it becomes a complex sentence
Every day my parents waited...
1....the arrival of my son from St. Petersburg
2....that their son will come from St. Petersburg
3....letters and hoped for the return of their son
4....the return of his son from St. Petersburg
4) Find sentences with a compound conjunction
1.He went to the window to open it
2.The evening dawn begins when the sun has already set beyond the edge of the earth
3. He sat and wrote an urgent letter while a visitor was waiting for him in the reception area
4. For the hundredth time I regretted that I was not born an artist
5) Find a sentence with a simple conjunction
1. The commander was dissatisfied with the progress of the operation, despite the fact that the division won
2. In the steppe everything is open, but you are in full view of everyone
3.She looked around at everyone restlessly, as if she wanted to intercept these glances
4. He knew how to solve not only problems, but also examples
5) How should commas be placed in this sentence?
Words (1) either rustle (2) like silk grass rustling in the wind (3) or mutter (4) like springs (5) with clear water (6) or ring quietly

It was mid-March. Spring this year turned out to be smooth and friendly. Occasionally there were heavy but short rains. We have already driven on wheels on roads covered with thick mud. The snow still lay in drifts in deep forests and in shady ravines, but in the fields it settled, became loose and dark, and from under it, in some places, black, greasy soil steaming in the sun appeared in large bald patches. The birch buds are swollen. The lambs on the willows turned from white to yellow, fluffy and huge. The willow blossomed. The bees flew out of the hives for the first bribe. The first snowdrops timidly appeared in the forest clearings.

We were looking forward to seeing old friends fly into our garden again - starlings, these cute, cheerful, sociable birds, the first migratory guests, the joyful messengers of spring. They need to fly many hundreds of miles from their winter camps, from the south of Europe, from Asia Minor, from the northern regions of Africa. Others will have to travel more than three thousand miles. Many will fly over the seas: Mediterranean or Black. There are so many adventures and dangers along the way: rains, storms, dense fogs, hail clouds, birds of prey, shots from greedy hunters. How much incredible effort must a small creature weighing about twenty to twenty-five spools have to use for such a flight? Truly, the shooters who destroy the bird during the difficult journey, when, obeying the mighty call of nature, it strives to the place where it first hatched from the egg and saw sunlight and greenery, have no heart.

Animals have a lot of their own wisdom, incomprehensible to people. Birds are especially sensitive to weather changes and predict them long ago, but it often happens that migratory wanderers in the middle of a vast sea are suddenly overtaken by a sudden hurricane, often with snow. The coast is far away, the strength is weakened by the long flight... Then the entire flock dies, with the exception of a small part of the strongest. Happiness for the birds if they encounter a sea vessel in these terrible moments. In a whole cloud they descend on the deck, on the wheelhouse, on the rigging, on the sides, as if entrusting their little lives in danger to the eternal enemy - man. And stern sailors will never offend them, will not offend their reverent gullibility. A beautiful sea legend even says that inevitable misfortune threatens the ship on which the bird that asked for shelter was killed.

Coastal lighthouses can sometimes be disastrous. Lighthouse keepers sometimes find in the mornings, after foggy nights, hundreds and even thousands of bird corpses in the galleries surrounding the lantern and on the ground around the building. Exhausted by the flight, heavy from the sea moisture, the birds, having reached the shore in the evening, unconsciously rush to where they are deceptively attracted by light and warmth, and in their fast flight they smash their chests against thick glass, iron and stone. But an experienced, old leader will always save his flock from this disaster by taking a different direction in advance. Birds also hit telegraph wires if for some reason they fly low, especially at night and in fog.

Having made a dangerous crossing across the sea plain, starlings rest all day and always in a certain, favorite place from year to year. I once saw one such place in Odessa, in the spring. This is a house on the corner of Preobrazhenskaya Street and Cathedral Square, opposite the cathedral garden. This house was then completely black and seemed to be all stirring from the great multitude of starlings that settled everywhere: on the roof, on the balconies, cornices, window sills, trim, window visors and on the moldings. And the sagging telegraph and telephone wires were closely strung with them, like large black rosaries. My God, there was so much deafening screaming, squeaking, whistling, chattering, chirping and all sorts of bustle, chatter and quarrel. Despite their recent fatigue, they certainly could not sit still for a minute. Every now and then they pushed each other, falling up and down, circling, flying away and returning again. Only old, experienced, wise starlings sat in important solitude and sedately cleaned their feathers with their beaks. The entire sidewalk along the house turned white, and if a careless pedestrian happened to gape, then trouble threatened his coat or hat.

Starlings make their flights very quickly, sometimes making up to eighty miles per hour. They will arrive at a familiar place early in the evening, feed themselves, take a short nap at night, in the morning - before dawn - a light breakfast, and again set off, with two or three stops in the middle of the day.

So, we waited for the starlings. We fixed old birdhouses that had become warped from the winter winds and hung new ones. Three years ago we had only two of them, last year five, and now twelve. It was a little annoying that the sparrows imagined that this courtesy was being done for them, and immediately, at the first warmth, the birdhouses took over. This sparrow is an amazing bird, and everywhere it is the same - in the north of Norway and on the Azores: nimble, rogue, thief, bully, brawler, gossip and the most impudent one. He will spend the whole winter hunched under a bush or in the depths of a dense spruce, eating what he finds on the road, and when spring comes, he climbs into someone else’s nest, which is closer to home - a birdhouse or a swallow. And they will kick him out, as if nothing had happened... He flutters, jumps, sparkles with his eyes and shouts to the whole universe: “Alive, alive, alive! Alive, alive, alive! Please tell me what good news for the world!

Finally, on the nineteenth, in the evening (it was still light), someone shouted: “Look - starlings!”

Indeed, they sat high on the branches of poplars and, after the sparrows, seemed unusually large and too black. We began to count them: one, two, five, ten, fifteen... And next to the neighbors, among the transparent spring-like trees, these dark motionless lumps easily swayed on flexible branches. That evening there was no noise or fuss among the starlings. This is what always happens when you return home after a long, difficult journey. On the road, you fuss, rush, worry, but when you arrive, you’re suddenly all softened from the same tiredness: you’re sitting and don’t want to move.

For two days the starlings seemed to be gaining strength and kept visiting and inspecting last year’s familiar places. And then the eviction of sparrows began. I did not notice any particularly violent clashes between starlings and sparrows. Starlings usually sit high above the birdhouses for two days and, apparently, chatter carelessly about something among themselves, while they themselves gaze downwards with one eye, sideways. It's scary and difficult for the sparrow. No, no - he sticks his sharp, cunning nose out of the round hole - and back. Finally, hunger, frivolity, and perhaps timidity make themselves felt. “I’m flying off,” he thinks, “for a minute and right back.” Maybe I'll outwit you. Maybe they won’t notice.” And as soon as it has time to fly away a fathom, the starling drops like a stone and is already at home. And now the sparrow’s temporary economy has come to an end. Starlings guard the nest in turns: one sits, the other flies on business. Sparrows would never think of such a trick: they are a flighty, empty, frivolous bird. And so, out of chagrin, great battles begin between the sparrows, during which fluff and feathers fly into the air. And the starlings sit high in the trees and even tease: “Hey, black-headed one. You won’t be able to overcome that yellow-chested one forever and ever.” - "How? To me? Yes, I’ll take him now!” - “Come on, come on...” And there will be a dump. However, in the spring all the animals and birds and even the boys fight much more than in the winter.

Having settled in the nest, the starling begins to carry all kinds of construction nonsense there: moss, cotton wool, feathers, fluff, rags, straw, dry blades of grass. He makes the nest very deep, so that a cat does not crawl in with its paw or a raven sticks its long predatory beak through it. They cannot penetrate further: the entrance hole is quite small, no more than five centimeters in diameter.

And then soon the ground dried up and the fragrant birch buds blossomed. Fields are plowed, vegetable gardens are dug up and loosened. How many different worms, caterpillars, slugs, bugs and larvae crawl into the light of day! What an expanse! In the spring, a starling never looks for its food, either in the air in flight, like swallows, or on a tree, like a nuthatch or woodpecker. Its food is on the ground and in the ground. And do you know how many insects it destroys during the summer, if you count it by weight? A thousand times its own weight! But he spends his entire day in continuous movement.

Current page: 1 (book has 1 pages in total)

Alexander Kuprin
Starlings

It was mid-March. Spring this year turned out to be smooth and friendly. Occasionally there were heavy but short rains. We have already driven on wheels on roads covered with thick mud. The snow still lay in drifts in deep forests and in shady ravines, but in the fields it settled, became loose and dark, and from under it, in some places, black, greasy soil steaming in the sun appeared in large bald patches. The birch buds are swollen. The lambs on the willows turned from white to yellow, fluffy and huge. The willow blossomed. The bees flew out of the hives for the first bribe. The first snowdrops timidly appeared in the forest clearings.

We were looking forward to seeing old friends fly into our garden again - starlings, these cute, cheerful, sociable birds, the first migratory guests, the joyful messengers of spring. They need to fly many hundreds of miles from their winter camps, from the south of Europe, from Asia Minor, from the northern regions of Africa. Others will have to travel more than three thousand miles. Many will fly over the seas: Mediterranean or Black. There are so many adventures and dangers along the way: rains, storms, dense fogs, hail clouds, birds of prey, shots from greedy hunters. How much incredible effort must a small creature weighing about twenty to twenty-five spools have to use for such a flight? Truly, the shooters who destroy the bird during the difficult journey, when, obeying the mighty call of nature, it strives to the place where it first hatched from the egg and saw sunlight and greenery, have no heart.

Animals have a lot of their own wisdom, incomprehensible to people. Birds are especially sensitive to weather changes and predict them long ago, but it often happens that migratory wanderers in the middle of a vast sea are suddenly overtaken by a sudden hurricane, often with snow. The coast is far away, the strength is weakened by the long flight... Then the entire flock dies, with the exception of a small part of the strongest. Happiness for the birds if they encounter a sea vessel in these terrible moments. In a whole cloud they descend on the deck, on the wheelhouse, on the rigging, on the sides, as if entrusting their little lives in danger to the eternal enemy - man. And stern sailors will never offend them, will not offend their reverent gullibility. A beautiful sea legend even says that inevitable misfortune threatens the ship on which the bird that asked for shelter was killed.

Coastal lighthouses can sometimes be disastrous. Lighthouse keepers sometimes find in the mornings, after foggy nights, hundreds and even thousands of bird corpses in the galleries surrounding the lantern and on the ground around the building. Exhausted by the flight, heavy from the sea moisture, the birds, having reached the shore in the evening, unconsciously rush to where they are deceptively attracted by light and warmth, and in their fast flight they smash their chests against thick glass, iron and stone. But an experienced, old leader will always save his flock from this disaster by taking a different direction in advance. Birds also hit telegraph wires if for some reason they fly low, especially at night and in fog.

Having made a dangerous crossing across the sea plain, starlings rest all day and always in a certain, favorite place from year to year. I once saw one such place in Odessa, in the spring. This is a house on the corner of Preobrazhenskaya Street and Cathedral Square, opposite the cathedral garden. This house was then completely black and seemed to be all stirring from the great multitude of starlings that settled everywhere: on the roof, on the balconies, cornices, window sills, trim, window visors and on the moldings. And the sagging telegraph and telephone wires were closely strung with them, like large black rosaries. My God, there was so much deafening screaming, squeaking, whistling, chattering, chirping and all sorts of bustle, chatter and quarrel. Despite their recent fatigue, they certainly could not sit still for a minute. Every now and then they pushed each other, falling up and down, circling, flying away and returning again. Only old, experienced, wise starlings sat in important solitude and sedately cleaned their feathers with their beaks. The entire sidewalk along the house turned white, and if a careless pedestrian happened to gape, then trouble threatened his coat or hat.

Starlings make their flights very quickly, sometimes making up to eighty miles per hour. They will arrive at a familiar place early in the evening, feed themselves, take a short nap at night, in the morning - before dawn - a light breakfast, and again set off, with two or three stops in the middle of the day.

So, we waited for the starlings. We fixed old birdhouses that had become warped from the winter winds and hung new ones. Three years ago we had only two of them, last year five, and now twelve. It was a little annoying that the sparrows imagined that this courtesy was being done for them, and immediately, at the first warmth, the birdhouses took over. This sparrow is an amazing bird, and everywhere it is the same - in the north of Norway and on the Azores: nimble, rogue, thief, bully, brawler, gossip and the most impudent one. He will spend the whole winter hunched under a bush or in the depths of a dense spruce, eating what he finds on the road, and when spring comes, he climbs into someone else’s nest, which is closer to home - a birdhouse or a swallow. And they will kick him out, as if nothing had happened... He flutters, jumps, sparkles with his eyes and shouts to the whole universe: “Alive, alive, alive! Alive, alive, alive! Please tell me what good news for the world!

Finally, on the nineteenth, in the evening (it was still light), someone shouted: “Look - starlings!”

Indeed, they sat high on the branches of poplars and, after the sparrows, seemed unusually large and too black. We began to count them: one, two, five, ten, fifteen... And next to the neighbors, among the transparent spring-like trees, these dark motionless lumps easily swayed on flexible branches. That evening there was no noise or fuss among the starlings. This is what always happens when you return home after a long, difficult journey. On the road, you fuss, rush, worry, but when you arrive, you’re suddenly all softened from the same tiredness: you’re sitting and don’t want to move.

For two days the starlings seemed to be gaining strength and kept visiting and inspecting last year’s familiar places. And then the eviction of sparrows began. I did not notice any particularly violent clashes between starlings and sparrows. Starlings usually sit high above the birdhouses for two days and, apparently, chatter carelessly about something among themselves, while they themselves gaze downwards with one eye, sideways. It's scary and difficult for the sparrow. No, no - he sticks his sharp, cunning nose out of the round hole - and back. Finally, hunger, frivolity, and perhaps timidity make themselves felt. “I’m flying off,” he thinks, “for a minute and right back.” Maybe I'll outwit you. Maybe they won’t notice.” And as soon as it has time to fly away a fathom, the starling drops like a stone and is already at home. And now the sparrow’s temporary economy has come to an end. Starlings guard the nest in turns: one sits, the other flies on business. Sparrows would never think of such a trick: they are a flighty, empty, frivolous bird. And so, out of chagrin, great battles begin between the sparrows, during which fluff and feathers fly into the air. And the starlings sit high in the trees and even tease: “Hey, black-headed one. You won’t be able to overcome that yellow-chested one forever and ever.” - "How? To me? Yes, I’ll take him now!” - “Come on, come on...” And there will be a dump. However, in the spring all the animals and birds and even the boys fight much more than in the winter.

Having settled in the nest, the starling begins to carry all kinds of construction nonsense there: moss, cotton wool, feathers, fluff, rags, straw, dry blades of grass. He makes the nest very deep, so that a cat does not crawl in with its paw or a raven sticks its long predatory beak through it. They cannot penetrate further: the entrance hole is quite small, no more than five centimeters in diameter.

And then soon the ground dried up and the fragrant birch buds blossomed. Fields are plowed, vegetable gardens are dug up and loosened. How many different worms, caterpillars, slugs, bugs and larvae crawl into the light of day! What an expanse! In the spring, a starling never looks for its food, either in the air in flight, like swallows, or on a tree, like a nuthatch or woodpecker. Its food is on the ground and in the ground. And do you know how many insects it destroys during the summer, if you count it by weight? A thousand times its own weight! But he spends his entire day in continuous movement.

It is interesting to watch when he, walking between the beds or along the path, hunts for his prey. His gait is very fast and slightly clumsy, with a sway from side to side. Suddenly he stops, turns to one side, then to the other, bows his head first to the left, then to the right. It will quickly bite and run on. And again, and again... Its black back shimmers in the sun with a metallic green or purple color, its chest is speckled with brown. And during this business there is so much business, fuss and funny in him that you look at him for a long time and involuntarily smile.

It is best to observe the starling early in the morning, before sunrise, and for this you need to get up early. However, an old clever saying says: “He who gets up early doesn’t lose.” If you sit quietly in the morning, every day, without sudden movements somewhere in the garden or vegetable garden, then the starlings will soon get used to you and will come very close. Try throwing worms or bread crumbs to the bird, first from afar, then decreasing the distance. You will achieve the fact that after a while the starling will take food from your hands and sit on your shoulder. And when he arrives next year, he will very soon resume and conclude his former friendship with you. Just don't betray his trust. The only difference between both of you is that he is small and you are big. The bird is a very smart, observant creature: it is extremely memorable and grateful for all kindness.

And the real song of the starling should be listened to only in the early morning, when the first pink light of dawn colors the trees and with them the birdhouses, which are always located with an opening to the east. The air warmed up a little, and the starlings had already scattered on high branches and began their concert. I don’t know, really, whether the starling has his own motives, but you will hear enough of anything alien in his song. There are pieces of nightingale trills, and the sharp meow of an oriole, and the sweet voice of a robin, and the musical babbling of a warbler, and the thin whistle of a titmouse, and among these melodies such sounds are suddenly heard that, sitting alone, you can’t help but laugh: a hen cackles on a tree , the sharpener's knife will hiss, the door will creak, the children's military trumpet will blow. And, having made this unexpected musical retreat, the starling, as if nothing had happened, without a break, continues his cheerful, sweet, humorous song. One starling I knew (and only one, because I always heard it in a certain place) amazingly faithfully imitated a stork. I just imagined this venerable white black-tailed bird, when it stands on one leg on the edge of its round nest, on the roof of a Little Russian hut, and beats out a ringing shot with its long red beak. Other starlings did not know how to do this thing.

In mid-May, the mother starling lays four or five small, bluish, glossy eggs and sits on them. Now the father starling has a new duty - to entertain the female in the mornings and evenings with his singing throughout the incubation period, which lasts about two weeks. And, I must say, during this period he no longer mocks or teases anyone. Now his song is gentle, simple and extremely melodic. Maybe this is the real, only starling song?

By the beginning of June, the chicks had already hatched. The starling chick is a true monster, which consists entirely of the head, while the head is only made up of a huge, yellow-edged, unusually voracious mouth. The most troublesome time has come for caring parents. No matter how much you feed the little ones, they are always hungry. And then there is the constant fear of cats and jackdaws; It’s scary to be far from the birdhouse.

But starlings are good companions. As soon as jackdaws or crows get into the habit of circling around the nest, a watchman is immediately appointed. The starling on duty sits on the top of the tallest tree and, whistling quietly, vigilantly looks in all directions. As soon as the predators appear close, the watchman gives a signal, and the entire starling tribe flocks to protect the younger generation. I once saw how starlings who were visiting me chased three jackdaws at least a mile away. What a vicious persecution this was! The starlings soared easily and quickly over the jackdaws, fell on them from a height, scattered to the sides, closed again and, catching up with the jackdaws, climbed up again for a new blow. The jackdaws seemed cowardly, clumsy, rude and helpless in their difficult summer, and the starlings were like some kind of sparkling, transparent spindles flashing in the air.

But it’s already the end of July. One day you go out into the garden and listen. No starlings. You didn’t even notice how the little ones grew up and how they learned to fly. Now they have left their native homes and are leading a new life in the forests, in winter fields, near distant swamps. There they gather in small flocks and learn to fly for a long time, preparing for the autumn migration. Soon the young people will face their first, great exam, from which some will not come out alive. Occasionally, however, starlings return for a moment to their abandoned father's homes. They will fly in, circle in the air, sit on a branch near the birdhouses, frivolously whistle some newly picked up motif and fly away, sparkling with their light wings.

But the first cold weather has already set in. It's time to go. By some mysterious order of mighty nature, unknown to us, the leader gives a sign one morning, and the air cavalry, squadron after squadron, soars into the air and rapidly rushes south. Goodbye, dear starlings! Come in the spring. The nests are waiting for you...