Sergey Klychkov

The planning project for a vast territory in the coastal zone of the Yauza proposes to demolish the symbol of the area - the Krasny Bogatyr plant.

26 July in the districts of Bogorodskoye, Preobrazhenskoye and Sokolniki, meetings of participants in public hearings on the draft planning of the territory, limited by the projected passage 1889, Bogorodskoye Shosse, st. Bogatyrsky Most, st. Krasnobogatyrskaya and the projected passage No. 422, or, more simply, for the development of the territory of the former industrial giant, one of the largest enterprises in Moscow in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, the Moscow Rubber Manufactory Partnership plant, which later became the Krasny Bogatyr plant. On the same day, changes to the Land Use and Development Rules that ensure the implementation of this project will be discussed at the hearing.

As you might guess, all buildings on the territory, without exception, are being demolished, including the main building of the plant (Krasnobogatyrskaya street, no. 2, building 2), built in 1911 according to the design of Gustav Avgustovich Gelrich, as well as the constructivist fire department building No. 22 (Krasnobogatyrskaya St., 6), built in 1927 by architect Alexander Vladimirovich Kurovsky. Both buildings were recognized as historically valuable city-forming objects by Order of the Moscow City Heritage No. 79 of January 30, 2014 and included in the City Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage. An act of state historical and cultural examination carried out by certified expert A.L. Batalov, identified the features that served as the basis for the inclusion of these objects in the City Register of Immovable Cultural Heritage and are subject to mandatory preservation.

However, the status of historical buildings as valuable city-forming objects did not prevent the designers (NIiPI Institute of Urban Planning and System Design) from condemning them to demolition, and the city authorities from approving the project put up for public hearings. The customer for the total cleansing of Krasny Bogatyr was Investment Company Severnaya Zvezda CJSC. When the Urban Planning and Land Commission, headed by the mayor of Moscow, considered the issue of developing the site in April 2017, the status of the buildings was not even discussed.

In Moscow, in recent years, there has been a widespread loss of objects of the historical environment, which, unfortunately, do not have a sufficient degree of legal protection from physical destruction. Arch Supervision has written about this more than once. In this case, however, we are talking not only about valuable historical buildings, but also about something no less significant. It is proposed to liquidate a whole layer of history of the area, whose life for more than 100 years was inextricably linked with this enterprise.

The plant of the Moscow Rubber Manufactory Partnership was founded in 1887 on the site of Gucheson’s small hosiery factory. At its origins stood L.S. Polyakov, B.A. Givartovsky and K.I. Raeder. In 1888, the new plant began producing hoses, fire hoses, children's toys, belts, rings, and various haberdashery and surgical items. Since 1890, rubber shoes began to be produced here.

In 1910 the plant was reorganized. On its basis, the Russian-French Society of Rubber Production and Trade “Bogatyr” was created. Among the products produced by the plant, galoshes were especially famous, which from 1911-1912. were produced using the latest Swedish technology.

In 1923, the plant changed its name to “Red Bogatyr”. Since the 1990s, production has been declining, and on April 30, 2004, the plant was closed. In recent years, the Moscow Entertainment Fair has been located in the former main building of the plant.

__________________________

"Arch Supervision" appeals to everyone who has the legal right to participate in public hearings with an appeal come to a meeting and speak out in defense of historic buildings. Necessary bring the project into compliance with legal norms And preserve two significant historical buildings in an area not rich in architectural monuments. Hearing participants can also speak out against the proposed project reduction of 19.4 hectares of the territory of the natural complex "Valley of the Yauza River".

"Arch Supervision" appeals to the city administration with a demand to ensure revision of the planning project taking into account the preservation of valuable city-forming objects.

"Red Hero"- a plant in Moscow that produced rubber and rubber-textile footwear (boots, boots, galoshes, overshoes, etc.), molded and non-shaped products.

Story

The main building of the plant was built according to the design of the architect G. A. Gelrich and is declared an architectural monument.

The enterprise, at the origins of which stood the prominent banker L. S. Polyakov and entrepreneur B. A. Givartovsky, was widely known - the holders of its shares were the imperial family.

Present tense

Currently, the buildings of the plant are leased to various organizations - they house an office and business center, a Moscow hobby fair, etc. There are plans to improve and develop the plant territory with residential and commercial buildings.

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Notes

Literature

• // “Great Soviet Encyclopedia” (BSE), 2012.

Links

Excerpt characterizing Krasny Bogatyr (factory)

“Red Bogatyr” dates back to 1887, when L. S. Polyakov (banker), B. A. Givartovsky and K. I. Reder organized the Moscow Rubber Manufactory Partnership (MTRM), opening rubber production in Bogorodskoye, in the north east of Moscow. On the basis of this plant, the Franco-Russian joint stock company Bogatyr was founded in 1910. The enterprise was widely known - the imperial family was the holders of its shares. The main building of the partnership was built according to the design of the architect G. A. Gelrikh (there are more than a dozen apartment buildings on the map of Moscow, marked by the modern and neoclassical styles of his work) and has the status of an architectural monument.

Factory "Red Bogatyr". 1920-1922

After the revolution, in 1918, the enterprise was nationalized and renamed the State Rubber Industry Plant No. 2 “Bogatyr”.

In 1921, the women of the enterprise organized the first orphanage in Moscow for starving children of the Volga region. In 1923, at the request of the workers, the plant was given its current name. In the same year, the “Red Bogatyr” team nominated V.I. Lenin as a candidate for deputy of the Moscow Soviet and elected him honorary senior calender manager [German. —Kalanderarbeiter, Kalanderführer, Kalandermann. Calender - a machine consisting of a system of shafts between which fabric, paper or rubber is passed to give them smoothness or gloss in order to obtain sheets, plates, etc.; accordingly, a calender operator is a worker servicing the calender].

In 1927, conveyor production was organized at the plant.

In 1941, part of the equipment of the “Red Bogatyr” was evacuated to Tomsk; the remaining equipment was used to produce products for the front and the defense industry.

In the post-war years, new equipment and advanced technological processes were introduced at the Red Bogatyr. The plant is the initiator of the use of the electrovarnishing method in shoe production. In 1971, the plant was awarded the Order of Lenin. In the 1970s, advanced shoe manufacturing methods were mastered here: injection molding, liquid molding, coagulant deposition. In addition to rubber compounds, plastic compounds, plastisols, and polyurethane compositions are used. The share of products with the State Quality Mark exceeds 30% (1979).
Until the end of the 1980s, the enterprise flourished, production expanded, new equipment, methods, and materials were used. Various types of rubber shoes were designed and produced - boots for men, women and children, sandals, boots for hunting and fishing.


But in the 1990s, production began to decline steadily, and in the mid-2000s it was completely stopped.

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Class B office and retail complex of 90 buildings, including warehouses, with a total area of ​​more than 90,000 m².
The business center is located on the territory of the former Krasny Bogatyr plant.

After the reform of 1861, Bogorodsk peasants began to sell their lands for dachas, which was facilitated by the proximity of Sokolniki and Losiny Island. The active construction of dachas was accompanied by the industrial development of Bogorodskoye. By the beginning of the 20th century. An industrial zone was formed between the main street of the village and the left bank of the Yauza. The John Hutcheson and Co. weaving factory located here was acquired by the Moscow Rubber Manufactory Partnership in 1887.

In 1888, the new plant began producing hoses, fire hoses, children's toys, belts, rings, and various haberdashery and surgical items. Since 1890, rubber shoes began to be produced here. The owners of the rubber manufactory were large Moscow bankers L. S. Polyakov, B. A. Givartovsky, K. I. Reder.

In the 2nd half of the 1900s. The enterprise was gripped by an industrial crisis, which was aggravated by the financial crisis of the banks of one of the main owners, L. S. Polyakov. As a result, it went bankrupt. In 1908, the Government, on the basis of three banks previously owned by Polyakov, established the United Bank, the Chairman of the Board of which was the representative of the Ministry of Finance, Count V. S. Tatishchev. In 1910, on the basis of the old enterprise, the United Bank organized the Franco-Russian joint-stock company "Bogatyr", among the company's shareholders were large French banks, Empress Alexandra Fedorovna, G. Rasputin, and many ministers. Among the products produced by the plant, galoshes were especially famous, which from 1911–1912. were produced using the latest Swedish technology.

From the south, the property of the Bogatyr society bordered on the site of the Genke dyeing factory, the buildings of which were built in the early 1910s. (the main stone building, Krasnobogatyrskaya street, 10, has been preserved). Downstream of the Yauza there were two more small textile factories on the site of the future tannery (Krasnobogatyrskaya St., 38).

The main building of the plant was built according to the design of the architect G. A. Gelrich (declared as an architectural monument).

After the October Revolution, in 1918, the enterprise was nationalized and renamed the State Rubber Industry Plant No. 2 “Bogatyr”.

In 1923, the plant received the name “Red Bogatyr”.
Since 1927, conveyor production has been organized, the plant's area has been significantly expanded, and a railway line has been laid to the warehouses on the opposite bank of the Yauza along the bed of the former stream from the Okruzhnaya Railway.
In 1971, the plant was awarded the Order of Lenin.

Until the end of the 1980s, the enterprise flourished, production expanded, new equipment, methods, and materials were used. Various types of rubber shoes were modeled and produced - boots for men, women and children, sandals, over the knee boots for hunting and fishing. The company's products were widely known in the Soviet Union and were exported abroad to developing countries.

However, in the 1990s. production began to decline steadily, and in the mid-2000s. was completely stopped. On April 30, 2004, the plant was finally closed, and the last workers (about 500 people) were put out on the street, replaced in the early 2000s. plant administration.

In the early 2000s. There was a project to develop the territory of the former plant with multi-storey residential buildings, which would be located on both sides of the Yauza River and would be connected by arches, but it was never implemented.

The history of the “Red Bogatyr” begins in 1887, when L. S. Polyakov (banker), B. A. Givartovsky and K. I. Reder organized the Moscow Rubber Manufactory Partnership (MTRM), opening rubber production in Bogorodskoye, in the northeast Moscow. On the basis of this plant, the Franco-Russian joint stock company Bogatyr was founded in 1910. The enterprise was widely known - the imperial family was the holders of its shares. The main building of the partnership was built according to the design of the architect G. A. Gelrikh (there are more than a dozen apartment buildings on the map of Moscow, marked by the modern and neoclassical styles of his work) and has the status of an architectural monument.

After the revolution, in 1918, the enterprise was nationalized and renamed the State Rubber Industry Plant No. 2 “Bogatyr”.

In 1921, the women of the enterprise organized the first orphanage in Moscow for starving children of the Volga region. In 1923, at the request of the workers, the plant was given its current name. In the same year, the “Red Bogatyr” team nominated V.I. Lenin as a candidate for deputy of the Moscow City Council and elected him as an honorary senior calender operator (German - Kalandarbeiter, Kalanderführer, Kalandermann. A calender is a machine consisting of a system of shafts between which fabric and paper are passed or rubber to give them smoothness or glossiness in order to produce sheets, plates, etc.; accordingly, a calender operator is a worker who serves the calender).

In 1927, conveyor production was organized at the plant.

In 1941, part of the equipment of the “Red Bogatyr” was evacuated to Tomsk; the remaining equipment was used to produce products for the front and the defense industry. Hundreds of Red Bogatyrs went to the Red Army and worked on the construction of the defensive lines of the capital. A monument to those killed in the Great Patriotic War was erected on the territory of the plant.

In the post-war years, new equipment and advanced technological processes were introduced at the Red Bogatyr. The plant is the initiator of the use of the electrovarnishing method in shoe production. In 1971, the plant was awarded the Order of Lenin. In the 1970s, advanced shoe manufacturing methods were mastered here: injection molding, liquid molding, coagulant deposition. In addition to rubber compounds, plastic compounds, plastisols, and polyurethane compositions are used. The share of products with the State Quality Mark exceeds 30% (1979).

Until the end of the 1980s, the enterprise flourished, production expanded, new equipment, methods, and materials were used. Different types of rubber shoes were modeled and produced - boots for men, women and children, sandals, over the knee boots for hunting and fishing.
But in the 1990s, production began to decline steadily, and in the mid-2000s it was completely stopped.

1930s

In the address and reference book “All Moscow” for 1936, the “Red Bogatyr” plant has the status of a plant of equipment and galoshes, which specializes in the production of rubber shoes and galoshes. The plant also conducted standardization courses, training courses for universities and technical schools, as well as advanced training courses for workers and craftsmen.

The premises of the plant housed its own hospital for the treatment of workers (and residents of the Bogorodsky district, part-time). A couple of blocks from the plant (at the address: Bogatyrskaya St., 22) there was a club for their leisure time.

It is known that since 1931, as part of the work of OTB-10, 45 imprisoned specialists were transported to the plant. The plant, placed in the “Chemical Industry” section, apparently needed chemical scientists. Unfortunately, it is unknown how long OTB-10 existed in this mode (free use of the intellectual labor of the indicated 45 specialists), but, presumably, no later than 1936, when the OKB at the EKU OGPU was dissolved.