habilitation (lat. abilitatio; from lat. habilis- convenient, adaptive) - in international practice - a set of services aimed at creating new and strengthening existing resources for the social, mental and physical development of the client. These are medical and (or) social measures in relation to the disabled or other morally undermined people (convicts, etc.), aimed at adapting them to life.

Altruism (fr. Altruism; from lat. alter- another) - a moral principle, which consists in selfless service to other people, the willingness to sacrifice personal interests for their benefit; the opposite of selfishness.

Neglect - the lack of supervision of children, observation of their behavior and pastime, care for education on the part of parents or persons replacing them.

Charitable activities - voluntary activities of citizens and legal entities for the disinterested (gratuitous or on preferential terms) transfer of property to citizens or legal entities, including funds, for the disinterested performance of work, the provision of services, the provision of other support.

Charity Lottery - a financial transaction consisting of the sale of numbered tickets, drawing of donated items and the presentation of winnings; one of the traditional ways to raise funds for charitable purposes.

Charitable program - a set of measures approved by the supreme governing body of a charitable organization and aimed at solving specific problems that correspond to the statutory goals of this organization.

A charity bazaar is one of the most common forms of charitable fundraising. It consists in the sale of all kinds of goods, both specially donated for this, and made by wards in charitable institutions. All or part of the sales proceeds go to charity.

Volunteering is the voluntary fulfillment of obligations to provide free social assistance, services, patronage to the disabled, the sick and the elderly, as well as persons and social groups in difficult living conditions.

Social guarantees (fr. guarantee- guarantor) - material and legal means that ensure the implementation of the constitutional socio-economic and socio-political rights of members of society.

State social policy- actions of the state in the social sphere, pursuing certain goals, correlated with specific historical circumstances, supported by financial resources and designed for certain social results.

State social guarantees- legally established minimum wages, incomes of citizens, pensions, social assistance, the amounts of other types of social payments, determined by laws and other regulatory legal acts that ensure a standard of living not lower than the subsistence minimum.

State social standard- the minimum level of guarantees of social protection established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, ensuring the satisfaction of the most important human needs, expressed in the norms and standards for the provision of free and publicly available social services, social benefits and payments.

Civil society- 1) a sphere of public life that exists simultaneously and along with the state, but independently of its institutions; a system of independent, independent from the state public organizations, associations expressing the private interests of people and creating conditions for their implementation; 2) the sphere of self-affirmation of free citizens and associations and organizations created by them on a voluntary basis. In its space, the whole variety of social ties between the individual and the state is realized.

Grant(beneficent.) - here: targeted funds provided free of charge for the implementation of charitable programs, scientific or other research, education, treatment, and other socially useful purposes, followed by a report on their use.

Social risk group- a kind of social nominal group that unites people who, due to their social status and lifestyle, are exposed to dangerous negative influences and, as a result, pose a threat to the normal functioning of society.

Humanitarian aid (assistance)- type of gratuitous assistance provided for the provision of medical and social assistance to low-income, socially unprotected groups of the population affected by natural disasters and other emergencies, to eliminate the consequences of natural disasters and other emergencies, the costs of transportation, escort and storage of this assistance.

Deviant behavior- sustainable behavior of the individual, deviating from the most important social norms, causing real damage to society or the individual himself, and also accompanied by his social maladaptation.

Maladaptation- a state of reduced ability (unwillingness, inability) to accept and fulfill the requirements of the environment as personally significant, as well as to realize one's individuality in specific social conditions.

Delinquent behavior- actions of a particular person that deviate from the laws established in a given society and at a given time, threaten the well-being of other people and the social order and are criminally punishable in their extreme manifestations.

social deprivation- sensation, awareness by the individual of the gap between her expectations and reality.

life support- a component of the lifestyle, activities associated with the involvement of people in the processes of economic life, primarily in the system of social division of labor, aimed at meeting basic needs and needs.

Childhood protection- a system of measures that ensures the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of children on the basis of the development of normative documents that determine the legal status of minors; legislative regulation of child labor; improving the system of guardianship, guardianship and adoption / adoption of children left without parental care; creation of a network of specialized social services and institutions for corrective and rehabilitation work with children in need of appropriate assistance.

Innovations in the social sphere- innovations that have an impact on large groups of people, as a rule, are of a non-commercial nature and are aimed at improving the quality of life of the population.

Intervention (intervention)- the planned action taken by the social worker together with the ward or on his behalf.

The quality of life- the content side of the lifestyle and living conditions of the individual, the degree of comfort of his living environment.

Social work client (user of social services) - a widely accepted definition of those people who use the services of social protection organizations.

crisis intervention- Intervention in private life by a decision of any body against the will of the family, which is carried out by a specially authorized body or by a person in a crisis situation for the child; a process of intervention in family life, in which family members experience discomfort and resistance.

Person with a disability- a person, a disabled person, suffering from temporary or permanent, congenital or acquired defects that do not allow him to independently and fully realize his potential.

Macrosocial work- streamlining the activities of the population of certain territories, the formation of territorial communities and social groups based on the interests and capabilities of the population.

Marginality- any specific situation that arises under the influence of various (often conflicting) social groups, or the status of an individual due to his belonging to two or more social groups, or special behavioral phenomena that develop in the area of ​​their interaction.

marginalized populations- persons released from places of detention and who do not have a fixed place of residence; citizens requiring public supervision due to social factors (alcoholism, homelessness, etc.); youth not included in labor activity; individuals with behavioral problems. Any groups of the population that have the least chance of finding a job on their own in the labor market (for example, single mothers and women with children, orphans, children from dysfunctional families, unskilled workers, the elderly, etc.) can be classified as marginal.

Material aid- assistance provided to citizens in difficult life situations in the form of cash, food, sanitation and hygiene products, child care products, clothes, shoes and other essentials, fuel, as well as special vehicles, technical means of rehabilitation disabled people and people in need of constant care.

Medical and social expertise- determination in accordance with the established procedure of the needs of the examined person in measures of social protection, including rehabilitation, based on an assessment of limitations in life activity caused by a persistent disorder of body functions.

Loneliness- a socio-psychological state characterized by insufficiency or lack of social contacts, behavioral alienation and emotional dissatisfaction of the individual with the character and circle of his communication.

Occupational Therapy- professional actions aimed at the rehabilitation of persons who, for health reasons, cannot work, take care of themselves, or spend their leisure time.

Guardianship (guardianship)- the form of placement of orphans and children left without parental care, for the purpose of their maintenance, upbringing and education, as well as for the protection of their rights and interests; guardianship is established over children under the age of 14; guardianship is established over children aged 14 to 18 years.

Mastering the living environment- acquisition and effective use of knowledge and skills necessary for adequate interaction with the elements of the environment and control over them.

Patronage- a form of legal protection of personal and property interests of citizens. It is established over an adult capable citizen who, for health reasons, cannot independently exercise and protect his rights and fulfill his duties. It is a type of guardianship.

Pension(from lat. pension- payment, payment) - 1) monthly cash payments intended to compensate citizens for earnings (income) lost due to reaching the legal age, disability, loss of a breadwinner, and also for other reasons. The right to receive a pension is determined according to the conditions and norms established by the legislation of the Russian Federation; 2) a monthly state cash payment, the right to receive which is determined in accordance with the conditions and norms established by

Federal Law No. 166-FZ of December 15, 2001 “On State Pension Provision in the Russian Federation”.

Primary prevention- a system of social, medical, hygienic and educational measures aimed at preventing diseases by eliminating the causes and conditions for their occurrence and development, as well as increasing the body's resistance to the effects of adverse factors in the natural, industrial and domestic environment. Unlike secondary prevention, aimed at early detection of diseases, prevention of relapses, progression of the disease process and its possible complications, primary prevention is designed to maintain undisturbed health, to prevent the impact of natural and social factors that can cause pathological changes.

Donation- donation of a thing or rights for generally useful purposes. Donations can be made to citizens, medical, educational institutions, social protection institutions, charitable, scientific and educational institutions, foundations, museums and other cultural institutions, public and religious organizations.

guardianship- cm. guardianship.

Social Work Practice- the use of knowledge and skills of social work to provide social services to a person, social stratum, group. The practice of social work includes social assistance, social therapy, social rehabilitation, insurance, guardianship, mediation, etc.

Professional ethics- the science of professional morality as a set of ideals and values, ideas about what is due, ethical principles and norms of behavior that correspond to the essence of the profession and ensure the proper nature of the relationship between people in the process of professional activity. At the same time, this is the moral self-awareness of the professional group, its psychology and ideology.

Psychosocial work- direction in social work, which pays special attention to the psychological aspects of a difficult life situation of the client. In Russia, special attention is paid to the psychological aspects of the adaptation of a social service client to changing conditions, to a difficult life situation.

Readaptation- the acquisition by a disabled person of such new skills of interaction and behavior in standard socio-cultural situations that allow him to compensate for a newly arisen defect.

Resident social work- work that is carried out in those institutions where people live on a permanent basis.

recreation- a component of the lifestyle, the process of restoring vitality, which is partially lost in the sphere of work and in everyday affairs; is closely related to the concepts of free time, leisure. It can be carried out in the form of sleep, the adoption of wellness procedures, a break in work, a change of events, switching to another type of activity.

Resocialization- the process of re-socialization of the individual, carried out on the condition that the knowledge and skills acquired earlier in the course of socialization do not contribute to socio-cultural adaptation or cause socially unacceptable behavior. It implies the replacement of previously established stereotypes of behavior with new, more functional or socially acceptable ones.

self defense- a process in which social service clients and other citizens in need of assistance openly declare their problems, rights and needs. This concept is associated with the empowerment and autonomy of people with disabilities.

self help The process by which people, groups or organizations work together to achieve goals. The focus of such actions may be a wide range of personal and social problems.

Social adaptation- the process of active adaptation of a person to new social conditions of life for him with the help of various social means. In the process of adaptation, a person acts as an object of influence of the social environment and an active subject, aware of the influence of this environment. It is not only a human condition, but also a process during which the social organism acquires balance and resistance to the influence and impact of the social environment. The main characteristic of social adaptation is adaptive potential - the degree of an individual's ability to be included in new, changing environmental conditions.

Social diagnostics- a complex process of studying a social society or a social phenomenon in order to identify, recognize and study cause-and-effect relationships and relationships that characterize its state and trends for further development.

Social protection- a system of state-guaranteed permanent and (or) long-term economic, social and legal measures that provide disabled or elderly people with conditions for overcoming, replacing (compensating) life restrictions and aimed at creating equal opportunities for them to participate in the life of society with other citizens.

Social integration- characteristics of the degree of coincidence of goals, interests of various social groups, individuals.

social infrastructure- material and material elements that provide the conditions for human life in society (in the industrial, political and spiritual spheres, in the family and everyday life); a combination of such industries as science, education, healthcare, trade, public catering, consumer services, housing and communal services, transport, communications, etc. The degree of development of social infrastructure is an important indicator of how a person lives, to what extent he is socially protected.

social correction- a set of special psychological and pedagogical measures aimed at weakening and overcoming the shortcomings of psychophysical development and deviations in behavior. The correctional activity of a social worker is carried out taking into account the impact on the client of the social environment, which determines the social goals of the correctional process.

Social marginalization - here: pushing the disabled to the periphery of socio-cultural life, i.e. reduction of the set of possible social roles and cultural identities, simplification of the socio-cultural functions available to disabled people, narrowing the range of cultural information received, a decrease in the degree of participation in social interaction and communication in comparison with the standards accepted in society.

Social mobility is the movement of individuals or social groups from one social stratum to another (for example, from the peasantry to the working class), their movement to higher or lower hierarchical positions. (The term was introduced into sociology by the Russian sociologist P. A. Sorokin.)

Social insufficiency - the social consequences of a health disorder, leading to a limitation of a person's life and the need for his social protection.

Social norm - a set of requirements and expectations that a social community (group, organization, class, society) imposes on its members in order to regulate activities and relationships.

Social pathology is a manifestation of various kinds of diseases that accompany the development of a social organism and weaken its functioning.

Social policy is the purposeful influence of the state and non-state structures on the existing system of social relations in order to improve the living and working conditions of the general population, mitigate social inequality and raise the cultural level of citizens.

Social support - the provision of cash benefits, loans, information, training / retraining opportunities and other benefits to certain groups of the able-bodied population who are temporarily in a difficult life situation.

Social assistance - periodic and (or) regular activities that contribute to the elimination or reduction of social insufficiency.

Social prevention - preventive activities carried out at the state level through a system of measures to improve the quality of life, minimize social risk factors, create conditions for the implementation of the principle of social justice. Primary social prevention It is aimed at eliminating adverse factors that cause a certain phenomenon, as well as at increasing the resistance of the individual to the influence of these factors. Its object is a group of apparently healthy people, in which there is already a certain number of people at risk (for example, those who have already tried drugs). Secondary social prevention is aimed at those who have already developed, but have not yet fully consolidated one or another form of maladaptive behavior. Its goal is the positive development of personal resources and behavioral strategies. Tertiary social prevention - It is relapse prevention.

Social work- professional activity aimed at assisting people, social groups in overcoming personal and social difficulties through support, protection, correction and rehabilitation. The emergence of the concept of "social work" is closely related to the market economy, since the achievement of its effectiveness is accompanied by social stratification. If a network of social support for the population is not created, then problems in the social sphere become aggravated, and social tension arises. The objects of activity of a social worker are: a specific person, a family, a microdistrict, a production team, specialized services, trade unions, societies, charitable organizations, education, healthcare, the army, law enforcement agencies.

Social rehabilitation- restoration (creation) of opportunities for the social functioning of the individual in the state of health that he has ascertained after the cure. It is defined as a set of measures aimed at restoring social ties and relationships that have been destroyed or lost by an individual due to a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions (disability), a change in social status (elderly citizens, refugees, internally displaced persons, the unemployed, etc.), deviant behavior of a person ( minors, persons suffering from alcoholism, drug addiction, released from places of detention, etc.).

Social sphere- the area of ​​life support of society, in which the social policy of the state is implemented, aimed at maintaining the well-being and viability of citizens, meeting the urgent needs of the population.

social therapy- interaction between a social worker and a client in order to provide the ward with specific services to organize support from others, help in solving social conflicts and problems.

social facilitation- an increase in the productivity of an individual's activity due to the imaginary or real presence of another person (group), acting as a rival or observer of his actions.

social exclusion- a process that deprives certain individuals (or families, groups, certain communities) of the resources necessary for a full life in society.

Social efficiency- a measure of evaluating the results of the implementation of sociocultural programs and projects in terms of their social necessity (contribution to the solution of a socially significant problem), social utility (reducing the level of social tension), social attractiveness (the desire to use these results).

welfare state- a democratic state based on a broad social foundation and pursuing a social policy aimed at raising or ensuring a certain standard of living of the population, protecting and exercising the rights and freedoms of citizens, creating modern education and social security systems, and supporting the poor and low-income strata of the population, prevention and successful resolution of social conflicts, etc.

social counseling- the technology of providing social assistance through a predominantly psychological impact on a person (small group) in order to socialize him, restore and optimize his social functions, guidelines, develop social norms of behavior and communication. Based on the fact that the main goal of social counseling is to assist the client in solving his social problems and establishing interpersonal relationships with others, social counseling is closest to socio-psychological counseling.

Social Security- a system of legal, economic and organizational measures created by the state aimed at compensating or minimizing the consequences of a change in the material and (or) social status of citizens due to the occurrence of circumstances recognized by the state as socially significant (insurance risks).

social services- a system of social measures that provides assistance, support and services provided by social services to individuals (groups) to overcome or mitigate life's difficulties, support their social status and full-fledged life.

Social partnership- the ideology of cooperation in all spheres of life represented in society; one of the main principles of a democratic legal social state. It contributes to the harmonization of relations between different layers, groups interacting in society.

social space- in a broad sense: everything that directly ensures the protection of the social interests of a person, the realization of the social needs of citizens, motivates or blocks the disclosure of the essential forces of a person, society. In a narrow sense: characteristics of social environments and opportunities for social development of individuals, groups, communities.

Social insurance- pension insurance; social insurance in case of temporary disability; social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases; health insurance.

Social Participation- the involvement of members of society in socially useful activity, which has a purposeful organization and is carried out on a voluntary basis.

social rights- rights that guarantee the possibility of taking actions and choosing any options for social behavior within the framework of the law. There are many social rights and freedoms granted to citizens by the Constitution and current legislation and implemented at the discretion of the participants in social relations.

social services- enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of the form of ownership and management, as well as citizens providing social services to people who are in difficult life circumstances and need outside help.

social services- 1) a complex of legal, economic, psychological, educational, medical, rehabilitation and other measures aimed at certain social groups or individuals who are in difficult life circumstances and need outside help (persons in need of social services), in order to improve or restore them life; 2) actions for social services for certain categories of citizens, clients of the social service.

Social worker- 1) specialist in the care of the elderly, disabled citizens; 2) a professionally trained specialist who has the necessary qualifications in the field of social work and provides social services.

social service- social services aimed at maximum consideration of the diverse needs of population groups and their satisfaction. Social services offer a wide range of services based on marketing activities.

Sociocultural competence- a measure of freedom of possession of knowledge and skills necessary for effective participation in the processes of interaction and communication and acquired as a result of socialization and inculturation.

Sociocultural policy- a system of measures aimed at improving the conditions and quality of life of members of society, carried out by institutional means.

Socio-cultural rehabilitation- a set of activities and a process designed to help a person with a disability achieve and maintain the optimal degree of participation in social interaction and communication, the necessary level of cultural competence, which provides him with the opportunity for positive changes in lifestyle and the most complete integration into society by expanding the scope of his independence.

sociocultural function- an action (a set of actions) aimed at achieving a certain socially useful goal, at solving some socially significant task, at obtaining a specific utilitarian result.

Territorial social work- one of the directions of macrosocial work, work with people in the territory of their residence.

Difficult life situation- a situation that objectively violates the life of a citizen (disability, inability to self-service due to advanced age, illness, orphanhood, neglect, low income, unemployment, lack of a fixed place of residence, conflicts, abuse in the family, loneliness, etc.), which he cannot overcome on his own, and therefore he needs help and support from social services.

Difficult life circumstances- Circumstances objectively disrupting the normal life of an individual, the consequences of which he cannot overcome on his own (disability, partial loss of motor activity due to old age or health status, loneliness, orphanhood, homelessness, lack of housing or work, violence, negative relationships in the family, low income, psychological or mental disorder, natural disaster, catastrophe, etc.).

Human resources management- one of the ways to improve the efficiency of social protection of the population. Personnel management of an organization implies the following forms of work with it: the formalization of methods and procedures for the selection of personnel, the development of scientific criteria for their assessment, a scientific approach to the analysis of the needs of personnel, the promotion of young and promising employees, increasing the validity of personnel decisions and expanding their publicity, the systematic linking of economic and state decisions with the main elements of personnel policy.

Standard of living- the provision of the population with the necessary material goods, the level of their consumption achieved and the degree of satisfaction of the rational needs of various social groups.

Installation (attitude)- readiness, predisposition of the subject to the perception of future events and actions in a certain direction. Provides a stable purposeful nature of the course of the relevant activity, serves as the basis for the expedient selective activity of a person.

District social service- a form of social work to identify early trouble in families, to provide comprehensive social assistance to such families, as well as to prevent neglect and homelessness of minors.

Social service institutions- institutions providing social services to the population. The procedure for the creation, operation, reorganization and liquidation of social service institutions and enterprises, regardless of the form of ownership, is regulated by the civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

Fundraising(English, fundraising- fundraising) - an organized search and collection of financial and other funds (donations) to ensure the activities of non-profit organizations, charitable support for socially significant projects, programs and actions, public institutions.

Philanthropist- an adherent of philanthropy, a patron of the needy, a philanthropist who cares about the fate of mankind.

Fund- a non-profit organization without membership established by citizens and (or) legal entities on the basis of voluntary property contributions and pursuing social, charitable, cultural, educational or other socially useful goals. Depending on the composition of the founders, goals and forms of activity, there are private, public, non-profit, charitable, local community, grant-giving, etc.

Value- a concept used in philosophy and sociology to refer to objects, phenomena, their properties, as well as abstract ideas that embody social ideals and, due to this, act as a standard of due.

Ageism(from English, age- age) - discrimination carried out by some age groups in relation to others.

Ethics of the social worker- a set of ethical norms formulated by the community of social workers and regulating their activities.

social work etiquette- rules of conduct adopted in the community of social workers; a set of theoretical ethical norms that regulate the activities of a social worker. It is a set of practical rules regarding the behavior of a social worker in certain situations.

Code of Ethics for the Social Worker- a set of moral norms prescribed for execution, adopted by the association (union) of professional social workers and serving as the standard of ethical relations in professional activities.

The effectiveness of social work- the maximum possible satisfaction of the social needs of the population at optimal costs.

Management of the social development of an organization: textbook Oksinoid Konstantin Eliasovich

Brief glossary of terms

Brief glossary of terms

Adaptation is the adaptation of self-organizing systems to changing environmental conditions.

Social adaptation is the process and result of the active adaptation of an individual or group to the conditions of a new social environment.

Professional adaptation - the adaptation of a person to the requirements of the profession, the assimilation of the production, technical and social norms of behavior necessary for the performance of certain labor functions.

A sociological questionnaire is a type of questionnaire used to collect data in a written survey (questionnaire). Questions of the questionnaire are formulated and connected among themselves according to certain rules.

Questionnaire survey is one of the main methods of collecting data necessary for the development of forecasts and plans for the social development of the organization.

The quality of working life is a concept derived from the concept quality of life. It expresses the degree and completeness of satisfaction of the material and cultural needs of the employees of the enterprise and their families, due to the nature, conditions, content and result of their work. The concept of social management of an organization, which consists in taking into account the needs and determining ways to improve the well-being of employees, expand their participation in decision-making, improve a set of working conditions (in the broadest sense) in order to increase the functional efficiency of the organization.

Quantitative indicators of the quality of working life are a set of indicators of the standard of living that reflect the composition and volume of various benefits per worker or group of workers (workers, employees), the state of the environment (both industrial and social), etc.

A collective agreement is a legal document that fixes specific conditions of employment for a given period, drawn up on the basis of an agreement between representatives of employees of an enterprise, industry or group of industries of the national economy and entrepreneurs.

The labor collective is a kind of labor community, the majority of whose members perceive common production goals as their own. In other words, the goals of the organization are the internalized, own goals of the majority of a given labor community.

Culture is a specific system of ways of organizing human communities, which, along with economic activity, ensures their preservation, reproduction and self-development. It manifests itself in the form of material and spiritual products of activity, the central place among which is occupied by general (basic) ideas about man and the world and the values ​​associated with them. Basic ideas and values ​​form the foundation of culture, on which direct regulators of the behavior of people and groups are built - patterns of perception of the actions and behavior of others, thinking and activity.

The culture of an organization (corporate, organizational culture) is one of the many elements of the culture of a society, which is a certain reflection and part of it. The culture of an organization - the most important characteristic of its social community - consists in the ideas of its employees about the purpose of the organization (mission), shared by the majority of values, ideals, goals, means used to achieve them, traditions, norms of relations between colleagues, managers and performers.

The object of social management is social systems, subsystems, their elements and connections, which are purposefully affected. In social systems, there is a coincidence (more or less) of the object and subject of management.

The social development plan is an official document that serves as the main means of managing the social development of an organization. Determines the composition of activities, quantitative values ​​of indicators of the volume of material, social, cultural and other benefits provided to employees of the organization and their families, the timing of the provision, as well as the composition of the resources required for this. The implementation of the social development plan serves as the basis for the implementation of the collective agreement.

The social development program is a set of measures subordinated to the solution of the most urgent social problem (task) of the organization, which must be completed within a given period of time. For example, a program for the construction of a recreation center for employees of the enterprise.

Social infrastructure is a system of institutions and organizations, a material base that creates conditions for rational labor and other types of people's activities (socio-political, cultural, family, recreational, etc.), allowing them to realize themselves as full-fledged participants in public life.

A social system is an association of people, a complex of institutions, their elements that exist as a single whole, actively interacting with the environment, capable of purposeful actions, self-organization and development.

The social environment is the social, material and spiritual conditions surrounding a person for his existence and activity. In a broad sense (macroenvironment), the social environment includes the socio-economic system as a whole: productive forces, social relations and institutions, public consciousness and culture. In a narrow sense (microenvironment) - the immediate environment of a person - family members, labor, educational and other small groups, of which he is a member.

Social - 1. A human-related property of various phenomena, objects and processes, opposed to their natural and biological properties. 2. A common property inherent in various individuals and groups, which is the result of their interactions and participation in a common system of relations. Occurs when the behavior of one individual (group) is influenced by another individual (group). 3. Scope, area, area of ​​activity or object of management, not directly related to the economy and production. This includes, in particular, education, health care, pensions, care for motherhood, childhood, the disabled, etc.

Social development is a social process consisting in such a change in social systems that entails the enrichment and differentiation of their elements and the connections between them. As a result of social development, there is a transition of the social system from one qualitatively defined state to another, characterized by a wide variety of properties and possibilities.

Social management is the impact on society and its constituent subsystems, elements and connections between them in order to streamline, ensure sustainable functioning, improvement and development.

Social standards - standardized values ​​of the amount of social benefits provided by the organization to its employees or local governments to the population living in the relevant territory. They are expressed in relative units (the size of benefits / person). They serve as a means of monitoring the state and planning the development of the social sphere for a given period of time (usually a year).

The subject of social management is the state, organization, enterprise, social community or institutions acting on their behalf, making decisions and ensuring their implementation in order to create, operate and develop objects and systems that serve to satisfy the material and cultural needs of people.

Employment relationships are the day-to-day, rule-based interactions between employers and employees, and the more formal procedures and institutions by which the two groups determine wages and other conditions of employment, including the scope and composition of benefits that are the subject of social development planning and collective bargaining. contracts.

Management is a functional element or function of organized systems of various nature - biological, social and technical. The implementation of this function ensures the preservation of the structure of the controlled system, supports a certain mode of activity, and the implementation of a program to achieve the goal.

Factors of social development - a set of phenomena or processes of a natural, cultural, legal and social nature, as well as scientific, technical, production and economic, affecting the qualitative changes in social systems (societies, institutions, organizations, large and small social groups).

The functioning of social systems is a regular, mostly cyclical activity of social communities, institutions, organizations, subordinated to the implementation of standard, routine tasks.

Brief terminological dictionary Addresser - the owner and sender of information, he is also a communicator. Addressee - the recipient of information. Acoustic image - a phenomenon that is perceived by ear or pronounced. Verbal behavior - human behavior,

BRIEF TERMINOLOGICAL GLOSSARY Exhibitions and fairs are market events where exhibitors present goods and services produced on the basis of exhibition samples. (From the Concept for the development of exhibition and fair activities in the Russian Federation). Exhibitions - market

Glossary of terms Recruitment agencies - organizations that, by order of the company, select personnel for work. Services for candidates are usually free of charge. Agencies perform their work, guided by existing legislation and business ethics. In

GLOSSARY OF PROFESSIONAL TERMS Professional vocabulary occupies an exclusive place in the marketer's vocabulary, and mastering it will be extremely useful for you. Of course, everything here is in the best traditions of marketing. CRM (relationship-oriented marketing

Glossary of cybernetic terms used in the book Since there is no official organization for defining cybernetic terminology, the following are my own definitions. Some terms are taken by me from other sciences, and they can be used

Appendix A Glossary of terms Project audience. Everyone who supports the project or shows interest in it, as well as those for whom it has any meaning. The main supporter of the project. An influential person in your organization who provides full support to the project,

English-Russian dictionary of terms used in media planning ADI (area of ​​dominant influence) - "area of ​​​​dominant influence", the territory covered by the signal of the TV station

Glossary of terms 1G is the first generation of mobile communication, which includes analog communication standards. 2G is a symbol for second generation networks. These include communication standards such as GSM, D-AMPS, TDMA, CDMA.3G - third generation mobile communication technologies - a set of

The most important component of the system of logically ordered knowledge is the conceptual apparatus of science - a set of concepts, categories and terms that allow in a generalized form to reflect the phenomena studied by this science, as well as the connections between them by fixing their essential properties, features and patterns.

It is customary to distinguish between the concepts of two levels. First, these are concepts that reflect the empirical experience of social work, the results of observations and experiments. Secondly, concepts formed by interpreting primary concepts (concepts of the first level) and logical operations on them.

Classification of concepts according to the degree of generality:

• 1. general scientific (subject, object, interaction, cause, effect, pattern, system, element, connections, relationships, development, change);
• 2. concepts of social sciences (society, culture, man, individual, personality, activity, consciousness, behavior);
• 3. concepts used in social work and related disciplines (deviant behavior, anomie, socialization, adaptation, rehabilitation, counseling);
• 4. specific concepts of social work (individual social work, group social work, social protection, socio-psychological counseling, difficult life situation, social service, social orphanhood, escapism).
• 5. It is customary to distinguish between the concepts of two levels. First, these are concepts that reflect the empirical experience of social work, the results of observations and experiments. They are usually called primary. Secondly, concepts formed by interpreting primary concepts and logical operations on them. They constitute the second-order level and belong to theoretical concepts.
• 6. The most important, key concepts of any science, which form the basis of its apparatus, are called categories. The question of the categories of social sciences is quite complicated, since the social phenomena and processes reflected by them are very changeable, diverse, their aspects are closely intertwined with each other, they are interpreted differently by individual branches of social knowledge, which leads to the relativity and permeability of the boundaries between these very categories, polyparadigm of the theory of social work. Therefore, in order to streamline their diversity, we can talk about the following groups of concepts and categories of social work:
• 1. categories that are not specific to the theory of social work, since the phenomena and processes they designate are also studied by other sciences (naturally, such phenomena are considered by each science through the prism of its subject and methods used); for example, "social relations", "social activity", "socialization", "personality", etc.;
• 2. categories related to the theory of social work primarily, but also used by other branches of knowledge, for example, “psychosocial work”, “social rehabilitation”, “family conflict”, etc.;
• 3. categories that are actually categories of social work, such as “social worker”, “social service”, “targeted social assistance”, etc.

In addition to this differentiation in terms of the level of generalization of concepts, the categories of social work should also be analyzed in terms of their content. In this sense, the first group should include concepts that reflect the specifics of the organization of social work in various areas of social practice. For example, the conceptual apparatus of social work in educational institutions will partially differ from the system of terms and categories that describe social work in medical institutions. There are also peculiarities in social work with such categories of clients as persons with disabilities, the elderly, refugees, families and children at risk. We can also single out social work in special situations, for example, in zones of ecological disaster, military conflicts, etc.

The second group consists of concepts that reflect various aspects of the organization of professional and voluntary social work, a technological approach to the provision of social assistance. Such concepts include social work management, social service economics, psychosocial methods, and so on. Undoubtedly, as empirical research on social work expands and its theoretical knowledge deepens and refines, the system of categories of social work will be enriched.

The most important structural element of social work, like any other branch of social knowledge, is its laws. The effectiveness and efficiency of solving the problems of social protection of the population is largely determined by the optimal level of structure and functioning of social service institutions, the scientific validity of the choice of content and technological methods of interaction with clients, taking into account in the practice of working with people direct and indirect connections and mutual influences of needs and interests, moods and motives behavior of individuals in various life circumstances. The laws of social work most fully express in an integrated form the nature and direction of the totality of social connections and phenomena related to the social situation of the client.

SOCIAL ADAPTATION - the process and result of the active adaptation of an individual, stratum, group to the conditions of a new social environment, to changing or already changed social conditions of life. You. two forms are distinguished: a) active, when the subject seeks to influence the environment in order to change it (for example, changing the form, values, forms of interaction and activities that he must master); b) passive, when the subject does not seek such an impact and change. Indicators of successful A.S. the high social status of an individual (stratum, group) in a given environment, his psychological satisfaction with this environment as a whole and its most important elements (in particular, satisfaction with work and its conditions, its content, remuneration, organization) stand out. Indicators of low A.S. are: moving the subject to another social environment (staff turnover, migration, divorces), anomie and deviant behavior. The success of A.S. depends on the characteristics of the environment and the subject.

ADMINISTRATION - governing bodies that, on the basis of the rights granted to them, carry out executive and administrative functions to maintain a certain order, organize activities at enterprises and institutions, within individual districts, territorial entities and other communities. The governing bodies also have social services at all levels. They are called upon to manage social work within their competence.

SOCIAL ACTIVITY - conscious, purposeful activity of a person, social group, community, focused on the transformation of objective social conditions, the formation of social qualities of an individual (group). A.s. - characteristics of activity, reflecting the degree of realization and development of people's social capabilities (abilities, knowledge, skills, aspirations, goals, tasks). The main areas of A.S. - socio-political and labor activity. The incentive mechanisms for A.S. in modern conditions are the use of various forms of direct democracy, publicity, the expansion of the rights of labor collectives, entrepreneurship. A.s. finds, in particular, its expression in the emergence of new social movements and organizations, in charitable activities, etc.

ALIMENTS - funds that, in cases established by law, some family members are obliged to pay for the maintenance of others. Family law establishes the circle of persons entitled to A., obliged to pay them, the amount and terms of payment of A. If the voluntary payment of A. is refused, they can be recovered through the court.

ALCOHOLISM - a pathological craving for alcohol, accompanied by social and moral degradation of the individual. Alcohol dependence is formed gradually and is determined by the complex changes that occur in the body of the drinking person. The craving for alcohol is manifested in a person's behavior in the form of increased fussiness in preparation for drinking, rubbing hands, and emotional elation.

The main factors influencing the formation of A. are hereditary factors, character, individual properties of a person, and features of the environment in which he lives and works. Alcoholization is also promoted by a low level of financial situation and education, the custom of treating each other, early initiation to alcohol (in adolescence), the desire to overcome shyness, etc.

There are three stages in the alcoholization process. At the first stage, dependence on alcohol is already clearly manifested: the patient will not miss the opportunity to drink. At the second stage, the craving for alcohol acquires the features of a physiological dependence, when the body requires more and more alcohol. The third stage is characterized by the extreme depletion of the body's compensatory capabilities, which is expressed in a sharp decrease in tolerance: patients get drunk already from small doses of alcohol.

A.'s treatment requires a radical restructuring of the personality, the formation of a solid sober setting. In this, the patient can be assisted by psychologists, physicians, social workers; psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, autogenic training, sensitization, occupational therapy, alcohol propaganda, etc. are used. However, the success of treatment depends on the patient himself.

ALTRUISM - selflessness, conscious and voluntary service to people, the desire to help others, to promote their happiness based on the motive of love, devotion, fidelity, mutual assistance, sympathy, compassion. The term was introduced by O. Comte as the opposite in meaning to egoism. It is one of the principles in social work. Testing for the ability to A. is an important requirement for admission to educational institutions and employment.

AMORALISM:

1) a socio-historical phenomenon, expressed in the denial of generally accepted norms of morality in people's behavior;

2) the principle of practical or ideological orientation, which justifies the legitimacy of a nihilistic attitude to universal norms of morality in human behavior, as well as in the policy pursued by certain groups of people or political parties;

3) a characteristic of the totality of the negative qualities of a person, his actions and way of life (meanness, dishonor, lack of principle, betrayal, shamelessness, lies, deceit, etc.).

ANOMIA - a term meaning various types of violations in the value-normative system of society; this is a state of society in which a noticeable part of it, knowing about the existence of norms binding them, treats them negatively or indifferently. The concept of A. was introduced by the French sociologist E. Durkheim. Then it was developed by the American sociologist R. Merton, who considers A. as the basis of deviant behavior, a state of consciousness that is caused by the impossibility of achieving individual goals in “legal ways”. It is currently used in the study of crisis phenomena, transitional social states, in the sociology of law and morality, in the field of social work - in the study and solution of problems of deviant behavior.

APARTHEID is the most extreme form of racial discrimination. It means the deprivation and significant restriction of the political, socio-economic and civil rights of any group of the population up to its territorial isolation in the so-called reservations (reserves). Certain acts of genocide belong to A. Modern international law considers A. a crime against humanity. In 1973, the UN adopted the International Convention for the Suppression and Punishment of A.

ASCETISM - an extreme form of abstinence from sensual pleasures, conscious suppression of natural desires and needs, complete disregard for material goods and the joys of earthly life. As a moral principle, it opposes hedonism, which elevates pleasure to the highest good and the goal of life. There are two main varieties of A. - religious and moral, taking specific forms and motivations in different historical eras. Religious A. manifests itself most often in the form of hermitage, solitude, in various kinds of self-torture, fasting, celibacy, etc. Moral, so-called worldly A. acquired, in particular, the form of protest against property inequality, luxury and idleness of the ruling classes. The scientific solution of the issue lies in overcoming the extremes of both A. and hedonism, in the realization of all the richness of the essence of man, in achieving the joy of being and the fullness of the sensation of life.

ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS - associations of specialists in the field of social work. In Russia, several

A.S.R.: Interregional Association of Social Workers (established in 1991); Association of Social Workers (established in 1992); Association of Social Educators and Social Workers (established in 1990); Association of collectives of universities and schools of social work (created in 1993). They take part in the activities of the International Federation of Social Workers and other international organizations, cooperate with national associations of various countries.

POVERTY - an indicator of the income of a family (or a separately living person) in accordance with the number of its members, the age of its head and the number of children under 18 and corresponds to the minimum level of consumption.

B. is defined as the presence of shortcomings in something, as the scarcity of funds, income, designed to satisfy the material and other needs of people.

Poor or needy - people whose monthly income per family member is less than the minimum consumer basket (minimum consumer budget) or equal to the minimum wage.

In the 1990s In Russia, the systemic crisis predetermined the need to use indicators of the minimum wage, rather than the subsistence minimum, in solving the problems of social protection of the population.

The level of B. in society is used to establish the size of the minimum wage, pensions, allowances, scholarships, estimates of expenses for the maintenance of citizens in nursing homes, the disabled, children in orphanages and children's homes, patients in hospitals, convicted in correctional labor institutions. Since the subsistence minimum in our country is now one of the lowest in the world, the indicated expenditures for the needs of urgently needy groups and strata of the population are extremely low compared to similar expenditures in developed countries.

A REFUGEE is a person who is not a citizen of the Russian Federation and who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, citizenship, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his or her nationality and cannot benefit from protection of that country or is unwilling to avail itself of such protection owing to such fear; or, having no particular nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or unwilling to return to it owing to such fear.

NON-SUPERVISED - a minor whose behavior is not controlled due to non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of duties for his upbringing, education and (or) maintenance on the part of parents or legal representatives or officials.

UNEMPLOYED are able-bodied citizens who do not have work and earnings, are registered with the employment service in order to find a suitable job, are looking for work and are ready to start it.

HOME - homeless, without a place of residence and (or) place of stay.

WELFARE - the provision of the population with the necessary material, social and spiritual benefits, that is, objects, services and conditions that satisfy certain human needs. Depends on the level of development of productive forces, the nature of production relations, the degree of development of society as a whole. B. is expressed by a system of indicators characterizing the standard of living.

CHARITY:

1) in the narrow sense - the provision by individuals or organizations of gratuitous assistance to needy people or social groups (strata) of the population;

2) in a broad sense - gratuitous activities for the creation and transfer of financial, material and spiritual values ​​​​(benefits) to meet the urgent needs of a person, social group, stratum, society, caught in a difficult life situation.

Voluntary activities of citizens and legal entities for the disinterested (gratuitous or on preferential terms) transfer of property to citizens or legal entities, including funds, disinterested performance of work, provision of services, provision of other support.

MARRIAGE is a historically conditioned, sanctioned and regulated by society form of relations between a man and a woman, establishing their rights and obligations in relation to each other, children and society. According to the procedure of the marriage ceremony, B. is distinguished between civil and church, as well as actual (marital relations are not formalized in the manner prescribed by law). According to the structure B. are divided into monogamous (countries of Europe and America) and polygamous (some countries of Asia and Africa).

STATE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE - the provision of social benefits, social supplements to pensions, subsidies, social services and essential goods to low-income families, low-income citizens living alone.

STATE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL SERVICES -

a system consisting of both state-owned enterprises and social service institutions owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and administered by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

CITIZENS WISHING TO ADOPT CHILDREN FOR UPBRINGING IN THEIR FAMILIES - citizens of the Russian Federation permanently residing on the territory of the Russian Federation and wishing to adopt (adopt) children left without parental care, take them under guardianship (guardianship) or in foster families, as well as citizens of the Russian Federation permanently residing outside the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons wishing to adopt (adopt) children left without parental care, if there are grounds established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

RISK GROUPS - persons (contingent) with an increased risk of AIDS: prostitutes, homosexuals, drug addicts, venereal patients, etc.

Any social community that contributes to the emergence, development and implementation of antisocial behavior of minors.

HUMANISM:

1) in a broad sense - a historically changing system of views based on the recognition of the value of a person as a person, his right to freedom, happiness, development and manifestation of his abilities. The good of a person is considered a criterion for evaluating social institutions, and the principles of equality, justice, humanity - the norm of relations between people;

2) in the narrow sense - the cultural movement of the Renaissance. One of the most important principles of social work.

HUMANITARIAN AID - material, financial, economic charitable support to people provided by international state, public organizations and individuals in case of natural disasters and socio-economic upheavals, wars and other misfortunes that have befallen the country and its citizens.

HUMANITY - humanity, benevolent attitude towards people, their dignity (as opposed to cruel, unfriendly).

DEVIANT BEHAVIOR - behavior that is contrary to the legal and (or) moral norms accepted in society.

SOCIAL ACTION - a conscious action of a person, usually caused by his needs, which is associated with the actions of another person or other people, focused on their behavior, affects them and, in turn, is influenced by the behavior of others. In the doctrine of D.s. M. Weber made a particularly great contribution. It has received further development in modern sociology (phenomenology, functionalism and other areas). D.s. includes: subject, environment or “situation”; the orientation of the subject to the conditions of the environment, to the “situation”; orientation of the subject to another (or others).

CHILDREN IN DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATION - children left without parental care; disabled children; children with disabilities, i.e., those with disabilities in physical and (or) mental development; children - victims of armed and interethnic conflicts, environmental and man-made disasters, natural disasters; children from families of refugees and internally displaced persons; children in extreme conditions; children are victims of violence; children serving sentences of imprisonment in educational colonies; children in special educational institutions; children living in low-income families; children with behavioral problems; children whose life activity is objectively impaired as a result of the circumstances and who cannot overcome these circumstances on their own or with the help of the family.

CHILDREN LEFT WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE - persons under the age of 18 who were left without the care of a single or both parents due to the absence of parents or deprivation of their parental rights, restriction of their parental rights, recognition of parents as missing, incapacitated (limitedly capable) who are in medical institutions, declaring them dead, serving their sentences in institutions that carry out punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty, being in places of detention suspected and accused of committing crimes; evasion of parents from raising children or from protecting their rights and interests, refusal of parents to take their children from educational, medical institutions, institutions of social protection of the population and other similar institutions and in other cases of recognizing a child left without parental care in the manner prescribed by law.

ORPHANS - persons under the age of 18 whose both or only parent have died.

EMPLOYMENT is the activity of citizens related to the satisfaction of personal and social needs, which does not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation and, as a rule, brings them earnings, labor income.

DEPENDENCE - providing the unemployed (sick, elderly, minor, etc.) with the means necessary for subsistence.

IMMIGRATION - entry into the country for temporary or permanent residence of citizens of another state (for political, religious and other reasons).

DISABLED - a person who has a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions, caused by diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a limitation of life and causing the need for his social protection.

SOCIAL SERVICE CLIENT - a citizen who is in a difficult life situation, who is provided with social services in connection with this.

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CLIMATE - the social and psychological state of the team, the nature of value orientations, interpersonal relationships and mutual expectations in it. There are K.s.-p. auspicious and inauspicious, healthy and unhealthy.

It is of exceptional importance in the implementation of the forms, methods and principles of social work.

CODE OF ETHICS - a set of rules and norms (formal and informal) that regulate social behavior, role, intragroup and intergroup interaction, prescribed for execution. K.e. can be general social (observed throughout the community), professional (peculiar to a particular profession: doctor, teacher, military man, scientist, social worker, etc.), national (reflecting mental traits), religious (observed by people of the same religion), and also characteristic of a particular social group: age (youth, elderly), status (intelligentsia, elite), etc. K.e. reflects the foundations and norms of behavior of various social groups connected by a common culture (subculture). K.e. performs the following functions: creating the foundations for interpersonal and intercultural interaction, forming role interaction, substantiating social expectations and social understanding. In the professional sphere, it is an indispensable condition for increasing the efficiency of activity.

CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS (EUROPEAN) - an international treaty of 1950 in the field of human rights protection, based on the principles of ensuring objective standards and providing protection to individuals against the abuse of state power.

The legal regime of the convention is based on the acceptance by the member states of the obligation to provide every citizen with the standards adopted by the convention in the field of protection of human rights.

On the basis of the convention were formed:

European Commission of Human Rights;

European Court of Human Rights.

FAMILY COUNSELING - a targeted psychological impact on the family and its members in order to restore, optimize its functioning and improve relations between its members, create favorable intra-family conditions for the development of the family and its members.

SOCIAL COUNSELING - a special form of providing social assistance through targeted psychological impact on a person or a small group in order to socialize them, restore and optimize their social functions, guidelines, and develop social norms of communication. There are the following areas of K.s: medical-social, psychological, socio-pedagogical, social-legal, social-administrative, social-innovative, etc. Organization of K.s. includes regional social counseling centers and specialized services (family counseling, marital counseling, psychological assistance and counseling, helpline, C.S. services in medical institutions and public organizations).

CONFIDENTIALITY - confidentiality, not subject to publicity; the ethical principle that a social worker (or other worker) has no right to disclose information about a client without the consent of the latter. This may include information about the identity of the client, professional judgments about the client, materials from the “medical history”. In special cases, social workers may be legally required to give certain authorities certain information (e.g. threats to use force, crimes committed, suspected child abuse, etc.) that will lead to prosecution.

SOCIAL CONFLICT - clash of parties, opinions, forces; the highest stage of development of contradictions in the system of relations between people and social institutions. Allocate international conflicts - between nations, states; conflicts of classes, social groups and strata within society; conflicts between small groups, families, individuals.

The removal or weakening of the conflict (especially between small groups, in families, between individuals) is one of the most important tasks of social activity specialists.

LABOR CONFLICT is a kind of social conflict. It appears in the following main forms:

1) boycott by workers of certain types of production activities (without stopping the main work);

2) increased staff turnover (massive change of the main job);

3) strikes and strikes;

4) sabotage (collective failure to comply with the instructions of the leadership);

5) forced reduction by the employer of working hours of workers;

6) delay in payment of wages;

7) lockouts (mass layoffs). Occurrence, flow and resolution of K.t. largely predetermined by the essence and content of the social policy of the state, the degree of social protection of the population.

PERSONALITY:

1) a stable system of socially significant features that characterize an individual as a member of society, community, group;

2) an individual carrier of these traits as a free and responsible subject of conscious volitional activity. Sociological analysis JI. involves the allocation in it of socially typical characterological and moral qualities, knowledge and skills, value orientations and social attitudes, the prevailing motives of activity, necessary for the performance of social functions.

In L., as in a person in general, it is necessary to see (especially in the process of social work) three components: social, psychological, and physiological (biological).

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY - an irresponsible person who causes damage to others by his activities, unable to feel guilty, often in conflict with others and public institutions, inclined to blame others and not learn from mistakes, showing intolerance, etc. This behavior pattern indicates insufficient socialization and is one of the most common personality disorders.

MARGINAL - a person who is in an intermediate, borderline position between any social groups (or cultures), who has lost his former social ties and has not adapted to new living conditions. Most often, these are representatives of migrants, ethnic minorities, rural residents who have been moved to cities and do not have the conditions for the perception and assimilation of the urban lifestyle, its norms, values, attitudes, etc.

The marginal is a special and difficult object in the activities of social services, social workers.

MARGINALITY - the state of groups of people or individuals placed by social development on the verge of two (or several) cultures participating in the interaction of these cultures, but not completely adjoining to any of them; marginal state; being in a marginal, intermediate position between any social groups.

MOTHERHOOD - the biological and social attitude of the mother to the child (children). The biological relationship is determined by the origin of the child from the mother (blood relationship). It is associated with the performance of a woman’s reproductive function and is the basis for the legal establishment of M. Biological and legal M. may not coincide (for example, during adoption or in the case of “multiple motherhood” in traditional tribal societies or underdeveloped agro-industrial societies).

M. is an integral part of the social institution of parenthood and affects the functioning of families as a small socio-psychological group. M.'s main functions are reproductive and educational. The first function is sometimes denoted by the terms “pro-creative”, “generative”, and its content includes the meaning of the second function (care for children, their upbringing and education). M. (together with fatherhood) most fully satisfies the sensory, cognitive, emotional and social needs of the child, ensures its gradual inclusion in the system of social relations, and facilitates the assimilation of social roles.

The significance of mathematics as an institution of education varies depending on the socioeconomic and other conditions of the development of society (from exclusively social to home education).

M. as a social institution occupies a fairly large place in the activities of social workers, various social services of modern society.

MANAGEMENT IN SOCIAL WORK - management carried out in a special area of ​​social activity - social work aimed at helping, supporting, protecting all people, especially the so-called weak strata and groups.

Control objects in M.s.r. are social workers, employees, the whole system of relationships that develops between people in the process of social protection of the population. The subjects of management are the heads of social services and the governing bodies formed by them, endowed with managerial functions.

The process of managing social work involves a certain organizational structure of management. It is understood as a set of elements of governing bodies and stable links between them, ensuring its integrity, the preservation of its basic properties during various internal and external changes. The main requirements for the organizational structure of management (OSU) in general and in social work in particular are the presence of a minimum number of links and levels of management, a clear distribution of functions, stability, continuity, efficiency and flexibility of management.

CHARACTERISTICS - social activities aimed at supporting the development of culture, art, science, providing various kinds of assistance and support to creative workers and organizations from persons and organizations that have material, financial and other opportunities to provide assistance. It originated in ancient Rome, was widespread in Russia in the late 19th - early 20th centuries.

POPULATION MIGRATION - a socio-economic and demographic process, which is a set of movements made by people between countries, regions, settlements. There are episodic, pendulum, seasonal and irrevocable migration. This is the most important mechanism of urbanization.

The study of migration processes, the state of migrants is one of the most important areas of social work at the present stage of development of our country.

M.S. can be natural and artificial, forced. The immediate causes of the latter:

1) deformation of social well-being (for example, Russian speakers in the CIS countries);

2) politics;

3) interethnic conflicts, military operations;

4) environmental disasters.

SOCIAL MICROENVIRONMENT - a set of small groups, contact teams and organizations that include a person in the process of social communication and activity. Knowledge of M.s. the client is the most important factor in successful social activity.

MERCY - willingness to help someone or forgive someone out of compassion, philanthropy.

alms - money or goods distributed for charitable purposes to the poor, the needy.

SOCIAL MODELING - a scientific method of cognition of social objects by displaying their main characteristics, features on models specially created for this purpose. MS is considered both in a broad (modeling of social processes) and in a narrow sense (the study of social processes proper by constructing appropriate models).

YOUTH - a socio-demographic group that has specific social and psychological features, due to the age characteristics of young people, the process of formation of their spiritual world, the specifics of their position in the social structure of society. Typically, youth refers to people between the ages of 16 and 30.

DRUG ADDICTION - morbid craving, addiction to the systematic use of drugs, leading to severe impairment of physical and mental functions. A detailed definition of drug addiction is given by a commission of WHO experts. N. is “a mental and sometimes also a physical condition resulting from the interaction between a living organism and a narcotic drug, characterized by behavioral characteristics and other reactions that always include the need for constant or periodically renewed intake of this narcotic drug in order to experience its mental effect or to avoid the discomfort associated with its absence.”

DRUGS - a group of natural and synthetic substances that have an analgesic and hypnotic effect (for example, morphine, opium), the abuse of which leads to drug addiction.

A MINOR IN A SOCIALLY DANGEROUS SITUATION - a person under the age of 18 who, due to neglect or homelessness, is in an environment that poses a danger to his life or health or does not meet the requirements for his upbringing or maintenance, or commits an offense or antisocial actions.

DISABLED CITIZENS - people with disabilities, including those disabled since childhood, children with disabilities, children under the age of 18 who have lost one or both parents, citizens from among the indigenous peoples of the North who have reached the age of 55 and 50 years (men and women, respectively), citizens who have reached the age of 65 and 60 years (men and women, respectively), who are not entitled to a pension provided for by the Federal Law “On labor pensions in the Russian Federation”.

SOCIAL STANDARDS - a scientifically substantiated characteristic of the optimal state of the social process (or one of its sides), obtained on the basis of taking into account the objective laws of social development. They are differentiated depending on specific national, natural, socio-demographic characteristics, as well as on areas of human life (labor, socio-political life, culture, life, interpersonal relations). Unlike the sphere of work, culture, and everyday life, the definition of standards in other areas is difficult. Therefore, in the practice of planning, the concept of a social landmark is used.

SOCIAL NORMS - means of social regulation of the behavior of individuals and groups. They are developed in all spheres of social practice and in all types of social relations. They are formed as norms-rules and norms-expectations that determine the form, motivation, orientation, assessment of the behavior of group members and determine the forms and allowable deviations in their (group members) interactions and manifestations.

CUSTODIA AND CUSTODIA - a form of placement of orphans and children left without parental care, for the purpose of their maintenance, upbringing and education, as well as for the protection of their rights and interests; guardianship is established over children under the age of 14; guardianship is established over children aged 14 to 18 years.

LONELINESS:

1) emotional as a result of the lack of attachment to a particular person (love, friendship);

2) social as a result of the lack of an accessible social circle, i.e., significant friendships or a sense of community;

O. is the state of a lonely person.

SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP - a concept most often used to refer to labor relations characterized by a common position and coordinated actions of employees, employers and the state. They are usually represented at negotiations at the conclusion of collective agreements by trade unions, employers' organizations, representatives of the administration of state enterprises, institutions or organizations. Basic principles of P.S. - consideration of mutual requirements and responsibility, respect for each other's interests, resolution of disputes and conflict situations at the negotiating table, willingness of the parties to compromise, consistent implementation of the agreements reached, signed agreements. P.s. (labor agreements) is an important factor in the social protection of workers and employees, members of their families.

PATRONAGE - education and provision of necessary assistance to children in need of state protection, carried out in the form of foster care or social patronage.

PENITENTIARY INSTITUTIONS - correctional labor institutions in which people who have committed an offense or crime are serving their sentences.

PENSIONERS - people who receive pensions from public funds for old age, disability or the breadwinner, for long service. Appointment of pensions and determination of their amount, as well as control over the correctness of their payment is carried out by the bodies of social protection of the population. The sources of payment of pensions are the Pension Fund and the state budget. Social work should be built taking into account the specifics of various groups of the population, social interests, include measures for the social and psychological adaptation of P. to various life situations, medical and social rehabilitation, social services and security.

SOCIAL SUPPORT - a system of measures to provide assistance to certain categories of citizens who are temporarily in a difficult economic situation (partially or completely unemployed, student youth, etc.) by providing them with the necessary information, financial resources, loans, education, legal protection and the introduction of other benefits.

TEENAGERS - boys and girls in the transitional age from childhood to adolescence (usually from 12 to 16 years). The main specific features of this category are determined by the physical, psychological and social formation of the individual, which occurs during this period. Social work should be carried out taking into account the peculiarities of P.

ELDERLY PEOPLE - people who live a relatively long life, as a result of which they experience certain psychophysical limitations. According to the World Health Organization, the age from 60 to 74 years old is recognized as old, from 75 to 89 years old - senile, from 90 years and older - the age of centenarians. The term P.l. often used as a synonym for "old people". P.L., especially sick and lonely, need all-round help and support. Their needs are met in social service centers, including home social assistance departments, urgent social assistance departments, medical and social departments, day care departments, residential nursing homes, etc.

SOCIAL POSITION:

1) the place that a person occupies in the system of social class relations, in the social structure of society, in other words, the social position;

2) conscious choice, ideological and moral orientation of the individual.

The success of social work and social activity in general is largely determined by the extent to which P.s. people, including social service clients.

SOCIAL POLICY - the activities of the state and other political institutions to manage the development of the social sphere of society. Sociology contributes to the development of PS, alternative solutions in this area, the rationale for social priorities.

GUARDIANS - adult capable persons performing guardianship duties in respect of minor children and citizens limited by the court in their capacity or incapacitated, or performing guardianship duties in terms of patronage over single adult capable citizens who, for health reasons, cannot exercise their rights and fulfill their duties .

POVERTY THRESHOLD - the maximum level of personal well-being recognized by the state, below which a person is not able to maintain a normal physical condition; poverty line.

BENEFITS - one of the forms of material support for citizens, guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and appointed for temporary disability (in case of illness, injury, quarantine, etc.).

UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT - monetary assistance paid to persons recognized as unemployed, in the manner prescribed by law.

CONSUMER BASKET - consumer budget; the total amount of costs and their specific distribution to ensure the average consumption of a person (family) in a certain period of time.

PC. - a set of goods and services that ensure the satisfaction of the most urgent human needs. It includes non-food items, food and services. The cost of P. to. is the main factor in determining the subsistence minimum, the level of the poverty line, etc.

RIGHT SOCIAL:

1) the branch of law that regulates the norms of social protection of people;

2) the discipline of the specialty “Social work”, designed to give students (listeners) knowledge about the norms of family, labor, housing legislation governing the protection of motherhood and childhood, the rights of minors, pensioners, the disabled and ensuring their social protection; on the procedure and organization of guardianship, guardianship, adoption, deprivation of parental rights, referral to special educational institutions, and other problems of protecting people.

PRACTICE OF SOCIAL WORK - the use of knowledge and skills of social work to provide social services to a person, layer, group. P.s.r. includes social assistance, social therapy, social rehabilitation, insurance, guardianship, mediation, etc.

SOCIAL PRIVILEGE - the exclusive right and advantage of individuals, groups, classes, institutions, inaccessible to most people. In slave and feudal societies, P.s. legally and politically fixed as a class privilege. However, the elimination of the latter did not lead to the destruction of P.s. It was preserved under the influence of property differences, differences in positions in state, party and other structures. The preservation of PS, in particular, is associated with the difference in “starting opportunities” (property, cultural, educational) of people, groups, and strata. P.s. often legally sanctioned, but mostly implemented de facto.

FOSTER FAMILY - a form of placement of orphans and children left without parental care, on the basis of an agreement on the transfer of a child (children) to be raised in a family between the guardianship and guardianship authorities and foster parents (spouses or individual citizens who wish to take children to be raised in a family ).

CHARITY - attention, participation, sympathy, mercy; providing someone with shelter and food. P. as a social institution is associated with the beginning of Christianity and the construction of church buildings and monasteries in Russia, it developed in the subsequent period. Closely associated with charity.

SOCIAL PRIORITIES - social tasks, which at this stage are recognized by society as the most urgent, urgent, requiring a priority solution.

From an adequate understanding of P.s. managers at all levels (especially the center) depends on the effectiveness of solving social problems.

PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL WORK - the rules that guide the objects and subjects of social activity. Along with general philosophical and general scientific principles, some specific principles can be distinguished in social work, confirmed by scientific research and practice. These are the principles of humanism, morality, justice, self-sufficiency, trust between clients and service workers, a differentiated approach to the provision of services, respect for human and civil rights in the field of social services and provision of state guarantees, voluntary consent of citizens to receive services, accessibility of social services, targeting services, priority in the provision of services to citizens, taking into account their social situation, a reasonable combination of paid and free services, territorial organization of social and other services, state support for voluntary, public and other organizations providing various services to the population.

SOCIAL SHELTER - a stationary social institution of temporary stay, in which the needy are provided with all the necessary assistance (shelter and overnight stay, food, social and medical care, social and psychological counseling, as well as social work for rehabilitation, adaptation and correction). P.s. provided mainly to children: homeless and neglected

PREVENTION OF HOME SUPERVISION AND MINOR OFFENSES - a system of social, legal, pedagogical and other measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to neglect, homelessness, delinquency and antisocial actions of minors, carried out in conjunction with individual preventive work with minors and families in socially dangerous position.

REHABILITATION:

1) restoration of a good name, former reputation; restoration of former rights, including administrative and judicial procedures (for example, R. repressed);

2) the application to the defendants (primarily minors) of educational measures or punishments not related to deprivation of liberty, in order to correct them;

3) a set of medical, legal and other measures aimed at restoring or compensating for impaired functions of the body and the ability to work of patients and disabled people. R. - one of the most important areas in social work.

SOCIAL REHABILITATION - restoration of the basic social functions of an individual, a public institution, a social group, their social role as subjects of the main spheres of society. R.s. in terms of content, it essentially includes in a concentrated form all aspects of rehabilitation.

REHABILITATION OF THE DISABLED - a system and process of full or partial restoration of the abilities of disabled people for household, social and professional activities. Rehabilitation of disabled people is aimed at eliminating or, if possible, more fully compensating for limitations in life activity caused by a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions, in order to socially adapt disabled people, achieve their financial independence and integrate them into society.

FAMILY - persons related by kinship and (or) property, living together and maintaining a common household.

SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF A CHILD - the process of actively adapting a child in a difficult life situation to the rules and norms of behavior accepted in society, as well as the process of overcoming the consequences of psychological or moral trauma.

SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE DISABLED PEOPLE - a system of state-guaranteed economic, legal measures and social support measures that provide disabled people with conditions for overcoming, replacing (compensating) life restrictions and aimed at creating equal opportunities for them to participate in society with other citizens.

SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF A CHILD - measures to restore the social ties and functions lost by the child, replenish the life support environment, and increase care for him.

SOCIAL BENEFITS - gratuitous provision to citizens of a certain amount of money at the expense of the relevant budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation.

SOCIAL SERVICES - enterprises and institutions, regardless of ownership, providing social services, as well as citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities for social services to the population without forming a legal entity.

SOCIAL WORK SPECIALIST - a specialist in the field of social work who has a high general cultural, intellectual and moral potential, professional training and the necessary personal qualities that allow him to effectively perform professional functions in studying the socio-economic and socio-psychological conditions of life of social groups, strata, families and an individual in order to apply adequate methods of social protection, support, rehabilitation and other types of social work, the use of various social technologies.

SPONSORSHIP - financial support of organizations (institutions, enterprises) or individuals. S. is an important factor in solving social problems in society, social protection of the "weak" sections of the population. Compared with other countries, S. is still poorly developed in modern Russia.

SOCIAL STATUS - an integrative indicator of the position of social and other groups and their representatives in society, in the system of social ties and relations. It is determined by a number of signs, both natural (sex, age, nationality) and social nature (profession, occupation, income, official position, etc.).

The task of social workers is to contribute to the preservation and strengthening of S.s. their clients.

PUBLIC SERVICE SECTOR (service sector) - a set of sectors of the national economy, the product of which (consumer goods) acts as a certain expedient activity (services). A feature of social labor employed in S.O.N. is a direct impact on a person as an object of labor application. The results of such activities usually take the form of services (see Services). In S.O.N. include trade and public catering, housing and communal services and public services, passenger transport and communications, education, institutions of culture, healthcare, physical culture and sports, social security (as a type of service to people). Dream. is extremely important in social work with the population.

Helpline - emergency psychological assistance and emotional support by specialists (psychologist, social worker, etc.) by phone. Adolescents, victims of sexual violence, drug addicts, etc. can contact anonymously for help. There are two directions in the development of the Etc. service:

1) professional psychological assistance services;

2) emotional support and participation services provided by lay volunteers.

THERAPY:

2) a branch of medicine that studies methods of diagnosis, causes and methods of treatment of internal diseases.

TOLERANCE - tolerance for someone else's way of life, behavior, customs, feelings, opinions, ideas, beliefs.

It is necessary for everyone, including social workers in their work with their clients.

DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATION - a situation that objectively disrupts the life of a citizen (disability, inability to self-service due to old age, illness, orphanhood, neglect, low income, unemployment, lack of a fixed place of residence, conflicts and abuse in the family, loneliness, etc.), which he cannot overcome on his own.

ADOPTION (ADOPTION) - adoption for upbringing of minor children who have lost parental care, with the establishment of legal (personal and property) relations between the adopted child and the adopter that exist between parents and children. Strangers and relatives can adopt if the latter have replaced their parents for any reason. After U., the legal relationship of the minor with the former parents is completely terminated.

There are certain requirements for adoptive parents. Underage citizens deprived of parental rights, recognized by a court as incapable or with limited capacity, mentally ill, drug addicts, alcoholics, etc., cannot be adoptive parents.

U. requires the consent of the parents of the child (one of them), the minor himself (who has reached the age of ten), the spouse (s) of the adoptive parent. U.'s secret is protected by law. It can only be overturned by a court that is in the best interests of the child.

INSTITUTIONS FOR ORPHANS AND CHILDREN LEFT WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE - educational institutions in which orphans and children left without parental care are kept (trained and (or) brought up); social service institutions for the population (orphanages for disabled children with mental retardation and physical disabilities, social rehabilitation centers for helping children left without parental care, social shelters); institutions of the healthcare system (children's homes) and other institutions established in accordance with the procedure established by law.

FEMINISM is a movement in defense of the rights and liberation of women that arose during the era of bourgeois revolutions in France, England and the USA. F. is divided into old and new. For the old F. (it arose in the 18th century, it reached its peak at the end of the 19th century) is characterized by a narrow interpretation of the social equality of women (only as legal equality). It was called the suffragette movement. The growth of women's employment, their suffrage (in Europe and the USA) led to a decline in the feminist movement. It took shape again only in the late 60s - early 70s. 20th century called neo-feminism. It distinguishes three main directions: liberal-reformist, socialist and radical. The existing (along with the above) conservative direction is actually anti-feminist (idealizes the family and the maternal function of women, denies the existence of discrimination against them by the state).

F. as a movement is an essential factor in the social protection of women, the qualitative improvement of their living conditions, and the qualitative change in a woman's lifestyle.

FRUSTRATION - a psychological state that occurs in a state of disappointment, non-fulfillment of any goal or need that is significant for a person; oppressive anxiety, a feeling of tension, hopelessness. The removal of F. is one of the important tasks in the activities of social workers, during their contacts with clients.

FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK - diagnostic, prognostic, preventive, human rights, social and pedagogical, psychological, social and medical, social, communicative, advertising and propaganda, moral and humanistic and organizational. The implementation of these functions in the activities of a social worker is possible only if he masters a wide range of knowledge and skills set forth in the State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education in the field of social work.

HOSPICE:

2) a multiprofessional program that provides assistance to terminally ill people during the last months of their lives. This care is usually provided in non-hospital settings, at home by family members, friends and acquaintances.

EXPERTISE - consideration, study of any issues, problems, solutions that require special knowledge to provide a motivated, reasoned conclusion, scientific justification on them. For example, when resolving issues of remuneration for working pensioners, a certain disability group, determining adoptive parents, etc.

EMOTIONS - emotional experience; human and animal reactions to the impact of internal and external stimuli, which have a pronounced subjective coloring and cover all types of sensitivity and experiences. Associated with the satisfaction (positive E.) and dissatisfaction (negative E.) of the various needs of the body. Differentiated and stable emotions that arise on the basis of a person's external social needs are usually called feelings.

Empathy - the ability of an individual to respond emotionally to the experiences of other people. E. is a quality necessary for socionomists in working with clients.

ETHICS:

2) the theory of morality, the scientific justification of this or that moral system, this or that understanding of good and evil, justice, duty, conscience, happiness, the meaning of life. It is important in the training and activities of social workers, whose duties include knowledge of ethical (and legal) norms governing human relations with humans, society, the environment, the ability to take them into account when developing environmental and social projects.

Appendix 1

Designing a professional and personal life path of a social worker (guidelines for independent work)

Considering the topic “Personality of a social worker in the profession”, how often do we ask ourselves the following questions:

What do you want to achieve in your profession?

What can (and should) do to realize your own capabilities, personal qualities and interests?

What must be done to be successful? etc.

The questions posed cause a desire to become aware of oneself, one's actions, to develop an adequate self-esteem and attitude towards oneself:

Do we know ourselves?

My strengths and weaknesses.

Awareness of the physical, mental and social "I".

Maturity and flourishing (“acme”) of personality - what does it mean?

Personality, its needs, interests, abilities, temperament, character, etc.

Additional “search questions” create a more objective picture of the “I-image”: how do they evaluate me? what do I know about these estimates? my reaction to them? and etc.

The development of self-reflection, self-correction of personal qualities, character traits often occurs in the discussion: Do other people always understand me? Why don't I always understand myself? An additional method of deploying this topic is homework of the following kind: “Write a portrait: I am real, I am ideal” or “My ways of helping, supporting another person”, etc.

SOCIAL ADAPTATION (from Latin adaptation) is the process of an individual's adaptation to a changing social environment. The means of social adaptation is the adoption by the individual of the norms and values ​​of the new social environment (for example, the organization to which he comes), the forms of social interaction that have developed in it.

SOCIAL ACTIVITY - the behavior of social subjects (classes, groups, individuals), reproducing or changing the conditions of their life and developing their own structure.

POVERTY is a state in which the basic needs of a person or a socio-demographic group, necessary for maintaining health and ensuring livelihoods, exceed the means to satisfy them, i.e. are below the subsistence level, below the poverty line.

REFUGEES are people who have fled their homes without being able to return there because of a well-founded fear of persecution.

UNEMPLOYED - able-bodied citizens who do not have a job and earnings, registered with the employment service in order to find a suitable job and are ready to start it. Citizens are recognized as unemployed by a decision (order) adopted by the employment service in accordance with a certain procedure established by the Law of the Russian Federation.

SOCIAL PROTECTION is one of the main conditions for the legal status of an individual in the state, which implies the constitutional powers of citizens to protect their rights and freedoms. The main constitutional powers of Russian citizens are enshrined in the Declaration of the Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen and the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

HEALTH is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. This definition is contained in the Preamble of the World Health Organization (WHO).

DISABLED (from Latin weak, low-powered) - a person who has a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions due to diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a limitation of life and causing the need for social protection. Recognition of a person as a disabled person is carried out during a medical and social examination.

QUALITY OF LIFE is a complex integral characteristic of a person's position in various social systems and structures, expressing the degree of his social freedom, the possibility of comprehensive development and the realization of his abilities and life plans.

SOCIAL SERVICE CLIENT - a citizen of the Russian Federation, a foreign state or a stateless person who is in a difficult life situation, who, in this regard, is provided with social services.

CONFLICT (from lat. collision) - a collision of oppositely directed, mutually exclusive tendencies, the highest stage in the development of contradictions in the system of relations between people, social groups, and society as a whole.

CRISIS (from the Greek. decision, turning point) - 1) a sharp sharp change in something, a severe transitional state; 2) acute difficulty with something (mainly about objects, consumer products), a difficult situation.

PERSONALITY - a person or a subject of social relations and conscious activity; a stable system of socially significant features that characterize an individual as a member of society.

MARGINAL PERSON (from Latin, located on the edge) - an individual occupying an intermediate position between any social groups. This position of the individual leaves a certain imprint on her behavior and psyche.

MARGINAL GROUPS OF THE POPULATION - persons released from places of detention and without a fixed place of residence; citizens requiring public supervision for special factors (alcoholism, homelessness, vagrancy); persons with deviant behavior.

MIGRANTS (from lat. relocating) - persons who have left their places of permanent residence for permanent or temporary resettlement to other regions of the country or beyond its borders. M. can leave voluntarily or involuntarily.

DRUG ADDICTION (from Greek madness, passion) is a socially dangerous mental illness caused by the abuse of narcotic drugs in order to cause euphoria: excitement, intoxication, a state of bliss, increased joyful mood. With prolonged use of drugs, the craving for them becomes physiological.

SOCIAL SCIENCE - a separate branch of knowledge for the production, accumulation and systematization of objective historical and practical knowledge about a person, a social group and their place in the world.

SOCIAL COMMONITY - a collection of people characterized by stable connections and relationships and possessing a number of specific features that give it a unique identity.

PENSIONERS - citizens exercising the right to financial security in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the current pension legislation.

SOCIAL POLICY - the activities of the state, local governments for the development and management of the social sphere of society. The purpose of the p.s. - creation of conditions for meeting the social needs and interests of people: support, protection, correction and rehabilitation of citizens and social groups.

CONSUMER BASKET - a minimum set of food products, non-food products and services necessary to maintain human health and ensure its vital activity.

LIVING MINIMUM - the valuation of the consumer basket, as well as mandatory payments and fees. The subsistence minimum per capita and for the main socio-demographic groups is determined for the Russian Federation and its constituent entities on a quarterly basis based on data from the Russian State Committee on Statistics on the level of consumer prices for food, non-food products and services and expenditures on mandatory payments and fees.

REHABILITATION - a set of medical, socio-economic, pedagogical and legal measures aimed at restoring (compensating) impaired body functions and the ability to work of patients and disabled people. Psychological rehabilitation is inextricably linked with medical and is designed to promote the psychological preparation of the individual for the necessary adaptation.

SOCIAL WORK is a professional activity aimed at assisting people, social groups in overcoming personal and social difficulties through support, protection, correction and rehabilitation.

SOCIAL WORKER - social manager, organizer, social educator, social medical worker, psychologist, sociologist. The object of its activity is a specific person, family, neighborhood, specialized services, trade unions, charitable organizations, education, healthcare, law enforcement agencies.