Presentation on iso spinning wheel and magic ball. Presentation for the lesson of fine arts "Russian spinning wheel
TASKS:
Give students
initial information about
spinning wheel and decorative-thematic composition in its
decoration.
Cultivate respectful
relation to their ancient
roots and memory of ancestors.
develop creative
activity, diligence,
accuracy and skill
use the
knowledge of ornamentation
decoration of the spinning wheel model.
History talk,
purpose and tradition
paintings of Russian spinning wheels.
Define
the concept of "spinning wheel", its
main elements.
Introduce
variety of types
spinning wheel and feature
their paintings.
staging
artistic task.
Practical
task execution.
Summarizing. Russian folk song "Spinner" An abandoned village, huts drowned in snowdrifts.
A dim light glimmers a little from a lonely window. The flickering light barely illuminates the seated woman.
In front of her is a spinning wheel with a tow, in her hand is a spindle. Here they are - Russian spinning wheels! Working people in the old days
were thinking about
production items
and life were
beautiful. These
artistically, with
tastefully made
spinning wheels
testify to
people's desire for
beautiful. Distaff - a tool for manual
spinning
The spinning wheel is a tool for
hand spinning -
It consisted of
vertical riser with
blade, to which
tied tow
for spinning, and bottom
- horizontal
spinning seats. Spinning wheel - personification
Russian peasant woman
Many poets sang the spinning wheel
as the personification of Russian
peasant woman who managed
despite the hard part,
keep the strength of the spirit,
freedom, kindness,
patience.
Singing in the hut, maiden
Spins, and winter friend of nights,
A splinter cracks in front of her, wrote A. S. Pushkin. Among the many works that
performed by peasant women, spinning and
weaving were the most
time consuming. Strain and weave
it was necessary for the whole family, and even
pay with canvas. That's
a woman sat at the spinning wheel for a long time
winter nights.
Spinning usually started at
end of November and continued throughout
winter.
Hand spinning was very
slow
unproductive. The most
skillful spinner, working from dawn to
dawn, could strain the day around
460 yards of yarn (about 300
meters). And to get at least 20
arshin of fabric (about 15 meters),
had to hide at least 20
thousand meters of yarn. To prepare
dowry,
girl should
was spinning and weaving with
6-8 years old. Museums
kept small
baby spinning wheels. The spinning wheel was not only a tool
labor, but also the work
art: to brighten up the heavy
labor, it was decorated with carvings or
painting. Often the spinning wheel was
gift: the groom gave a spinning wheel
bride, father to daughter, husband to wife.
Everyone wanted to make a gift for
joy and surprise. Here
the creative imagination of the master
had boundaries. The spinning wheel became
the pride of its owner,
was inherited from
mother to daughter, from grandmother to
granddaughter. Now many of these
spinning wheels are kept in the museums of our
country. But the name of the one who gave
spinning wheel, hidden from us. Although on
some spinning wheels have
donative, but how much will it reveal
us such, for example, the inscription: “This
Avdotya Stepanovna's spinning wheel. Whom
I love, I give…” Two people worked on the spinning wheel
craftsmen: one carved it
made of wood, another decorated
painting. Form and finish
show that the cutter
the tree was the same
talented artist,
like a painter.
Interestingly, out of many
hundreds of spinning wheels stored in
our museums, none
repeats another. So and
it seems that every spinning wheel
endowed with its
individual features,
has its own unique
character. Types of spinning wheels
settled into the distance
time. On each
relatively
small area
had a shape
spinning wheels, their own tricks
decorations.
Spinning wheels came to us from ancient times. It was primordially female labor - spinning yarn. "Spindle" - that was the name of the spinning wheel in Ancient Russia. From the autumn until Lent, in "low fires" with a torch with a quiet song, the spinners sat at their work until midnight. Distaffs that came to us from the distant past, none of them repeat the other. Each has its own peculiarity. Apparently, every owner of the spinning wheel, and even the owner, most likely, made their efforts, invention and imagination for decoration, convenience, and to facilitate labor. In Russia, spinning wheels were made from maple, aspen, birch and linden.
At first there was manual twisting of yarn, and then the spindle and spinning wheel were invented. The spinning wheel was originally invented in ancient Rome. Yarn from the first old spinning wheels turned out to be of different quality and thickness. It depended on the breed of sheep, in what period of the year the sheep was sheared, and on many other factors. How was the whole spinning process carried out? With the right hand they set in motion a large wheel, and with the left hand they pulled out a strand and brought it to the spindle. Depending on the angle of inclination of the strand to the spindle, the strand was twisted or wound.
Spinning was done by women, but improvement and invention was the occupation of men. In 1530, Jürgens of Braunschweig invented the foot-operated spinning wheel, in which both hands could spin. The spinning wheel began to be called a self-spinning wheel. It allowed to make stretching, twisting and winding of the thread. The last two operations were to some extent mechanized, but still, partial twisting had to be done manually. And only in 1735, John White, a mechanic by profession, invented an exhaust mechanism, consisting of two exhaust rollers, which finally replaced the woman's hands. But not quite, on such a spinning wheel it was possible to use fibers already prepared, that is, partially elongated. This was further helped by the invented carding machine. It was then that the same John White assembled a fully mechanized spinning machine. This happened in 1741. Yes, his car was too bulky and expensive.
The next spinning wheel was the Jenny spinning wheel, invented by Hargvis. He named her after his beloved daughter. Everything was good in this machine, but one drawback - the hood was insufficient, and the yarn turned out to be weak - I had to add a linen thread to strengthen the yarn. And as it often happens in technology, it happened - all the shortcomings of the previous spinning wheels were taken into account, and the advantages were combined in one - this is how Arkwright did his spinning machine. The spinning process was fully automated. But even then, time passed - they noticed again the shortcomings, and again remade and improved. Is it really possible to describe everything so simply on one page, everything that the spinning wheel itself had to experience and those who, with love for work and technology, put a lot of effort and effort into making the spinning wheel the way we see it today.
The history of the spinning wheel, its development and improvement is much wider than can be described in one article. In parallel with the development of the spinning wheel itself, its drive was constantly improved. Spinning wheels were replaced by hand spinning wheels. In later times, animals (donkeys) were used as traction.
They replaced manpower steam engines, and in the age of global electrification, the electric motor became the heart of the spinning wheel. The electric drive began to be used not only in industrial machines. He also found his application in household spinning wheels. The small size of the electric motor helped to create convenient compact electric spinning wheels. The productivity of which has become much higher.
Author: educator kindergarten: Glebova Yu.A. Links: Presentation published on the website: www. kinder-planet.com
Read the proverbs and think about what will be the topic of our today's lesson? Hyperlink to slide 2.
Don't be lazy to spin, you'll dress well
The lazy spinner and himself have no shirt
If you do not spin in winter, there will be nothing to weave in summer
Today in class:
- What is a whorl?
- Who knows what a spinning wheel looks like? Have you seen how they spin?
- What is the device of the spinning wheel?
- Are there any decorations on the spinning wheel?
Five to five sheep
The stack was pinched
Five to five sheep
They ran away
pot-bellied lamb
Dancing merrily.
spindle
What Russian fairy tales have lines dedicated to the spinning wheel?
Three maidens by the window
Dropped in late at night...
A.S. Pushkin
"The Tale of Tsar Saltan"
... Since the princess is young,
Waiting for dear brothers
Spinning, sitting under the window ...
A.S. Pushkin
"The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs"
... In the hut, the old Baba Yaga is spinning a tow. And a brother sits on a bench, plays with silver apples ...
Russian folktale
"Swan geese"
Yes, somehow a misfortune happened: the old woman’s spinning wheel broke ... So the old woman says: “Go, grandfather, into the forest, cut down the tree. Let's make a new spinning wheel ... "
What is the device of the spinning wheel?
Russian folktale
"The Most Expensive"
A hand spinning wheel consisting of a vertical part where the tow is tied and a horizontal part (bottom) where the spinner sits. The vertical part consisted of a shoulder blade and a neck (leg). The spinning wheel, especially the spatula, was often decorated and painted.
There are two types of spinning wheels by design: whole(made from the root and trunk of birch or spruce) and composite(consisted of two parts horizontal and vertical)
What is the device of the spinning wheel?
Donets
Earrings
Blade
Crest
Townships
Leg
Tow
Spindle
We work in the application technique - we make a spinning wheel. Hyperlink to slide 13.
Spinning device
tow
Test yourself.
spindle
- See how diverse Russian spinning wheels are: they are distinguished by size, blade shape, legs, decorative ornaments.
Distaffs were decorated with flowery painting or small patterns, and sometimes carving and painting at the same time.
What types of paintings do you know? What kind of industry will we get acquainted with in the lesson?
r o s p i s
- Feature Mezen painting - the presence of stripes and tiers.
- Though geometric patterns are made up of the same type and even monotonous elements, on each spinning wheel the pattern looks unusual, giving originality to the entire spinning wheel.
Practical work:
- Make a sketch of the decoration of the blade of the spinning wheel with a painting.
- For work, I suggest you use the motives Mezen painting .
- Pay attention to the shape of birds and animals. Who do they remind you of?
Complete the sentences
- Today in class I...
- Most of all I liked…
- The most interesting part of today's lesson was...
- The hardest part for me today was...
- Today in class I felt...
- Today I realized...
- Today I learned...
- Today I thought...
- Today's lesson showed me...
- I want to know more about...
Homework:
- Find proverbs and sayings about spinning and spinning.
Bibliography
- Goryaeva N.A., Ostrovskaya O.V. Decorative and applied art in human life - Moscow: Education, 2000.
- Dorozhin Yu.G. Workbook basics folk art: Mezen painting - Moscow: Mosaic-Synthesis, 2000.