Cross-platform frameworks provide mobile app developers with a complete set of tools designed to improve productivity by solving common problems. The question is which frameworks are best for you mobile development. To help you answer this question, we have prepared a special list of cross-platform frameworks for developing high-quality mobile applications.

Developing a mobile application using a cross-platform framework is a shorter path to the successful completion of the task.

With nearly three million apps on the Google Play catalog, the Android operating system dominates the mobile landscape. Individuals, small businesses and large enterprises are working hard to establish a strong mobile presence and capture their market share. However, not everyone has the experience and resources needed to create a good mobile app from scratch using native tools.

List of cross-platform application development frameworks:

- Corona SDK

Is it easy to create applications and games on the Corona SDK? The creators of the Corona SDK framework promise ten times faster development of games and mobile applications. How is this even possible? Probably because the internal structure of the Corona application is entirely based on Lua, a lightweight multi-paradigm programming language with a focus on speed, portability, extensibility, and ease of use.

The official website of Corona SDK contains guides, lessons, examples designed to turn novice mobile application developers into experienced professionals. The guides and tips cover all sorts of topics for the developer. From the basics of mobile development to more advanced topics. The Corona SDK framework is absolutely free. Remember about cross-platform. It runs on both Windows and Mac OS X and supports real-time application testing.

- TheAppBuilder;

So, the description of TheAppBuilder, a framework used by some of the largest organizations in the world, is equipped with a user interface to speed up the development of application code. There is feedback that the version works best when used to create company presentations and other information applications. The framework comes with ready-made blocks for push notifications, feedback, polls, content updates, analytics, and more. Best of all, TheAppBuilder integrates directly with Google Play, allowing you to publish finished apps with just one click.

- Xamarin;

The Xamarin framework was developed by the same people who created ECMA compliant Mono, and there is a .NET Framework compliant toolkit. Xamarin provides developers with a single C# codebase that they can use to build their own apps for all major mobile operating systems.

Unlike many other frameworks, Xamarin has already been used by over 1.4 million developers worldwide. With Xamarin for Visual Studio, developers can take advantage of the power of Microsoft Visual Studio and all of its advanced features, including code completion, IntelliSense, and application debugging on a simulator or mobile device. The Xamarin Test Cloud feature allows you to instantly test applications on 2000 real devices in the cloud (remotely, via the Internet). This is by far the best way to deal with the highly fragmented Android ecosystem and release bug-free mobile apps that run without any major issues on most gadgets.

- Appcelerator Titanium;

The Appcelerator Titanium framework is part of the Appcelerator Platform, which includes all the tools mobile app developers need to create, test, and deploy highly optimized apps. The Titanium framework uses JavaScript to call a vast collection of APIs. These APIs call native functions of the operating systems, providing exceptional performance and a natural look and feel.

Titanium includes a visually driven mobile app development process that relies heavily on pre-built code blocks that can be assembled via drag and drop. You can create data models programmatically or visually. Test completed mobile apps in the cloud and monitor them with the Mobile Lifecycle Dashboard, which gives you valuable insights into app performance.

- phonegap;

PhoneGap by Adobe is one of the world's most popular Android app development frameworks. It is created by the Apache Cordova development team. An open source mobile application development environment that uses CSS3 and HTML5, as well as JavaScript for cross-platform development. PhoneGap is also a completely open source software (Open Source).

It is based on an intuitive desktop application used to create applications and connect these applications to mobile devices (phones/smartphones, tablets). Finally, no more obscure text commands that are easy to make mistakes and hard to remember. The fantastic desktop app is complemented by the PhoneGap mobile app. The application allows you to instantly see the changes on the connected mobile device. Other things that make PhoneGap so recommended are its large plugin library, third party tools, and thriving community.

- Ionic;

Ionic is a free and open source framework licensed under the MIT license. It offers a whole library of components and tools. Ionic allows you to develop progressive web apps and native mobile apps for every major app store - all from a single codebase. Thanks to the best in-house plugins, it's extremely easy to use features like Bluetooth and the Health Kit, and fingerprint authentication is still supported.

Ionic is also designed for performance tuning and optimization. All apps built with Ionic look like they are standardized and they work equally well. At the moment, about four million applications have been created by five million Ionic developers from around the world. If you want to join them, visit the official website and learn more about this framework.

- NativeScript;

JavaScript and Angular, as well as TypeScript, are arguably the most used web development technologies. With the NativeScript framework, you can also use them to build applications. Simply put, NativeScript builds platform-specific user interfaces from a single code base. Unlike other frameworks, NativeScript is backed by Telerik, a Bulgarian company that offers various software tools.

Looking for tutorials on building mobile apps in the cross-platform NativeScript framework? To help mobile app developers get familiar with this framework, the official website hosts many examples and detailed tutorials. You can view real implementations of mobile applications, study official documentation, and even dive into the source code.

- React Native;

React Native is developed by Facebook and is used by Instagram, Tesla, Airbnb, Baidu, Walmart, and many other Fortune 500 companies. Facebook's React JavaScript framework is open source. Because React Native uses the same UI building blocks as regular mobile apps for iOS and Android gadgets, it's impossible to distinguish a React Native app from an app built using Objective-C or Java. As soon as you update the source code, you will immediately see the changes in the application preview window. If you ever feel the need to manually optimize certain parts of your application, React Native lets you combine native code with components written in Swift or Objective-C and Java.

- Sencha touch.

What is Sencha Touch? Like TheAppBuilder, it is an enterprise framework for building universal mobile applications. It uses hardware acceleration techniques to achieve high performance. Sencha Touch comes with five dozen built-in UI components and decent looking themes, making it easy to create amazing apps that will engage users.

The framework includes a robust data package that can use data from any internal data source. With this package, you can create collections of data using highly functional models that offer features such as sorting and filtering. Sencha Touch has received praise from many influential companies and organizations.

Conclusion of the review of cross-platform frameworks for developing mobile applications:

No matter which mobile development framework you choose, don't be afraid to change your mind if you ever feel like there are better development environment options out there. Cross-platform frameworks are extremely volatile and new ones are released on a regular basis. Their goal is to help you quickly turn a rough idea into a working app and a working mobile app into a finished product. In the end, it doesn't matter if you achieve your goal by using the latest modern framework that everyone is talking about, or a long-established framework that is starting to collect dust.

When Chinese tech company Huawei decided to unveil its new multimedia phone, surrounded by the ornate National Museum of Catalonia in Barcelona, ​​it certainly gave hints to the tech journalists in attendance as to what they were about to see. After all, the recently unveiled Huawei Mate X foldable smartphone looks a bit like a rare Picasso painting.

Huawei Mate X First Review: A folding screen smartphone is attractive, has powerful specs and is unbelievably expensive to buy.

So, what is the Huawei Mate X smartphone? The impression from the first review of Huawei Mate X can be expressed by the phrase that this smartphone is great. Even the phrase that this is a beautiful smartphone softens the review a little. Rather, he is magnificent in his own way. It has perhaps the most worthy industrial design of any mobile phone that has ever been released by the tech giants in the last few years. The new Huawei smartphone from contemplation and deep imagination clearly pushes the boundaries of what smartphones can be. Since the size of a smartphone screen easily turns into a tablet. Thus, mobile content can be viewed in a convenient way according to the situation.

Display on Huawei Mate X.

Which display is better? Huawei Mate X has one display that can be transformed into three different configurations. The first mode is an 8-inch tablet. This is an almost perfect square with an aspect ratio of 8:7.1 and a resolution of 2480 by 2200 pixels.

Since the screen is on the outside of the smartphone, when the mobile device is folded, you get two screens. The front screen offers 6.6 inches edge-to-edge, complemented by a 19.5:9 aspect ratio and a 2480 x 1148 pixel resolution.

There's also a rear that offers fewer inches of screen space as it contains the device's cameras and a pen. You will primarily use this part to create selfie photos. This part delivers a decent (but thin) screen size of 6.38 inches with a slightly compressed 25:9 aspect ratio and a resolution of 2480 by 892 dots (Pixels).

How comfortable is the Huawei Mate X in terms of thickness?

When folded, the Huawei Mate X mobile phone is 11 millimeters thick, and unlike the rival Samsung Galaxy Fold phone, it does not have a bulky gap. It is completely flat and is fixed with one click. It would be interesting to test how well it locks when thrown into a purse, for example, and see if it can accidentally open or not.

When unfolded, the Mate X is 5.4mm thin, slightly thinner than the iPad Pro!

On Huawei Mate X camera, pen - everything for the user!

A quick look at the side of the Huawei Mate X is a pen (a fairly descriptive term from Huawei). The device contains three mobile cameras, including one using Leica hardware. For technology news, this was not a surprise. The same configuration has appeared on all Huawei phones since the P20 Pro. It would be strange if the manufacturer Huawei refused such a feature in such a revolutionary device.

You may notice that the phone does not have a dedicated front-facing selfie camera. This is because the three main cameras are selfie cameras. To take a photo of yourself, you just need to fold your phone and turn it upside down.

All of this is pretty exciting. Huawei premium phones are regularly ranked as having the best camera phones on the market. While the company didn't share any camera samples during the launch event, it's safe to say that some people enjoy taking selfies with a high-end mobile camera enhanced with Master AI software.

And since the back of the Mate X also contains a screen, you can use your smartphone when taking photos, for example, to show the subject of the photo a preview of how it will eventually look in the picture.

Huawei employees say that there are no problems with the camera on the Mate X model. This is good news, both in terms of looks and overall durability. The latter is what the company has been focusing on by announcing a specially designed protective case with the phone.

The new 5G connectivity and performance of the Mate X smartphone.

When reviewing the Mate X, it is important to remember that Huawei is not just a phone manufacturer. It targets many IT areas, including SoC design. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Mate X uses a Balong 5G modem, as well as a Huawei Kirin 980 processor.

The modem is especially interesting, as Huawei promises more than double the performance of competing modems such as Qualcomm Snapdragon and Samsung Exynos. It is assumed that users who can afford to buy Huawei Mate X in stores will be able to use the download speed of 4.6 Gb / s, for example, to download a 1 GB movie in just three seconds. Of course, right now, we have not been able to independently verify this, so for now it remains to take our word for it.

What operating system is installed in Huawei Mate X?

In terms of software, the Mate X runs on Google's Android 9.0 Pie system.

Huawei also said that Desktop Mode software will be available for its latest foldable phone, allowing the Mate X to be used as a smartphone, tablet, and even a desktop computer.

Memory Huawei Mate X.

The Mate X is a dual SIM mobile phone with one slot supporting 5G networking and the other limited to 4G connectivity. If you don't need the latter feature, you can simply insert an NM card (explanation, NM is a nano memory card invented by Huawei that offers the same type of memory as a microSD memory card but in a smaller form factor) and add an extra storage space on the mobile device. At the same time, the basic version of the smartphone comes with 512 GB of memory. Even the most dedicated filmmakers are unlikely to use all this amount of memory in a mobile phone.

Rechargeable battery for Mate X.

With such a big screen to work with, you'll be happy to know that the Huawei Mate X comes with a pretty gigantic battery. The device has two cells, which in total are measured up to a respectable 4500 mAh. Unfortunately, there are no battery tests right now, so it's hard to say how this affects the actual use of the new smartphone.

The Chinese company shared that the Mate X comes with a 55W Super Charge function that can recharge a phone's battery by 85 percent in just thirty minutes.

Huawei Mate X pricing.

The Huawei Mate X is arguably the most important phone the rising Chinese tech brand has ever unveiled, and not just because it solidifies its reputation as an innovative premium phone maker. This phone implements more than three years of research and development of the company and combines achievements in materials technology and communication equipment.

With that in mind, don't be surprised that the smartphone comes with really expensive prices, starting at 2299 euros. When Huawei CEO Richard Yu (English spelling of the name "Richard Yu") broke the news, the crowd's silence that he previously enjoyed was replaced by a questioning whisper. How much, how much does it cost?

Speaking of prices, that's about 300 euros more expensive than Samsung's flagship mobile device, the Galaxy Fold. And it's about 800 Euros more expensive than the most expensive Apple iPhone. Price-wise, the Mate X is in the same range as the company's previous luxury phones that have carried the brand of luxury car brands, namely Porsche.

Huawei is mindful of the high cost of the Mate X, and in the course of the conversation, Richard Yu said that the price of the phone reflects the high cost of R&D of the mobile device. He explained that the patented hinge that separates the two displays is a three-year development process and contains over a hundred different parts. Such research and development is not cheap, and it is inevitable that there will be costs.

However, two things are inevitable. First, there will be no shortage of pioneering enthusiasts willing to save a lot of money in order to raise money for a premium phone. For these buyers, there is an undeniable allure in being among the first to own something special. Perhaps Huawei will be able to take advantage of the news noise and benefit from more than just selling cheaper phones.

Secondly, market prices will inevitably decline. Maybe not for this smartphone, but certainly for foldable smartphones in general. By and large, the price of 2300 Euros for the phone will be perceived as a deviation from the norm. This will be driven by several factors, ranging from inevitable cost savings to competition from other up-and-coming brands such as Xiaomi and OPPO, which are steadily encroaching on the Western smartphone market.

Availability to purchase Huawei Mate X.

For example, Huawei hasn't revealed how much it will cost in the UK, but guess what, it could be around £2,300. This assumption takes into account previous price trends, high sales tax in the UK and the continued decline of the pound.

Also, Huawei CEO Yu did not mention any plans to release the Mate X in the United States. Which is not surprising. The company rarely releases phones in the US. So the Mate 20 Pro, which until recently was the best Android phone that you could buy for a reasonable price, was completely absent from the US market, forcing American consumers to order a smartphone from abroad. This situation could push prices even higher for US users, who may be forced to pay high customs duties and taxes.

When will Huawei Mate X be available?

Huawei has announced that the Mate X will be released in the middle of the year. Unfortunately, this message was not more specific. For clarification, you just need to wait and see what the official release date of Huawei Mate X will be on sale.

Planning to buy a new premium phone? There are reasons why it's better to wait before buying a premium phone right now. Which? Here are some of the main reasons. From the premium phones of 2019, what the buyer can expect: the new Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 mobile chip, new super fast 5G connectivity, folding screen design and 48-megapixel mobile camera.

At Mobile World Congress 2019 (also known as MWC 2019) in just a couple of weeks (on the 20th of February), most of the leading smartphone manufacturers are expected to present their latest flagship phones with enhanced features and updated specifications.

Samsung will release the Galaxy S10 multimedia phone, while manufacturer HMD Global will introduce the Nokia 9 PureView five-camera phone. Phone makers Huawei, Oppo and LG will also showcase their latest mobile devices at the upcoming Mobile Show.

But in 2019, buyers should be thinking about more than just another upgrade cycle when buying a new premium phone. And the reasons for this are the unique technical characteristics in the description of the phones.

- Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 processor.

Qualcomm's top-end processor powers most premium phones, from the Samsung Galaxy S9 to the OnePlus 6T. The Snapdragon 845 processor is now history. The latest Qualocmm Snapdragon 855 chipset, based on 7nm process technology, delivers better performance, higher battery efficiency and built-in artificial intelligence (aka AI) processing.

Combined with the Snapdragon X50 modem, the Snapdraon 855 processor will also bring 5G mobile connectivity to premium smartphones in 2019.

Other highlights of the chipset include improved gaming performance (Adreno 640 GPU), AI and a higher resolution camera, as well as an in-screen fingerprint sensor.

- 48 megapixel camera.

The latest premium smartphones are expected to come with a higher resolution camera. The 48MP camera is the new rage and already several phones like the Honor View20 and Redmi Note 7 have a similar feature.

While resolution is definitely not the best measurement for evaluating a camera, the built-in sensors also improve a lot. Most of these 48MP camera phones will probably use the Sony IMX586 sensor, called the highest resolution camera sensor in mobile phones.

Apart from better camera resolution and sensors, 2019 premium mobile phones can also come with Samsung-like quad and penta camera setups (five). In most phones in 2018, dual cameras had a main camera, while the secondary camera ranged from ultra-wide, depth to monochrome.

We expect new phones to feature most of these sensors with three, four, or five cameras.

- Mobile communications of the fifth generation: 5G.

The evolution of mobile networks continues! The upcoming MWC 2019 will also be the launching pad for 5G phones. Xiaomi, OnePlus, Samsung and almost all the leading players in the mobile market are expected to present their new phones with 5G connectivity. Most of these phones will also hit European and US markets later this year. Some Apple fans are already looking to buy an iPhone 5G. For other countries, the rollout of 5G networks may be delayed by at least one year. But investing in a 5G-enabled phone right now wouldn't be a bad idea.

- Foldable mobile phone.

Foldable phones are no longer a concept, screen folding is already part of the feature of mobile phones. The Korean company Samsung introduced its first foldable phone at the end of last year. She is expected to unveil the commercial version of the phone at her event on February 20, ahead of the mobile show MWC 2019.

It's likely that Samsung is betting big on the new form factor as it plans to release at least one million foldable phones this year. Given that Russia is one of the priority markets, we can expect foldable phones to be released as well. In addition to Samsung, Huawei, Xiaomi and Oppo have plans to release foldable phones this year.

- Artificial intelligence in phones, plus do not forget about machine learning.

Google last year introduced the Android 9 Pie operating system. Android Pie features such as adaptive display and adaptive brightness are based on machine learning to help improve the experience on Android phones. Going forward, artificial intelligence and machine learning will be an important part of the updates to the Google Android platform. It might be worth making sure that your new phone will be compatible not only with Android 9 Pie, but also with the Android Q receiver.

Beyond Google, phone companies like Xiaomi and Asus are injecting artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) directly into system apps. The camera, for example, on premium phones uses AI and ML to automatically recognize scenes and automatically optimize settings. Most mobile phones in 2019 will be equipped with AI-enhanced cameras.

The only thing that remains a dream when buying is when the best mobile phones will have a full "3D phone" feature.

News added:

1) Samsung has released the latest version of the Galaxy S10, and people believe that the iPhone can lose its position as the king of smartphones.

The latest flagship smartphone Samsung Galaxy S10 was released by the company on February 20th. On this day, Samsung introduced a lot of new products. The audience was really interested in the demonstrated new phone. So much so that they say that the Apple iPhone smartphone has a serious alternative. With the latest Galaxy S10, Samsung surprised and shocked fans, in a good way.

2) Attractive, powerful and incredibly expensive Huawei Mate X foldable 5G phone.

Following the announcement of the first foldable smartphone Samsung Galaxy Fold, the Chinese company Huawei is betting on the folding screen form factor and announces the release of Huawei Mate X, which still works with 5G connectivity. Developer Huawei takes a completely different approach compared to Samsung, namely placing the smartphone's foldable display on the outside instead of inside, and this solution has a number of pros and cons in describing new generation phones. The price of Huawei Mate X starts from 2299 Euros.

3) Will Apple release a foldable iPhone?

Some analysts believe that a foldable iPhone may be in development at the Cupertino company. Then, if the new Apple smartphone comes with a folding screen, it has a chance to become the best among the Samsung Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X folding smartphones already released.

Moom, from the developers of Many Tricks, has been bringing order to chaos since 2011, making managing windows in the operating system as easy as clicking a mouse button or using a keyboard shortcut. With Moom, you can easily move and scale windows to half screen, quarter screen, or fill the screen; set custom sizes and positions, and save open window layouts for one-click positioning. Once you try Moom, you'll wonder how you used your Mac without it before.

So, Moom allows you to move and scale windows - using the mouse or keyboard - in predefined locations and sizes, or in full screen mode. When using the program with a mouse, all you have to do is hover over the green resize button and the Moom interface will appear. When you use the keyboard, click on the shortcut you defined and the Moom keyboard frame will appear, then you can move windows around with the arrow keys and modifier keys.

Location of pop-ups.

Hover your mouse over the green button of any window and the Moom palette will pop up.

Quickly fill the screen or move and resize vertically or horizontally at the edges of the screen. Want a quarter size window instead? By holding down the Option key, the palette presents four quarter-size corner options along with a "center without resizing".

Resizing is not a problem.

It's actually drag and drop using Moom's unique on-screen resizing grid.

Click on the empty box below the pop-up palette, move your mouse to where you want the window to be, then click and drag to resize it.

Release the mouse button and the window will fill the outline you drew on the screen, it's not difficult at all.

Want to quickly move and scale windows to specific areas of the screen? Just turn on the Moom edge and corner snapping feature.

Take the window, drag it to the edge or corner and release the mouse button. You can set the resize action for each location in the Moom settings.

Set the window set to the size and position you want, then save the layout. Restore the layout using the assigned hotkey or through the Moom menu.

This feature is especially useful if you are using a laptop with an external display, Moom can launch saved layouts when you add or remove displays.

No mouse required.

Don't worry keyboard users. Moom isn't just for those who prefer to use a mouse. Turn on keyboard controls and you can move, resize, center, use the on-screen grid and more - all without touching your mouse.

In addition, each custom Moom command, continue reading, can be assigned a global keyboard shortcut or one that only works when the keyboard controller is on screen.

Countless user commands.

Create and save frequently used Moom actions in the custom command menu, with additional separators and labels.

Moving, scaling, resizing, centering, even moving to other displays can all be done with custom commands. You can even create a sequence of commands tied to a single shortcut, simplifying complex moving and resizing operations.

But wait, it's not all about moving and scaling windows on Mac OS with Moom.

Use Moom as a regular Dock-based app, as a menu bar icon, or as a completely invisible background app.

Custom commands are accessed through the Moom menu bar icon, green button pop-up palette, or keyboard shortcuts.

Use a small hexagonal grid to resize the grid instead of a full screen virtual grid.

Move windows around displays, and use related commands to scale them to new sizes and locations as you move them.

You can display a keyboard cheat sheet that shows which tasks you have assigned to which keys in keyboard mode.

Resizing windows to precise sizes, ideal for checking how well windows fit into windows of different sizes.

The developers of the Moom program have made efforts to achieve these goals, when great software should do its job efficiently, have a clear interface and be pleasant to use.

Summary:

Moom is a Mac OS application developed by Many Tricks that allows you to quickly arrange, resize, move, scale and shape windows so you spend as little time as possible placing windows and more time working with them.

Moom system requirements:

The program requires macOS 10.8 "Mountain Lion" or later to be installed on the computer. You can try Moom for free.

Trying to download and choose the best file manager for Windows? There is good news, it is XYplorer portable program, it is just a file manager for Windows and has features such as tabbed browsing, powerful file search (as explorer, alternative), universal preview, customizable interface, optional dual panel and a large set unique ways to efficiently automate repetitive tasks. This file manager for Windows computers is fast, innovative, lightweight and portable, according to developer Cologne Code Company. Read on for an overview of XYplorer!

Learn more about the functionality of the XYplorer file manager. So, there is an export of extended information about the files of entire directories (or even directory trees) to CSV text files. Automatic column width adjustment. Customizable display formats for file size and date information. For each file and folder, the used (real) disk space is immediately displayed. Remembers the last folder and sort order. Browser-like history functionality. You can assign favorite folders. A large set of useful commands added to the standard file context menu, including "Copy to", "Move to", "Copy file name with path", "Copy file properties", "Rename multiple files". Icon extraction, multi-file timestamp and attribute label. Instant display of full file/version information for each selected file. Instant preview of images, audio and video files (displays detailed media information). Instant view of file contents for all files (ASCII and binary), including text extraction from binary files (fairly fast). Full support for Drag and Drop and mouse wheel.

XYplorer what is it for the user

XYplorer as a two-pane file manager for Windows was designed for hard work. The program is easy to install and easy to uninstall. Installing and running the program does not change your system or registry. Ease of use in that you can start working in the shortest possible time (the interface is fully consistent with the standards of the file manager). The program is small, fast and convenient for the computer's RAM.

Portability:

XYplorer is a portable file manager. That is, it does not require any installation into the computer's operating system, stores all configuration data in the program's data folder, and running it does not change your system or registry. Take it with you and you can run the program from a USB flash drive. Further file management is in your hands.

Working with tabs:

Tabs in the file manager make it easy to switch between folders. Drag them, hide them, lock them, name them or drop files on them. Tabs remember their configuration individually and across sessions. In addition, the user gets tabs and a dual panel.

Functionality:

XYplorer was designed to make the user experience faster, according to the developer. Indeed, numerous usability improvements in an attractive interface help to optimize the workflow and increase its efficiency. Under these conditions, you can save a lot of time when working with files in Windows.

Scripts in the file manager for many tasks:

Yes, you can program this program. Individual solutions for individual tasks. No plugins are required, scripts are run from the program folder. Even beginners can benefit from this feature, as many ready-to-use scripts are available on the official file manager forum.

The speed of the program:

Speed ​​has always been the main goal of XYplorer software development. Code is constantly optimized for performance, zero tolerance for slowness. In addition, the file manager uses very little RAM in Windows, the executable file is small (only 7 MB) and loads almost instantly on the system.

Reliability:

Can XYplorer file manager be trusted. One thing is clear that the program works as intended by the developer and expected to work, it seems that it is very difficult to enter into a failure state. In addition, the developer states that any problems with the program are immediately resolved and are usually resolved within a few hours. It is worth adding that a large community is closely following the development of the file manager and is constantly testing frequently released beta versions.

Software customization:

You can customize the file manager to look and behave the way you want. Customization ranges from fonts and colors to customizable toolbar buttons and even file icons and program associations. And every part of the XYplorer file manager is completely portable. Even dark mode.

Responsiveness of the developer of the XYplorer program:

System requirements for the program:

Because XYplorer is a portable file manager. File management does not require you to install or modify your operating system or registry. You can take the program with you and simply launch the file manager from a USB drive along with your personal configuration.

The XYplorer program works under 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Microsoft operating systems:

Windows Server 2003;
- Windows XP;
- Windows Vista;
- Windows Server 2008;
- Windows 7;
- Windows Server 2012;
- Windows 8;
- Windows 8.1;
- Windows Server 2016;
- Windows 10.

You can try the file manager for free, but remember that the demo version of XYplorer is fully functional only 30 days after installation on your computer!

Nimble web video downloader for Mac: Downie will save video content one time or by list and customizable "alarm clock".

Online Video Downloader - Downie currently supports over 1,000 different sites (including Facebook, Vimeo, the legendary YouTube, Lynda, Youku, Daily Haha, MTV, iView, South Park Studios, Bloomberg, Kickstarter, NBC News, CollegeHumor , MetaCafe, as well as Bilibili and other video sites). Plus, the list of sites from which the program can download videos is growing rapidly.

Support for downloading 4K YouTube videos - Unlike many other YouTube video downloader software, Downie supports HD YouTube videos up to 4K format.

Frequent updates - no need to wait long for new sites to be added from where you can download videos or bugs are fixed. Downie is updated about once a week with new features, supported sites, and more.

International approach - Downie downloader not only supports specific sites created for a particular country, the program is also localized into different languages. If your language is not on the list of supported languages, just contact the developer of Charlie Monroe Software and discuss this issue.

New features in Downie:

Program UI redesign - The downloader UI has been redesigned from the ground up. The interface, according to the developer, has become faster, more convenient and visually pleasing.

Menu Bar Icon - You can manage your downloads from the menu bar, without having to take your eyes off your current work.

Improved HLS support - according to the developer of the program, HLS streams are loaded four times faster.

DASH support - DASH streams are now supported.

Major post-processing improvements - Post-processing of some uploads can take only seconds instead of minutes thanks to Downie, a short cut to analyze video before converting it.

Simple Mode - If you prefer to keep the user interface as simple as possible, there is the "Easy" mode for you.

Grouping video files by site, from which the download was made and playlist - all downloads can now be sorted into folders depending on where you downloaded them from or what playlist they are from.

Delayed start of the queue - a function of scheduling downloads for the required time (for example, you can assign a video download to the middle of the night) so as not to overload the Internet channel for the whole family.

Support for user-controlled pop-ups - The program now additionally supports pop-ups, so you can log in to sites that open the login in a separate window.

Simple tips for using Downie:

If you have a large list of links or a lot of links within some text, just drag and drop it all onto Downie - the downloader will scan the text for links with video content.

You can also use copy and paste - just hit Command-O in Downie and you can paste a lot of links.

Quick user support:

The developer of the video downloader usually responds to emails within 24 hours and quite often adds support for the requested sites in the program in the next update.

A few words from the developer of the program:

Charlie Monroe, CEO, Developer and User Support:

"My goal is to release the best apps and provide the best support."

To all who thought about downloading the Downie program for Mac. You should be aware that the program requires a computer running macOS 10.11 or later.

So, with VideoSolo DVD Creator, burn almost any video to DVD and even Blu-ray discs easily and quickly, with excellent flexibility of settings (you can burn video, edit video, add audio, edit DVD menu).

Need to solve the problem of how to download videos from sites online? For example, from sites such as YouTube, Facebook, MTV, Vimeo, Yahoo, Dailymotion, TED, Vevo, Niconico, AOL, Worldstar Hip Hop, Youku, CBS, ESPN and others. With this program, home movies or videos can still be burned to DVD or Blu-ray after being downloaded from an online site.

The program allows, in a few simple steps, to download 3D video, high definition video (4K, 1080p and 720p resolution) and music for any player.

Styling your DVD with the right menu.

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Video review of VideoSolo DVD Creator: User's Guide.

Mankind is striving to switch to alternative sources of electrical supply that will help keep the environment clean and reduce the cost of energy generation. The production is a modern industrial method. includes solar receivers, batteries, controllers, inverters, and other devices designed for specific functions.

The solar battery is the main element from which the accumulation of rays begins. In the modern world, there are many pitfalls for the consumer when choosing a panel, as the industry offers a large number of products combined under one name.

silicon solar cells

These products are popular with modern consumers. Silicon is the basis for their manufacture. Its reserves in the depths are widespread, and production is relatively inexpensive. Silicon cells compare favorably in terms of performance with other solar cells.

Element types

Silicon production is carried out in the following types:

• monocrystalline;
• polycrystalline;
• amorphous.

The above forms of devices differ in how silicon atoms are arranged in a crystal. The main difference between the elements is the different indicator of light energy conversion, which in the first two types is approximately at the same level and exceeds the values ​​for devices made of amorphous silicon.

Today's industry offers several models of solar light catchers. Their difference lies in the equipment used for the production of solar panels. The manufacturing technology and the type of starting material play a role.

Single crystal type

These elements consist of silicone cells fastened together. According to the method of the scientist Czochralski, absolutely pure silicon is produced, from which single crystals are made. The next process is cutting the frozen and hardened semi-finished product into plates with a thickness of 250 to 300 microns. Thin layers are saturated with a metal grid of electrodes. Despite the high cost of production, such elements are used quite widely due to the high conversion rate (17-22%).

Manufacturing of polycrystalline elements

Solar panels made of polycrystals is that the molten silicon mass is gradually cooled. The production does not require expensive equipment, therefore, the cost of obtaining silicon is reduced. Polycrystalline solar storages have a lower efficiency factor (11-18%), unlike monocrystalline ones. This is explained by the fact that during the cooling process, the mass of silicon is saturated with the smallest granular bubbles, which leads to additional refraction of the rays.

Amorphous silicon elements

Products are classified as a special type, since their belonging to the silicon type comes from the name of the material used, and the production of solar cells is carried out using film device technology. The crystal in the manufacturing process gives way to silicon hydrogen or silon, a thin layer of which covers the substrate. Batteries have the lowest efficiency value, only up to 6%. Elements, despite a significant drawback, have a number of undeniable advantages that give them the right to stand in line with the above types:

• the absorption value of optics is two dozen times higher than that of single-crystal and polycrystalline drives;
• has a minimum layer thickness of only 1 micron;
• cloudy weather does not affect the work of converting light, unlike other types;
• due to its high bending strength, it can be used without problems in difficult places.

The three types of solar converters described above are complemented by hybrid products made from materials with dual properties. Such characteristics are achieved if microelements or nanoparticles are included in amorphous silicon. The resulting material is similar to polycrystalline silicon, but compares favorably with new technical indicators.

Raw materials for the production of CdTe film-type solar cells

The choice of material is dictated by the need to reduce the cost of manufacture and improve performance in operation. The most commonly used light-absorbing cadmium telluride. In the 70s of the last century, CdTe was considered the main contender for space use; in modern industry, it has found wide application in solar energy.

This material belongs to the category of cumulative poisons, so the debate on the issue of its harmfulness does not subside. Research scientists have established the fact that the level of harmful substances entering the atmosphere is acceptable and does not harm the environment. The efficiency level is only 11%, but the cost of converted electricity from such elements is 20-30% lower than from silicon-type devices.

Beam accumulators made of selenium, copper and indium

The semiconductors in the device are copper, selenium and indium, sometimes it is allowed to replace the latter with gallium. This is due to the high demand for indium for the production of flat-type monitors. Therefore, this substitution option was chosen, since the materials have similar properties. But for the efficiency indicator, replacement plays a significant role, the production of a solar battery without gallium increases the efficiency of the device by 14%.

Polymer based solar collectors

These elements are classified as young technologies, as they have recently appeared on the market. Organic semiconductors absorb light to convert it into electrical energy. For production, fullerenes of the carbon group, polyphenylene, copper phthalocyanine, etc. are used. As a result, thin (100 nm) and flexible films are obtained, which in work give an efficiency coefficient of 5-7%. The value is small, but the production of flexible solar panels has several positive aspects:

• large funds are not spent for manufacturing;
• the ability to install flexible batteries in places of bends, where elasticity is of paramount importance;
• comparative ease and availability of installation;
• flexible batteries do not have a harmful effect on the environment.

Chemical etching during production

The most expensive in a solar cell is a multicrystalline or monocrystalline silicon wafer. For the most rational, pseudo-square figures are cut, the same shape allows you to tightly lay the plates in the future module. After the cutting process, microscopic layers of damaged surface remain on the surface, which are removed by etching and texturing to improve the reception of incident rays.

The surface processed in this way is a randomly located micropyramids, reflected from the face of which, the light falls on the side surfaces of other protrusions. The loosening procedure reduces the reflectivity of the material by approximately 25%. In the etching process, a series of acid and alkali treatments are used, but it is unacceptable to greatly reduce the layer thickness, since the plate cannot withstand the following treatments.

Semiconductors in solar cells

The technology for the production of solar cells suggests that the main concept of solid electronics is the p-n junction. If the electronic conductivity of the n-type and the hole conductivity of the p-type are combined in one plate, then a p-n junction occurs at the point of contact between them. The main physical property of this definition is the ability to serve as a barrier and pass electricity in one direction. It is this effect that allows you to establish the full operation of solar cells.

As a result of phosphorus diffusion, an n-type layer is formed at the ends of the plate, which is based near the surface of the element at a depth of only 0.5 μm. The production of a solar battery provides for a shallow penetration of carriers of opposite signs, which arise under the action of light. Their path to the zone of influence of the p-n-junction must be short, otherwise they can extinguish each other when they meet, without generating any amount of electricity.

The use of plasma-chemical etching

The design of the solar battery provides for the front surface with an installed grating for current capture and the back side, which is a solid contact. During the diffusion phenomenon, an electrical short occurs between the two planes and is transmitted to the end.

To remove the short circuit, solar battery equipment is used, which allows this to be done using plasma-chemical, chemical etching or mechanically, by laser. The method of plasma-chemical influence is often used. Etching is performed simultaneously for a stack of silicon wafers stacked together. The outcome of the process depends on the duration of treatment, the composition of the agent, the size of the squares of the material, the direction of the ion flow jets, and other factors.

Application of an anti-reflective coating

By applying a texture to the surface of the element, reflection is reduced to 11%. This means that a tenth of the rays are simply reflected from the surface and do not take part in the formation of electricity. In order to reduce such losses, a coating with a deep penetration of light pulses is applied to the front side of the element, which does not reflect them back. Scientists, taking into account the laws of optics, determine the composition and thickness of the layer, so the production and installation of solar panels with such a coating reduce reflection to 2%.

Contact plating on the front side

The surface of the element is designed to absorb the greatest amount of radiation, it is this requirement that determines the dimensional and technical characteristics of the applied metal mesh. By choosing the design of the front side, engineers solve two opposing problems. The decrease in optical losses occurs with thinner lines and their location at a large distance from one another. The production of a solar battery with an increased grid size leads to the fact that some of the charges do not have time to reach contact and are lost.

Therefore, scientists have standardized the value of the distance and line thickness for each metal. Too thin strips open space on the surface of the element to absorb rays, but do not conduct a strong current. Modern methods of applying metallization consist of screen printing. As a material, silver-containing paste most justifies itself. Due to its use, the efficiency of the element rises by 15-17%.

Metallization on the back of the device

The application of metal to the back of the device occurs in two ways, each of which performs its own work. A continuous thin layer over the entire surface, except for individual holes, is sprayed with aluminum, and the holes are filled with silver-containing paste, which plays a contact role. The solid aluminum layer serves as a kind of mirror device on the back side for free charges that can be lost in the dangling crystal bonds of the lattice. With such a coating, solar panels work 2% more in power. Consumer reviews say that such elements are more durable and do not depend so much on cloudy weather.

Making solar panels with your own hands

Not everyone can order and install solar power sources at home, since their cost today is quite high. Therefore, many craftsmen and craftsmen are mastering the production of solar panels at home.

You can buy kits of photocells for self-assembly on the Internet at various sites. Their cost depends on the number of plates used and power. For example, low power kits, from 63 to 76 W with 36 plates, cost 2350-2560 rubles. respectively. Here they also purchase work items rejected from production lines for any reason.

When choosing the type of photoelectric converter, one takes into account the fact that polycrystalline cells are more resistant to cloudy weather and work more efficiently than single-crystal ones, but have a shorter service life. Monocrystalline have a higher efficiency in sunny weather, and they will last much longer.

To organize the production of solar panels at home, you need to calculate the total load of all devices that will be powered by the future converter, and determine the power of the device. From this follows the number of photocells, while taking into account the angle of the panel. Some craftsmen provide for the possibility of changing the position of the accumulation plane depending on the height of the solstice, and in winter - on the thickness of the snow that has fallen.

Various materials are used to make the case. Most often they put aluminum or stainless corners, use plywood, chipboard, etc. The transparent part is made of organic or ordinary glass. On sale there are photocells with already soldered conductors, it is preferable to buy such ones, since the assembly task is simplified. The plates are not stacked one on top of the other - the lower ones can give microcracks. Solder and flux are pre-applied. It is more convenient to solder the elements by placing them immediately on the working side. At the end, the extreme plates are welded to the tires (wider conductors), after which the "minus" and "plus" are output.

After the work done, the panel is tested and sealed. Foreign craftsmen use compounds for this, but for our craftsmen they are quite expensive. Home-made transducers are sealed with silicone, and the back side is coated with acrylic-based varnish.

In conclusion, it should be said that the reviews of the masters who did it are always positive. Once having spent money on the manufacture and installation of the converter, the family quickly pays for them and begins to save money using free energy.

The idea of ​​using solar energy is being introduced very actively, especially in sunny countries. Therefore, it is a promising business. But any business must start with the right equipment for the production of solar panels. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the technical equipment of the business.

Although expensive, equipping a home with solar panels is a cheaper option for power supply than running power lines.

What is solar energy used for?

Nowadays, solar panels are widely used in different directions:

• portable electronics - charging batteries of various electrical equipment;
• electric vehicles;
• aviation - the use of solar energy by aircraft;
• energy supply of buildings - heating, water heating, lighting, etc., is very popular in tropical and subtropical countries;
• used in space.

The most promising business is providing energy to homes and other buildings. But one way or another, you need to buy equipment for the production of solar panels.

Solar installation equipment

Batteries solar energy storage. Without them, the work of solar panels is impossible. They accumulate energy during the day, and in the evenings and nights it can be used.

inverters- an electronic device that converts the constant low voltage of charged batteries into a high variable industrial frequency.

Uninterruptible power supply used for devices that are adversely affected by a sudden loss of voltage.

Battery charge controller- a device that is responsible for the timely connection of the battery with consumers - if the battery is not sufficiently charged, the controller does not allow you to make a connection.

Technical equipment for manufacturing

High voltage testing equipment

Each module is tested for suitability. Checks electrical safety, circuits for open circuits, conducts high voltage tests, insulation resistance. The design of the device is made of aluminum frames, sensory curtains. Its dimensions accommodate modules of different sizes (3W - 400W).

Characteristics:

• dimensions, mm: 2500 x 1500 x 900;
• maximum size of the tested module, mm: 1400 x 2100;
• test parameters: voltage, acceleration time, current leakage;
• Software: digital microprocessor with 50 programs;

Travel table with positioning pads

Applied to SPV modules for various actions. The table is equipped with aluminum guides. The tabletop is equipped with special balls along which the battery is moved. Pneumatic spacers, in turn, hold the object in one position.

Characteristics:

• dimensions, mm: 2000 x 1300 x 900;
• maximum size of the tested module, mm: 2000 x 1200;
• non-metallic balls;
• polyurethane gaskets;
• anodized aluminum frame;
• lift by hand lever;
• application: edge trimming, junction box connection, stacking, connection.

framing machine

Glue the edges of the tape, apply soapy water, frame and crimp the solar modules. Includes rotating table with vacuum suction cups. The machine can be operated by one worker. The equipment is very versatile in use, accommodates modules of different sizes (100W - 300W). Additionally presses, compresses and glues the corners.

Equipment characteristics:

• dimensions, mm: 3000 x 1900 x 970;

glass cleaning machine

It is a PLC controlled horizontal brush system. It has a very strong structure.

The working area is 2 m by 1 m. Glass thickness: 2 mm - 4 mm. Performs 7 steps of cleaning, leaves no streaks.

Cleaning process:

• glass is cleaned with a nylon brush;
• rinsing with deionized water;
• moving to the unloading chamber;
• repeated rinsing with deionized water;
• squeezing water from the substrates;
• drying with cold air;
• hot air drying.

Equipment parameters:

• dimensions, mm: 4,700 x 2,000 x 1,300;
• productivity: 30 panels (2 m x 1 m) in 1 hour;
• glass size, mm: 300x300 - 2,000x1,000;
• multi-stage cleaning according to PV standards;
• material: polypropylene.

Cell cutting equipment

Cutting is carried out with a fiber laser. With it, you can get any size. For one cut, 4 cells are obtained. The unit is very compact and has a convenient design.

Characteristics:

• device size, mm: 2000 x 1500;
• table size, mm: 400 x 400 x (4 cells 156 mm x 156 mm);
• display: Pentium 4, laser cutting software
• laser: fibrous;
• air cooling;
• holder: vacuum suction cup;
• minimum frame size, mm: 994 x 666 x 50;
• hydraulic framing process.

Mirror inspection table

It is an important equipment for solar panels. It is used for visual inspection of solar modules. With the help of a mirror, an inspection is carried out, various defects can be detected: displacement of cells, damage, etc. This stage is carried out before lamination.

Characteristics:

• maximum module size, mm: 2,000 x 1,000;
• tabletop material: glass or acrylic;
• manual inspection with a mirror;
• presence of lighting.

Solar PV Module Laminators

Lamination protects the device from environmental influences. As a coating, special organic substances are used. To prevent air molecules from entering the device, vacuum is used during lamination.

The equipment consists of a laminating chamber (high-alloyed aluminum alloy). The chamber is divided into upper and lower. Between them is a silicon gasket. The entire process of heating the chamber is controlled by a given program. The equipment has fuses to protect the system and the worker.

Characteristics:

• working temperature: 150°C;
• can work with 3-phase power supply;
• automatic and manual mode.

Video: the possibilities of modern production

Production of solar batteries on the example of CJSC "Telecom-STV"

- produce solar panels, such batteries will always be in demand, since solar energy is inexhaustible, and silicon, from which solar cells are mainly made, is a very common substance.

The only disadvantage of this business idea is the underdevelopment of the technological process manufacturing of solar panels, which does not yet reduce the cost of the battery.
Solar battery production requires the presence of the main raw material - quartz sand, containing a significant concentration of silicon dioxide and easy to process.

Further, depending on the type of silicon: amorphous, monocrystalline and polycrystalline, its own production technology is used. To obtain single-crystal silicon with a homogeneous crystal structure, it is grown using a seed single crystal. In a special oven, rotating in a certain way.

Less costly technologies are used in the production of polycrystalline silicon, which has a heterogeneous structure. To obtain polycrystalline silicon, vapor deposition is carried out, which causes the molecules to solidify freely and randomly.

Manufactured batteries on polycrystalline silicon have a relatively low price.
The resulting single-crystal silicon disks from the manufacturing process are then cut to a square shape. Further, square-shaped single-crystal silicon is cut with diamond disks into thin plates with a thickness of 0.2 to 0.4 mm.

Then they are subjected to thorough cleaning, turning, grinding and cleaning. Then the testing of single-crystal silicon plates is carried out. Next, silicon plates are connected to form solar cells. Then protective coatings of strong glass are applied to the surfaces of the silicon parts of the batteries to prevent
negative impact of the environment. Next, the surfaces are metallized, then an anti-reflective coating is applied with a special laminate.

To achieve the required electrical parameters, in particular the level of voltage and current, solar cells are connected in series. This process takes place in accordance with the glass-film technology, inscribed in the business plan for the production of solar cells. The film is attached to the reverse side of the resulting photovoltaic plate structure, then the edges of the film are sealed, which guarantees the quality of the solar cells.

Under the action of solar energy, current is generated by the photovoltaic cells of solar panels. Then the current is accumulated, and it can already be used to power other electrical appliances.

How to make a solar battery - video:

By the way, solar cells themselves can be ordered from well-known online auctions.

Reading time 10 minutes

solar panel manufacturing business- a fairly new format of entrepreneurship for Russians. It is one of the innovative ideas, but in a short time of its use, people who started working in this area managed to open their own successful business.

This business format is risky, since there are no standard models of work, the entrepreneur will have to deal with their development on their own. You can use the experience of Western colleagues, because abroad solar panels have been actively used for a long time not only in industrial areas, but also in everyday life.

In the Russian market, there are no more than 10 companies involved in the production of such panels, so the level of competition is very low. If a novice businessman wants to start a business in this area, then he needs to bring his idea to life before other entrepreneurs appear.

The production of solar panels as a business is not an easy task, requiring special skills and knowledge of manufacturing technology. Difficulties may also arise at the stage of promoting your business - it is not entirely clear which distribution channels are the most in demand.

But to open such a business, large investments will not be required - 300,000 rubles will be enough to organize a mini-production, launch advertising and establish trade channels.

If an entrepreneur opens a solar battery manufacturing company from scratch, then he needs to clearly understand what these devices are and how they will be useful to the consumer. This will allow you to determine the circle of main customers with whom you will have to work in the future.

A solar battery is a special device that literally "collects" the energy of the sun's rays. This energy can be used for the following purposes:

• heating of premises (houses, industrial and production buildings, agriculture);
• water heating;
• obtaining electricity for lighting;
• operation of ventilation systems;
• operation of technical devices.

A solar collector with an area of ​​1 m 2 is capable of heating 100 liters of water in just 1 hour.

Citizens may have a question, why do we need solar energy when you can use more familiar systems by contacting the house management. Of course, a solar battery is not used to provide energy for an ordinary apartment. But in a country house or in the country, such a collector can significantly reduce the cost of conducting the necessary communications. Plus, while using the battery, you will not have to pay for energy, and in a normal situation, you will need to pay monthly bills for electricity, gas, hot water.

The advantages of using solar energy include the following features:

1. the possibility of using the accumulated energy;
2. minimal battery maintenance (every year you only need to check the device’s performance so that it converts energy as efficiently as possible);
3. silent operation (will ensure maximum comfort of living in the house, which, for example, is impossible when using a water heating unit);
4. continuous improvement of the technologies used make it possible to increase the efficiency of solar installations and reduce the costs of their manufacture;
5. absolute harmlessness to humans (batteries do not emit harmful substances into the atmosphere).

All this gives an unambiguous answer whether the production and use of solar panels is profitable or not.

Where to start production?

If an entrepreneur has not encountered the production of solar panels before, then he will probably wonder where to start his own business? Before starting your own business, you need to conduct a thorough market analysis. Moreover, it is necessary to study the situation not in the country as a whole, but in a particular region. In some cities, solar energy is already actively used, and there are also suppliers of the necessary equipment in them. If there are too many competitors in the industry, it makes sense to try to implement your idea in another region.

The use of solar panels is not advisable in all regions of the country. Northern cities do not use this technology, since the sun shines in them for too short a period of time. It makes sense to open your own production of solar collectors in the southern regions of the country with a warm climate.

Sphere Features

Work in the field of solar panels production is attractive for start-up businessmen not only because of low competition. It also has other positive features:

• the possibility of opening with a relatively small investment;
• simplicity and availability of solar collector manufacturing technology;
• development opportunities (including through continuous improvement of technologies in the field of solar energy);
• a large number of potential consumers of the service.

Of course, there will be some difficulties. For example, not many Russians know about all the benefits and useful properties of solar panels. Therefore, they will have to talk about the benefits they receive on their own or by attracting experienced marketers.

Solar panel production technology

Some entrepreneurs do not dare to start working in this area, thinking that it is impossible or very difficult to master the production technology on their own. Of course, certain skills will not be enough. But if a businessman is not at all familiar with the peculiarities of creating solar collectors, he can always turn to a consultant for help. For a fee, he will not only share technology, but also help to establish production. Finding such a specialist is not always easy. A person must be well versed in physics and electromechanics.

At the stage of formation of production, it will be necessary to look for suppliers of raw materials. And this is also a difficult task. To create panels you will need:

• silicon (its monocrystalline or polycrystalline modification is used);
• aluminum frames;
• polypropylene;
• polycarbonate;
• wires;
• electricity converters.

There are several production technologies. But novice entrepreneurs usually use the silicon method, as it is considered the most accessible and studied.

If the entrepreneur does not want to create batteries from scratch, but only plans to assemble the structure, then it will be enough to find a supplier of finished parts. For example, they can be brought from China. This option will require a minimum of investment, since equipment for the manufacture of panels is not required. And let in this case the payback will be quick due to the low volume of investments, but the profitability will decrease significantly due to the high cost of finished parts.

Purchase of the necessary equipment

After studying the production technology, you will need to purchase all the necessary equipment. Production must be fully automated if the entrepreneur wants to sell really high-quality, strong and durable products. The mechanization of all processes will reduce the cost of panels by several times than if finished parts were purchased from suppliers in bulk.

The "artisanal" method of production with the purchase of finished parts does not require specialized equipment. An electric drill, a jigsaw, a level and a saw will suffice.

But a full-cycle enterprise should have its own production line. To run it, you will need the following equipment:

• laser cutting machine;
• laminator;
• framing machine;
• cleaning equipment (processes plates);
• special inspection tables;
• automats for checking the operation of panels.

But the opening of full-scale production will require more serious costs. You can buy a complete production line in Asian countries for at least 5,000,000 rubles. And the whole plant will cost 2 times more. In Russia, it is almost impossible to purchase the necessary equipment, since domestic manufacturers almost do not produce the corresponding machine tools.

If the cost of equipment does not include commissioning, then you will need to pay for it separately, which will further increase the initial investment.

Aspiring entrepreneurs will not be able to open such an expensive enterprise, so they can make battery parts by hand or purchase them in advance.

With a large scale of production, you can not do without your own cars for the delivery of finished products to the client, transportation of workers. Renting a vehicle in this case will be less profitable.

Finding a suitable room

If a small production of batteries from finished parts is planned, then it is not necessary to rent a separate room - your own garage will be enough. When organizing an entire production line, it will not be possible to do without a specialized workshop. Moreover, funds for repairs will be added to the additional initial costs - otherwise it will not work to follow the production technology.

For the manufacture of solar panels, the room must be equipped with ventilation, heating, electricity and water supply. You will also have to purchase specialized installations for disinfection - high-precision equipment is produced in clean conditions. The workshop area must be at least 300 m2.

Staff

For the full functioning of the enterprise, the following specialists may be required:

• engineer (you can use the one-time services of a consultant);
• sales managers (will work with the customer base, promote the product);
• installers;
• drivers.

An engineer and a driver may not be required if the enterprise is small. But the work of the manager and the installer must be divided, since one person will not be able to cope with his tasks equally well.

All employees must have knowledge and experience in working with high-tech equipment. Competent and qualified installers - a guarantee of the quality of the work being done. Active sales managers - ensuring a sufficient flow of customers.

Production registration

Even the opening of a small-scale production of solar panels will require registration as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. This will allow customers to ensure the reliability of the transaction and receive a guarantee for free service.

As a taxation system, it is better to choose UTII, individual entrepreneurs can also stop at the simplified tax system. Additionally, it is better to take out social state insurance.

Promotion and sales

Since solar panels are a new product on the Russian market, their sale will have to be given special attention. It will be necessary to independently inform the population about the benefits of using the panels. They will also have to be familiarized with the technologies used, the features of the use of devices.

It is better to promote such products targetedly. For example, posting leaflets in modern villages. Sales managers can call customers, invite them for a free consultation or come on their own. Additionally, it is worth spending money on placing ads in local newspapers, on thematic and regional forums.

Financial indicators

The opening of production will require at least 300,000 rubles. But to organize a full-fledged production line, much more serious investments are needed - about 6,000,000 rubles. It is very difficult for an entrepreneur to find such an amount. Large credit in banks give very reluctantly. The only way out of this situation is to attract investors.