Prevention and treatment of pigeons from Trichomonas

Trichomoniasis in birds is a fairly common disease among pigeons, but it also occurs in chickens, turkeys, guinea fowls, ducks, and also in geese. Mostly young individuals aged from 2 weeks to 6 months are ill.

Birds (pigeons) suffer more often from trichomoniasis in spring and summer. Infection occurs through the alimentary canal. The most common causes of the disease are poor quality feed and dirty drinking water. Sand, grain films or other coarse foreign particles contained in poor quality feed can injure the protective lining of the mucous membrane, allowing bacteria to enter the body.

Trichomoniasis in pigeons, or rather its causative agent, can be found in all birds in which non-sterile immunity has been formed. By this concept, experts mean such a feature - Trichomonas on mucous membranes is diagnosed, but pigeons do not get sick.

This is due to the fact that this microorganism, which is an infectious agent of the disease, is viable for a long time in a humid environment, which means it remains active, multiplying in drinking water, on the mucous membranes of the pharynx, larynx, goiter and esophagus of a bird.

The incubation period of trichomoniasis in pigeons is from 6 to 15 days. Symptoms depend on the immunity of the individual and the virulence of the virus.

As veterinary practice shows, there are several forms of the disease in pigeons. In most cases, it manifests itself in the defeat of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and intestinal form. This is a fairly serious infection that responds well to timely treatment. If you miss the time, then the sick dove may die.

Symptoms observed in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in pigeons

alimentary canal lesions. Lethargy, immobility, open beak, increased saliva, mushy or dense neoplasms "yellow plugs" on the mucous membranes, increasing every day. Treatment, started in a timely manner, can save the bird from suffocation and death.

Intestinal form of trichomoniasis. In addition to the listed signs, the bird may have liquid droppings with a sharp putrefactive odor, an increased volume of the abdomen, the body temperature decreases, the bird puffs up and clogs up in heaps. Refusal to feed, weight loss and death (the so-called disease "thin pigeons")

These signs indicate the intestinal form of trichomoniasis in pigeons. Treatment with this form is quite difficult and often the sick individual dies.

The immunity of trichomoniasis occurs at the late stages of the development of the disease, it is short-lived and when the body is weakened, a new invasion may occur.

Treatment

To treat the disease in birds, the drug "" is used in the form of a solution. For young animals 1 tablet per day for 5 days, for adults 2.5 grams of the drug per 1 liter of water.

Also, the medicinal solution is instilled with a pipette both into the bird's beak and into the goiter, avoiding the liquid getting into the lungs.

Scheme of preventive measures against trichomoniasis in pigeons

TM "bios animal»

1. A month before pairing (steaming), we solder the pigeons "" t.m. "Bios Animal" 3-5 days.
2. After the dove lays, we solder the 2nd egg (45-50) a day 2 times "" t.m. "Bios Animal" 3-5 days. Can be replaced by prophylaxis for pigeons at the age of 12-15 days, 1 tablet personally (in the mouth) 2-3 days in a row + vitamins.
3. When the pigeons are reached, the age of 35-45 days is soldered "" t.m. "Bios Animal" 3-5 days + vitamins or 1 tablet personally (by mouth) 2-3 days + vitamins
4. When the pigeons are reached, the age of 65-75 days is soldered "" t.m. "Bios Animal" 3-5 days + vitamins.

If the above listed prevention schemes are observed, we remove the mortality rate of pigeons by 90%.

Trichomoniasis in birds is a fairly common disease among birds, which is often found in domestic and wild breeds of pigeons. This is due to the fact that this microorganism, which is an infectious agent of the disease, is viable for a long time in a humid environment, which means it remains active, multiplying in drinking water, on the mucous membranes of the pharynx, larynx, goiter and esophagus of a bird.

Veterinarians say that trichomoniasis in pigeons, or rather its causative agent, can be found in all poultry, which has formed non-sterile immunity. By this concept, experts mean such a feature - Trichomonas on mucous membranes is diagnosed, but pigeons do not get sick.

Infection of an individual occurs in several ways. The most common are poor quality feed and dirty drinking water. Sand, grain films or other coarse foreign particles contained in poor quality feeds can injure the protective lining of the mucous membrane, allowing bacteria to enter the body, causing trichomoniasis in birds.

An infectious disease can manifest itself in different ways. Symptoms depend on the immunity of the individual and the virulence of the virus. But as veterinary practice shows, although there are several forms of the disease, in birds in most cases it manifests itself in lesions of the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus. This is a fairly serious infection that responds well to timely treatment. If you miss the time, then the sick pigeon may die, infecting other birds.

Lethargy, immobility, open beak, dense neoplasms of "yellow plugs" on the mucous membranes, increasing every day - the symptoms observed in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in pigeons. Treatment, started in a timely manner, can save the bird from suffocation and death.

In addition to the listed signs, the bird may have liquid droppings with a sharp putrefactive odor, an increased volume of the abdomen. These signs indicate the intestinal form of trichomoniasis in pigeons. Treatment with this form is quite difficult and often the sick individual dies.

For the treatment of diseases in birds, the drug Trichopolum is used in the form of a solution. For young animals - 17.5 grams of Trichopolum per 1 liter of water, for adults - 3 grams of the drug for the same volume of water.

The medicine is used in the form of lotions to remove growths from the mouth by massaging the contents of the goiter. Also, the medicinal solution is instilled with a pipette both into the bird's beak and into the goiter, avoiding the liquid getting into the lungs. To prevent carriage, veterinarians recommend adding Trichopolum to drinking water.

If Trichopolum is not in the pigeon breeder's first aid kit, then trichomoniasis in pigeons, the treatment of which should not be postponed, can be carried out with drugs such as iodoglycerin, Lugol's solution.

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Trichomoniasis is a disease caused by Trichomonas. This is a tiny flagellate microorganism capable of being active for a long time when it enters the water, but quickly loses its properties when it enters a dry climate. It can easily be destroyed by disinfectants or natural factors. The main feature of trichomonas is reproduction on the mucous membranes of the goiter, larynx, esophagus. The microorganism is always present in all pigeons, both domestic and wild. If a flock of home maintenance is affected by Trichomonas, then pigeons are prescribed treatment.

Infection occurs through the affected drinking water and through feed, which will be of poor quality in composition. It may contain thick grain films, sand. The main signs of the disease can be called immobility of the bird, lowered wings. But the most pronounced sign is the constantly open beak.

This is observed because the entrance to the larynx is closed by the so-called "yellow plug". These are dense formations on the mucous membranes of the larynx, yellowish in color. From the fact that the bird cannot take food with such a traffic jam, it weakens and soon dies. If you notice the symptoms in time and determine the degree of damage, then the treatment of trichomoniasis in pigeons will be successful.

Of the drugs used in veterinary medicine, metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, natamycin, silymarin, methionine and other drugs in certain dosages, which are in the instructions for use, are prescribed for the treatment of trichomoniasis.

When treating, special attention should be paid to feeding sick pigeons. Feeding is done by putting liquid cereals into the beak or pushing them directly into the goiter. After treatment, enhanced nutrition and a course of probiotic preparations are prescribed. It can be bifidumbacterin, lactobacterin.

In many pigeons, both old and young, that are not treated for yellow (trichomoniasis), pathogens (trichomoniasis) are hidden. This can cause big problems in the chick's nest, resulting in yellow plugs at the back of the throat.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is one of the widely known diseases of domestic feathered breeds. It must be borne in mind that a real disease afflicts a tribe of many varieties of domestic pigeons. The disease factor is considered to be a multi-flagellated microbe from the simple division - Trichomonas. A distinctive feature of the pathogen is the ability to be in an active state in drinking water for a long period, but drying causes it to die. The causative agent of trichomoniasis is shaky in the external environment to poor conditions and disinfectants in simple dilutions. The main ability of the pathogen is the ability to live and breed for a long time in the mucous layers of the oral cavity, pharynx, throat, alimentary tract, goiter.
The causative agent of this disease comes across on the mucous membranes of absolutely all domestic birds, and the so-called dirty immunity is formed, that is, resistance to infection of pigeons with a trichomoniasis pathogen. But when feeding with goiter milk, the irritant enters the mucous membranes, and at the initial time of feeding, adults infect the tribe.
The introduction of the pathogen is also explained by feeding with low-quality feed containing dust, hard shells from grain. They will injure the mucous layers and contribute to the entry of Trichomonas.
The next way of infection is with the intake of drinking water by young pigeons, in which Trichomonas are present.
It is possible to re-infect mature birds when combining a dove and a dove with their noses.
Trichomonas can stay in young birds in the umbilical cord and umbilical ring while in the nest.

Treatment and prevention.

In young animals, the overlays are removed from the mouth, the contents are rubbed in the goiter. Already after pulling out the overlays with a swab soaked in a solution of Trichopolum (35 g in 2 liters of water), this solution is poured into the mouth through a pipette. In order to eliminate carriage, mature pigeons are poured 3 g of Trichopolum per liter into drinking water and solder the composition for a couple of days, continuously adding vitamins to the main diet. Impositions on the skin are removed with a pointed knife, tincture of iodine.

The modern drug against trichomoniasis is T-T-K MIX

Prior to the start of breeding, it is enough to treat the drinking water of pigeons with the 1st of the disinfecting substances (trichopolum, formalin, etc.) for 6 days. It is preferable to carry out the treatment 4-8 days before hatching, then reproduce the course of cure at the beginning of the feeding of the chicks.
At the time of feeding the squeakers, the drinkers must be in the cleanest condition, since Trichomonas breed in stagnant water. Particular attention is paid to the processing of "nurse" doves purchased for the purpose of educating short-billed squeakers.
When treating birds, it must be borne in mind that unstarted episodes can be cured. Powerless birds with trichomoniasis of the larynx and internal organs will not recover. In all cases, during an outbreak of the disease, the diet of birds should be diversified by adding trivitamin, fish oil to the menu; carry out cleaning and disinfection of dovecote service facilities.

Pigeon trichomoniasis (trichomoniasis diphtheria)

Trichomoniasis is one of the most widespread diseases of pigeons of wild and domestic breeds. It should be noted that this disease affects the young of many species of poultry. The cause of the disease is a flagellar microorganism from the protozoan order - Trichomonas. A feature of the pathogen is the ability to remain active in drinking water for a long time, but drying causes its death. The causative agent of trichomoniasis is unstable in the external environment to adverse factors and disinfectants in conventional dilutions. The main ability of the pathogen is the ability to exist and multiply for a long time on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, goiter.

The causative agent of trichomoniasis is found on the mucous membranes of all domestic pigeons, and the so-called non-sterile immunity is formed, that is, immunity to infection of pigeons with a trichomoniasis pathogen. However, when feeding goiter milk, the pathogen enters the mucous membranes, and in the first days of feeding, adults infect the young.

The introduction of the pathogen also causes the feeding of low-quality feed containing sand, coarse grain films. They injure the mucous membranes and contribute to the penetration of Trichomonas.

The next way of infection is with the intake of drinking water by young pigeons, in which there are Trichomonas.

It is possible to re-infect adult pigeons when connecting a dove and a dove with their beaks.

Trichomonas can be found in young pigeons on the umbilical cord and paraumbilical ring while in the nest. The course and severity of the disease depend on several factors, and primarily on the virulence of Trichomonas and the natural resistance of the organism.

Young animals mostly fall ill between the 4th and 20th day of feeding. The worse the feeding conditions, the more often they are affected and the more severe trichomoniasis occurs.

There are several forms of trichomoniasis, but most of all this disease occurs with damage to the pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus. When infected, pigeons become motionless, sit in a nest with lowered wings, an open beak, as the entrance to the larynx is blocked, in the oral cavity on the mucous membranes there are dense yellow formations, which are called "yellow plug". Sometimes these overlays are visible through the open beak. A few days later, due to the increase in the yellow plug, suffocation and death occur. Other signs include weakness, inability to fly, sticking plumage, indifference.

When the internal organs of digestion and the liver are damaged, intestinal upset occurs (the so-called intestinal form), the litter is released liquefied, putrid, unpleasant odor, the stomach increases sharply in volume. This form of the disease occurs in pigeons older than one month of age and is severe, ending in death. In the liver with this form, trichomoniasis foci ranging in size from a pea to a pigeon's egg are observed.

In the cicatricial form of trichomoniasis, skin thickening first occurs, a small knot of yellow-brown color is formed, penetrating deep into the internal organs. The division of trichomoniasis into these forms is conditional, since simultaneous damage to the pharynx and intestines is often noted.

If a yellow plug and other lesions occur, it is necessary to differentiate from diseases similar in course: from the diphtheritic form of smallpox, candida goat, diphtheritic form of beriberi A. Accurate diagnosis is possible with a laboratory study of crops from internal affected organs.

Treatment and prevention. Young pigeons are removed from the oral cavity, the contents of the goiter are massaged. After removing the overlays with a cotton swab dipped in a solution of Trichopolum (35 g per 2 liters of water), the same drug is instilled through a pipette into the oral cavity and goiter. In order to prevent the liquid from entering the lungs, it can be introduced through a tube. For adult pigeons, to destroy carriage, 3 g of Trichopolum per 1 liter are added to drinking water and the solution is soldered for several days, constantly adding vitamins to the main diet. Impositions on the skin are removed with a sharp scalpel, tincture of iodine, iodine glycerin.

In the absence of Trichopolum, the pigeon breeder can apply a 0.25% solution of silver nitrate, Lugol's solution, iodine glycerin, into which the tip of the feather fan is dipped and the affected areas are lubricated.

Before the start of the breeding season, it is enough to treat drinking water in adult pigeons with one of the disinfectants (trichopolum, formalin, potassium permanganate, etc.) for 6 days. It is better to carry out the treatment 4–8 days before hatching, then repeat the course of treatment at the beginning of feeding the pigeons.

During the period of feeding pigeons, drinkers should be in a clean state, since Trichomonas breed in stagnant water. Particular attention is paid to the processing of “nurse” pigeons acquired for raising short-beaked pigeons.

When treating pigeons, it should be borne in mind that untreated cases are treatable. Emaciated pigeons with trichomoniasis of the pharynx and internal organs are not cured. In all cases, with an outbreak of trichomoniasis, it is necessary to diversify the feeding of pigeons by adding trivitamin, fish oil to the diet; clean and disinfect dovecote care items. Good results are obtained by disinfection with a 3-4% solution of soda ash heated to 40 ° C, 2% solutions of bleach or chloramine.

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Pigeon diseases are characterized by a rather extensive symptomatology. Most often, birds are affected by whirlpool, smallpox, paratyphoid fever, ornithosis, thrush, coccidiosis and candidiasis. Pigeon diseases often occur due to non-compliance with the basic rules for caring for a bird. The causes of infection may be: an incorrectly composed diet, neglect of sanitary standards or the lack of preventive measures.

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Types of diseases and ways of infection

Diseases affecting birds are divided into contagious and non-contagious.. Pigeons are more prone to disease, but adults who are kept in unsuitable conditions and do not receive enough vitamins along with food can get sick. Diseases that affect the body of birds include:

• Newcastle disease (whirlpool);
• ornithosis;
• smallpox;
• salmonellosis (paratyphoid);
• trichomoniasis;
• candidiasis;
• thrush (candidomycosis);
• coccidiosis.

The risk of bird infection is especially high when it comes to infectious diseases. In total there are two ways:

1. 1. Direct. In this case, a healthy pigeon becomes ill after contact with an infected pigeon.
2. 2. Indirect. The infection enters the body of a bird through infected feed, drink, soil.

Changes in behavior or appearance may indicate the presence of a disease in a bird.



Twirl (Newcastle disease)

Newcastle disease, or whirlpool, is a dangerous disease of an epileptic nature. Scientists have found that the disease is of viral origin. Every year it strikes about a thousand birds. If not diagnosed in time, the bird may die.

Paramyxovirus most often affects the nervous system. The incubation period is short, only a few days. It is assumed that the disease occurs in the middle ear as a consequence of smallpox. Pathogens are released into the environment long before the onset of the main symptoms. During this period, internal bleeding may occur.

Pigeons, wild and domestic, are the main carriers of paramyxovirus. The pathogen is transmitted through direct contact of the bird with a sick individual. In rare cases, a bird can become infected by airborne droplets through infected drink and food.

For a person, the whirlpool is not dangerous, but people can be carriers of the virus, especially if they neglect the rules of personal hygiene.



Signs of the disease

The disease can be recognized already by the first symptoms:

• change in gait;
• lethargy;
• redness of the beak and eyes;
• the appearance of diarrhea;
• convulsions;
• neck curvature.

An infected feathered bird does not refuse food and drink for the first time. Outwardly, a sick pigeon looks untidy, feathers are ruffled, the bird loses activity, tries to walk less.

After the onset of diarrhea, the pigeon stops eating, tries to drink more. At the last stage, after the curvature of the neck, inflammatory processes begin in the internal organs. They lead to the death of the bone marrow and brain. Individuals who have undergone a tortoiseshell at an early age acquire immunity.

The chronic form of the disease takes very rarely. In this situation, death is inevitable.





Treatment of vertiches with medicines and folk remedies

In the first 9 days of infection, the disease can be cured. It is important not to be late and diagnose the disease in time, otherwise the bird will die. Fixed assets are available in the form of capsules and solutions, for example, Fosprenil. A broad-spectrum vaccine administered intramuscularly, usually in the area of ​​the pectoral muscle. You can water the dove through the beak. The drug enhances metabolic functions and blood flow in the feathered body, supports and strengthens the pigeon's immune system. The tool has no side effects, it is completely safe for birds and people.

An analogue of Fosprenil is the drug Immunofan. Instructions for use of the product do not differ from the instructions for Fosprenil. The solution can be used to drink a pigeon, especially if the breeder doubts that he will be able to give the injection correctly.

The simultaneous use of two or more drugs is strictly prohibited. Consultation of a specialist will help not to make a mistake in choosing a medicine.

Traditional medicine offers several ways to treat Newman's disease at home. It is recommended to give a sick pigeon belladonna, which is a homeopathic remedy. A special mixture is also prepared from garlic, egg yolk, a small amount of milk and ground grains. It must be injected directly into the feathered goiter. The procedure is repeated for several days.

ornithosis

Ornithosis is one of the most serious contagious diseases affecting not only pigeons, but also the rest of poultry. The causative agent is chlamydia. The disease has a second name - psittacosis. It can take two forms: acute and chronic. In rare cases, the pigeon is only a carrier of the disease.

Ornithosis is a danger to humans. If the pathogen enters the body, there is a risk of developing pneumonia.

About 140 species of birds are at risk of psittacosis. The spreaders of the disease are:

• geese, ducks;
• pigeons (domestic and wild);
• decorative poultry;
• wild waterfowl;
• wild migratory birds.



Symptoms

Chlamydia entering the body adversely affects the respiratory tract. In the lungs, the process of reproduction begins, then the bacteria enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Chlamydia cause inflammation in the internal organs. The incubation period lasts about 30-40 days.

The main symptoms of ornithosis include:

• runny nose;
• wheezing when breathing;
• cough;
• diarrhea (liquid green litter);
• loss of appetite;
• profuse lacrimation;
• eye discharge.

When infected with ornithosis, the pigeon has a disheveled and untidy appearance.

Ornithosis treatment

Sick birds must be isolated to prevent the spread of the disease. Special therapy is carried out, which includes:

• treatment of a pigeon with medicines;
• sanitation of the dovecote;
• feed processing.

Ornithosis is treated with antibiotics. The causative agents of the disease are sensitive to sulfonamides, so the drugs Erythromycin, Eriprim, Azithromycin are given to the infected in large doses. They restore the immunity of the bird. These drugs are mixed with feed. The course of treatment should not exceed 10 days. If the disease has not receded, the procedure must be repeated.

To strengthen the intestinal microflora, it is recommended that a sick pigeon be given vitamins A, B and D.

smallpox

Smallpox disease affects the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. The causative agent is a virus that contributes to the formation of pockmarks on the skin. The infection has a long viability: the causative agents of smallpox survive even at sub-zero temperatures, but at high temperatures they die. Viral infection is detrimental to direct sunlight.



The appearance of the disease is typical for young animals, adults most often act as carriers of the disease. External signs may not appear for about 60 days. Birds that are kept in inappropriate conditions and do not receive vitamins and essential nutrients are especially susceptible to infection.

smallpox symptoms

Symptoms of smallpox disease appear in the first week after infection. The disease most often takes an acute form, sometimes it can flow into a chronic one. The main signs of infection are:

• untidy appearance;
• lowered wings;
• flight cancellation;
• lack or decrease in activity.

Approximately on the fifth day after infection, characteristic growths appear in the beak area. At first they are small, rounded, pale yellow. Over time, the formation grows and turns red, eventually acquiring a brown tint.

The growths make it difficult to breathe: the bird may wheeze or breathe exclusively through the mouth.

Treatment of the disease

Medicines that completely cure pigeons from smallpox do not exist today. Veterinarians advise to inject gamma globulin subcutaneously at 0.3 ml per individual. A mixture of adrenaline at a dosage of 1/10,000 is administered intramuscularly. It must be combined with a solution of potassium, which is added to the drink.

Traditional medicine recommends treating smallpox with herbal ointments and glycerin. Such funds will help to dry the build-up and subsequently get rid of it. After the crust subsides, the wound must be treated with a weak iodine solution or a 3–5% solution of potassium permanganate. This procedure will help to avoid suppuration. The affected oral cavity is treated with Lugol's solution.

A pigeon that is severely malnourished by smallpox must be killed to avoid infecting the remaining healthy individuals.

Paratyphoid (salmonellosis)

The causative agent of salmonellosis is the salmonella bacillus. The pathogen usually survives in litter, eggshells, water, and bedding. The disease is transmitted from the female to the chicks, and salmonella also reduces the fertility rate of eggs. Cases have been identified when individuals cured of salmonellosis lost the ability to fly.



The disease can take two forms. With latent symptoms, most often they do not appear. The virus lives in the internal organs of the pigeon, it is released into the environment through litter and eggs. With a pronounced form, the external signs of the disease are distinguishable. At this stage, the bird in most cases dies.

Salmonellosis symptoms

The disease has its own individual symptoms. These include:

• weakening of the musculature of the wings;
• mucus and blood in the litter;
• bumps on the joints;
• convulsions.

When infected with salmonellosis in pigeons, the digestive system is disturbed. The feathered limbs begin to tremble, there is a weakening of the muscular frame, the dove is lethargic and inactive. The bird is not able to fly and gradually stops moving at all.

The virus infects the brain and nervous system. The bird is in a state of neurosis. When the disease is advanced, the feathered one falls on its back and dies.

Treatment of paratyphoid

Veterinarians note that a complete cure for the disease is possible with an integrated approach. Before starting, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures: sanitization of the dovecote and the destruction of rats and mice.

Treatment of the disease is carried out with medicines of the tertacycline and ampicillin groups. Polyvalent serum from cattle can alleviate the condition of a pigeon infected with salmonellosis.

You cannot self-medicate. Expert advice is required.

Traditional medicine does not guarantee a complete cure. They only help maintain the pigeon's immunity.

Trichomoniasis

The causative agent of the disease is a flagellate bacterium - Trichomonas. A feature of Trichomonas is its long-term viability in the aquatic environment, the microorganism dies only when dried. It reproduces mainly in the oral cavity, goiter, esophagus and larynx.



The onset of the disease is due to damage to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Most often this occurs due to the consumption of sand or coarse grains. Young pigeons get trichomoniasis due to contaminated drinking water.

When the beaks of a dove and a dove come into contact, infection with trichomoniasis is possible.

Symptoms

The main symptoms include:

• immobility;
• blockage of the entrance to the larynx;
• formation of yellow color in the oral cavity;
• weakness;
• untidy appearance.

The bird often breathes through its mouth. There is the appearance of diarrhea, diarrhea with a sharp unpleasant odor, the stomach increases in volume. Seals of various sizes appear in the feathered liver.

Treatment

For the treatment of trichomoniasis, veterinarians advise using special products. These include:

• metronidazole;
• tinidazole;
• ornidazole;
• natamycin;
• silymarin.

Drugs must be used strictly according to the instructions. Traditional medicine recommends the use of iodoglycerin and Lugol's solution as auxiliary medicines.

Candidiasis

The causative agent of candidiasis is a yeast-like unicellular fungus of the genus Candida.. The fungus feels good in a neutral and slightly alkaline environment. With increased acidity, Candida loses its ability to reproduce.



The disease develops in several stages. These include:

• beak candidiasis;
• goiter candidiasis;
• systemic candidiasis.

Signs of infection

Candidiasis of the beak is the mildest and most quickly treatable type.. The symptoms of the disease include:

• inflamed beak;
• the appearance of characteristic "grooves" on the horny sheath;
• swollen wax.

Goiter candidiasis can simultaneously cause damage to the oral cavity and stomatitis in birds.. The complexity of the disease lies in the fact that the symptoms are not immediately detectable. Infection can be identified by the following signs:

• the dove regurgitates food;
• the goiter is hot to the touch;
• the wall of the goiter is thickened, the blood vessels are clearly visible;
• the feathered is rapidly losing weight;
• diarrhea occurs, green litter with white urates.

Systemic candidiasis is the most dangerous of all types. It occurs as a complication after untreated candidiasis of the goiter and digestive tract. Symptoms include:

• weight loss;
• refusal to feed;
• the appearance of diarrhea;
• the appearance of scabs on the skin.

Treatment Methods

Beak candidiasis is treated with special ointments containing lamisil, clotrimazole, which lubricate the horny sheath. Avoid getting the medicine inside.

For the treatment of goiter candidiasis, a local preparation is used: Pimafucin. The recommended dosage per individual is 5 mg per day. To prevent the appearance of candidiasis of the oral cavity, it is necessary to treat it with Lugol and iodine-containing alcohol-free solutions. Traditional medicine advises adding fresh lemon juice or a couple of drops of apple cider vinegar to a sick pigeon's drink. In an acidic environment, the development of the fungus stops.



Treatment of systemic candidiasis is carried out with the help of antifungal drugs: Itraconazole, Fluconazole. Before starting treatment, a consultation with a veterinarian is necessary.

Thrush (candidiasis)

Candidiasis, or thrush, is a disease of fungal origin. It affects the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, esophagus and goiter. Thrush is caused by the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans. It grows into the mucous membrane, actively multiplies, leading to damage to the digestive tract.

The disease most often occurs due to improper maintenance or overcrowding of the dovecote. The incubation period ranges from 10 days to 2-3 months. The disease can be epidemic in nature.

Symptoms appear 7-9 days after infection. These include:

• weight loss;
• lethargy and apathy;
• growth stop;
• the appearance of diarrhea;
• an unpleasant smell of rot from the beak;
• swelling of the goiter.

Prevention of thrush consists in regular disinfection of the premises.

Treatment

A sick bird is recommended to be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics: Biomycin and Terramycin. Your veterinarian will help you determine the correct dosage. Vitamins of groups A and B are given as aids. To suppress the infection, infected pigeons must be isolated.



Alternative medicine suggests using garlic and onions as a remedy. The juice of these plants adversely affects the development of the fungus. You can also use copper and iron sulfate. They are mixed into the feed at the rate of 1–1.5 grams per 1 kg. Treatment methods using traditional medicine will help to stop the course of the disease.

If necessary, infected individuals must be destroyed.

Young pigeons are susceptible to coccidiosis. Signs of infection include:

Pigeon trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is one of the most widespread diseases of pigeons of wild and domestic breeds. The cause of the disease is a flagellate microorganism - Trichomonas. A feature of the pathogen is the ability to remain active in drinking water for a long time, but drying causes its death. The causative agent of trichomoniasis is unstable in the external environment to adverse factors and disinfectants in conventional dilutions. The main ability of the pathogen is the ability to exist and multiply for a long time on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, goiter.
The causative agent of trichomoniasis is found on the mucous membranes of all domestic pigeons, and the so-called non-sterile immunity is formed, i.e. immunity to infection of pigeons with a trichomoniasis pathogen. However, when feeding goiter milk, the pathogen enters the mucous membranes, and in the first days of feeding, adults infect the young.
The introduction of the pathogen also causes the feeding of low-quality feed containing sand, coarse grain films. They injure the mucous membranes and contribute to the penetration of Trichomonas.
The next way of infection is with the intake of drinking water by young pigeons, in which there are Trichomonas. It is possible to re-infect adult pigeons when connecting a dove and a dove with their beaks.
Trichomonas can be found in young pigeons on the umbilical cord and paraumbilical ring while in the nest. The course, severity of the disease depends on several factors, and primarily on the virulence of Trichomonas and the natural resistance of the organism.
Signs of the disease: There are several forms of trichomoniasis, but most of all this disease occurs with damage to the pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus.

When infected, pigeons become immobile, sit in a nest with lowered wings, an open beak, as the entrance to the larynx is blocked, in the oral cavity on the mucous membranes there are dense yellow formations, which are called "yellow plug". Sometimes these overlays are visible through the open beak. A few days later, due to an increase in the yellow plug, suffocation and death occur. Other signs include weakness, inability to fly, sticking plumage, indifference.
When the internal organs of digestion and the liver are damaged, intestinal upset occurs (the so-called intestinal form), the litter is released liquefied, putrid, unpleasant odor, the stomach increases sharply in volume. This form of the disease occurs in pigeons older than one month of age and is severe, ending in death. In the liver with this form, trichomoniasis foci ranging in size from a pea to a pigeon's egg are observed.

All about pigeons Bondarenko Svetlana Petrovna

Pigeon trichomoniasis (trichomoniasis diphtheria)

Trichomoniasis is one of the most widespread diseases of pigeons of wild and domestic breeds. It should be noted that this disease affects the young of many species of poultry. The cause of the disease is a flagellar microorganism from the protozoan order - Trichomonas. A feature of the pathogen is the ability to remain active in drinking water for a long time, but drying causes its death. The causative agent of trichomoniasis is unstable in the external environment to adverse factors and disinfectants in conventional dilutions. The main ability of the pathogen is the ability to exist and multiply for a long time on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, goiter.

The causative agent of trichomoniasis is found on the mucous membranes of all domestic pigeons, and the so-called non-sterile immunity is formed, that is, immunity to infection of pigeons with a trichomoniasis pathogen. However, when feeding goiter milk, the pathogen enters the mucous membranes, and in the first days of feeding, adults infect the young.

The introduction of the pathogen also causes the feeding of low-quality feed containing sand, coarse grain films. They injure the mucous membranes and contribute to the penetration of Trichomonas.

The next way of infection is with the intake of drinking water by young pigeons, in which there are Trichomonas.

It is possible to re-infect adult pigeons when connecting a dove and a dove with their beaks.

Trichomonas can be found in young pigeons on the umbilical cord and paraumbilical ring while in the nest. The course and severity of the disease depend on several factors, and primarily on the virulence of Trichomonas and the natural resistance of the organism.

Young animals mostly fall ill between the 4th and 20th day of feeding. The worse the feeding conditions, the more often they are affected and the more severe trichomoniasis occurs.

There are several forms of trichomoniasis, but most of all this disease occurs with damage to the pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus. When infected, pigeons become motionless, sit in a nest with lowered wings, an open beak, as the entrance to the larynx is blocked, in the oral cavity on the mucous membranes there are dense yellow formations, which are called "yellow plug". Sometimes these overlays are visible through the open beak. A few days later, due to the increase in the yellow plug, suffocation and death occur. Other signs include weakness, inability to fly, sticking plumage, indifference.

When the internal organs of digestion and the liver are damaged, intestinal upset occurs (the so-called intestinal form), the litter is released liquefied, putrid, unpleasant odor, the stomach increases sharply in volume. This form of the disease occurs in pigeons older than one month of age and is severe, ending in death. In the liver with this form, trichomoniasis foci ranging in size from a pea to a pigeon's egg are observed.

In the cicatricial form of trichomoniasis, skin thickening first occurs, a small knot of yellow-brown color is formed, penetrating deep into the internal organs. The division of trichomoniasis into these forms is conditional, since simultaneous damage to the pharynx and intestines is often noted.

If a yellow plug and other lesions occur, it is necessary to differentiate from diseases similar in course: from the diphtheritic form of smallpox, candida goat, diphtheritic form of beriberi A. Accurate diagnosis is possible with a laboratory study of crops from internal affected organs.

Treatment and prevention. Young pigeons are removed from the oral cavity, the contents of the goiter are massaged. After removing the overlays with a cotton swab dipped in a solution of Trichopolum (35 g per 2 liters of water), the same drug is instilled through a pipette into the oral cavity and goiter. In order to prevent the liquid from entering the lungs, it can be introduced through a tube. For adult pigeons, to destroy carriage, 3 g of Trichopolum per 1 liter are added to drinking water and the solution is soldered for several days, constantly adding vitamins to the main diet. Impositions on the skin are removed with a sharp scalpel, tincture of iodine, iodine glycerin.

In the absence of Trichopolum, the pigeon breeder can apply a 0.25% solution of silver nitrate, Lugol's solution, iodine glycerin, into which the tip of the feather fan is dipped and the affected areas are lubricated.

Before the start of the breeding season, it is enough to treat drinking water in adult pigeons with one of the disinfectants (trichopolum, formalin, potassium permanganate, etc.) for 6 days. It is better to carry out the treatment 4–8 days before hatching, then repeat the course of treatment at the beginning of feeding the pigeons.

During the period of feeding pigeons, drinkers should be in a clean state, since Trichomonas breed in stagnant water. Particular attention is paid to the processing of “nurse” pigeons acquired for raising short-beaked pigeons.

When treating pigeons, it should be borne in mind that untreated cases are treatable. Emaciated pigeons with trichomoniasis of the pharynx and internal organs are not cured. In all cases, with an outbreak of trichomoniasis, it is necessary to diversify the feeding of pigeons by adding trivitamin, fish oil to the diet; clean and disinfect dovecote care items. Good results are obtained by disinfection with a 3-4% solution of soda ash heated to 40 ° C, 2% solutions of bleach or chloramine.