The dove is the bird of my city.
Research project.

Introduction 3
1. General information about the pigeon. 4
2. Interesting facts about the pigeon. 5 - 6
3. City pigeons. 7-8
4. Birdwatching. nine
5. Organization and conduct of the experiment. ten
6. Conclusion. eleven
7. List of used literature. 12

Introduction.
Pigeons and people. The dove is so familiar that sometimes we do not notice it. He, like other birds, has a beak, neck, head, torso, tail, wings, paws and the body is covered with feathers (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. The appearance of a pigeon.
The dove tries to be closer to the person. Why? Probably from us he is waiting for warmth and attention. Maybe we should try to establish contact with this community, take a step towards it. For this, I tried to learn more about the bird.
The study of the pigeon, I began by asking questions that interest me.
Pigeon - what kind of bird is it?
What order of birds does it belong to?
How is it different from other birds?
How many types of pigeons exist in nature?
What does it eat?
What is the life expectancy?
What is the flight speed of a pigeon?
What is the weight?
How does he take care of his offspring?
Do writers write about pigeons?
Are there monuments dedicated to this bird?
1. General information about the pigeon.
Pigeon - [ Download file to view link ] semi-domestic and wild. (Ushakov's dictionary)
According to rough estimates, there are more than 800 breeds of pigeons in the world, most of them are decorative. About 200 breeds are bred in our country, many of them exist only in Russia. Pigeons are conditionally divided into four groups: (Fig. 2)
13 SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 1415 Figure 2. Classification of pigeons.
Each breed has its own flight style. Some rise in circles to a great height and circle for several hours, others immediately go up and seem to stand in one place for hours. And there are those who tumble in flight over their heads, falling down, or, as lovers say, “knocking out a pole”, go up.
No less popular among bird lovers are decorative pigeons. When breeding these breeds, great importance is attached to the beauty of plumage and original appearance. For example, peacock (trumpeted) pigeons attract attention. They got their name because of the rich plumage of the tail. When caring for a dove, the male throws his tail over his back, spreading it like a fan.
I also learned about how a wild pigeon cooes - a klintukh. In old parks, in the crowns of large deciduous trees, one can sometimes hear a low, unhurried, repeated sound “ub-ub-ub-ub-ub” several times in a row. About another representative of the pigeon family - the common turtledove, I read that with her “turbling” she declares herself everywhere. Her voice is a soft and unhurried “turr-turr-turr”, performed with a certain rhythm and emphasis many times in a row.
Interesting bird facts.
5 thousand years ago, domestic pigeons were already known in ancient Egypt.
The dove is the hero of many ancient legends and ritual actions.
According to legend, the god of war Mars did not fight because a dove made a nest in his battle helmet. The formidable warrior did not dare to destroy the bird's nest, and the war was prevented. From that moment on, the dove became a symbol of peace and friendship, and among the ancient Jews - love and morality.
In Palestine, young turtledoves were sacrificed to the gods.
Pigeons are cruel. And if in dogs the winner licks the one who surrendered, then these meek birds can beat the vanquished to death with blows of their beaks.
Well-trained carrier pigeons can reach speeds of up to 60 - 70 kilometers per hour. The height of their flight in bad weather is 100 - 150 meters, in good weather - 300 - 350 meters. They withstand a sports distance of up to 500 - 600 kilometers.
The radius of departure of pigeons from the dovecote in search of food reaches 40 kilometers.
The resulting pigeon couples are strong and do not collapse in case of any family troubles (with the exception of the death of one of the spouses).
This bird is flocking, that is, it keeps in groups, often of impressive size.
In Paris, England there are monuments to this bird. This happened in 1942. The British submarine was damaged by fascist planes, and she was forced to sink to the bottom. Death seemed inevitable. Two pigeons lived on board the submarine. Notes were attached to the paws of the birds indicating the coordinates - the location of the boat, they were placed in a special capsule, which was thrown out through the torpedo tube. The dove died during the storm, but the dove managed to fly to the base. And help came. For this subspecies, the dove was awarded the highest military award of Great Britain and immortalized in the form of a bronze bird. However, this monument is a sign of gratitude and respect to all 200 thousand winged signalmen who "served" in the British army during the Second World War.

Monuments Monument
"To doves and caring hands of man"
(located in Turkey)

This year Ufa hosted the SCO-BRICS summit. During this summit, which brought together representatives of many countries, a fundamental turn was noted in the affairs of strengthening peace between peoples and the need to unite the efforts of all countries to maintain peace and stability. In many SCO and BRICS member countries, it is pigeons that are an integral part of creating peace and creation. So, on September 3, 2015, celebrations were held in Beijing in honor of the 70th anniversary of China's victory in the war of resistance to Japanese aggression and the end of World War II. The grandiose parade of troops ended with a symbol of peace: white doves rose into the blue of the sky. The Dove of Peace by Pablo Picasso is a drawing that has played an important role in the political symbolism of peace supporters.
Famous artists depict them on their canvases.
PICASSO Pablo
(full Pablo Ruiz y Picasso)
french painter,
Spanish by origin.
(drawing "Dove of Peace", 1947).
3. City pigeons
Descended from wild gray pigeons crossed with pigeons of different breeds, from which they inherited a variety of colors. In the cities you can meet the rock pigeon. It is similar to the rock dove, but is well distinguished by a white stripe on the tail, noticeable during takeoff. This species is very trusting of humans. Birds settle in attics and eaves of houses, rest on roofs and feed on what people throw, seeds of wild plants, due to lack of food, sometimes they peck the remains of vegetables and fruits in landfills.
In spring, the birds form pairs. Sometimes they arrange tournaments: they beat each other with wings and peck at an opponent.
There are only two eggs in the clutch. (fig.3)

Figure 3. Dove laying.
Incubation lasts 17 days. At the same time, the female sits on the eggs from 16 pm to 10 am, then the male replaces her, and she sets off

refresh and relax. (fig.4)
Figure 4. Caring parents.
The chicks are born naked and blind. (fig.5)

Figure 5. Pigeon chicks.
Up to 10 days of age, parents feed them only with "Bird's milk". At the age of 25-30 days, pigeons are already quite independent.
4. Birdwatching.
My further research went through the observation of birds in their natural environment.
The purpose of the observation: to find out if there are pigeons in the city, in what places they live.
Object of observation: pigeons.
Equipment: For this, I determined the observation route, which began from Ayskaya St., 72
The results of the observation, issued in the form of table No. 1.

No. p / p
Watchpoints
Feature of the place
Number of birds observed
Peculiarities

1
Aiskaya 72
sewer manholes
6
people fed

2
Ayskaya 76
Stop
10
Many people
2 sick birds

3
Aiskaya 78
Stop
9
people fed

4
Kharkovskaya 116
Big store
3
1 bird with a wounded leg

5
Kharkovskaya 118

sewer manholes
25
3 birds with injured legs

6
school path
Road to school
sewer manholes
11
people feed

TOTAL: 64 6 patients
Table 1. The result of monitoring the distribution of birds in the microdistrict.

Conclusion: the pigeon is found in those places where it is warm (sewer manholes), stops, near shops, therefore, where there are a lot of people. This means that birds need people, they expect help and attention from them.

5. Organization and conduct of the experiment.
Purpose: to find out what kind of food pigeons prefer.
Experimental object: pigeon.
Place of experiment: 72 Ayskaya St. (manholes)
Equipment: various types of food: sunflower seed, pumpkin seed, white bread, rye bread, apple slices, orange slices.
During the week, at the same time, the birds were offered different foods, which were given at the same time (in different piles). I fixed which of the feeds the bird eats first. I showed the result in the form of table No. 2.
No. p / p
Suggested food item
Food eaten first

1.
sunflower seed
+
+
+
+
+

2.
pumpkin seed
+
+
+
+

3.
White bread (crumb)
+
+
+

4.
Rye bread (crumb)
+
+

5.
Apple pieces (small)
-

6.
slices of orange
-

Table 2. Results of the experiment to identify the food preferences of the pigeon.

Conclusion: most of all, pigeons prefer sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds are in second place, bread is 3rd and 4th, but pigeons remained indifferent to fruits.
6. Conclusion.
Studying reference, popular science literature, I was able to learn a lot of interesting facts about the pigeon. Through my observations in nature and experiment, I was able to establish that pigeons need attention from humans.
This is not the end of my study of the pigeon. The next stage of my work is the development and production of a leaflet in which I will tell my classmates how to care for and care for a pigeon.

7. List of used literature.

B.E. Raikov, M.N. Rimsky-Korsakov "Zoological excursions" M .: "Topical" 1994
Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Naturalist. M.: "Pedagogy - Press"
Birds of fields and forests. M .: Terra - Book Club. 1998
Singing birds. M .: Terra - Book Club. 1998

13PAGE 14415

Pigeon species

Sports
(postal)

Decorative

Flight
(racing)

13 Embed PBrush 1415

Pigeon EggsRoot Entry

Section: Educational projects

Theme: "Dove-bird of peace"

Supervisor:
Medvedeva Olga Vladimirovna
primary school teacher

c. Isakla

2016
Content

Introduction.. 3 pages
1. Main body 4 pages
1.1 Dove. What kind of bird? .4 page
1.2. The image of a dove in legends and myths 4 - 5 pp.
1.3. Good messenger. Bird of Peace 5 – 6 pp.
1.4. Types of pigeons 7-8 p.
2. Breeding pigeons
2.1. Dovecote arrangement .............................. 8 - 9 pages
2.2 Nutrition. My experiment and conclusions.....9 – 10 pp.
2.3.Conclusions..11 p.
.
3.Conclusion12 pages

4. Bibliography 13 pages.

5. Appendix 14 - 15 pages.

Introduction.

Relevance of the chosen topic:
Since childhood, everyone knows that the dove is the bird of the world. But rarely does anyone know why? In addition, since ancient times, pigeons have been loved by people for their unpretentiousness in keeping, fidelity and flying qualities. Why does attachment to these birds arise?
“Dove bird of peace” I met this saying in the text of the Olympiad task. I wonder where this came from, because pigeons, in fact, are not much different from all other birds, these questions swept my imagination and I turned to the world wide web for answers
My uncle is a pigeon breeder. Therefore, I decided to learn as much as possible about this unusual bird, about its habits, development, to answer the question regarding the attachment of people to pigeons, including my uncle.

Research hypothesis:
Pigeons are amazing birds that can be bred at home. They bring joy to people. Contact with them is the best way to replenish your vitality.
I suppose that the true passion for pigeons, communication with them makes a person kinder, purer in soul and nobler in heart. Pigeon breeders can watch for hours how their pets, performing miracles of aerobatics, go up, sparkling with plumage in the sun. At the same time, the soul comes to life, all anxieties and sorrows recede away. This is one of the pleasures that a person receives by communicating with nature.

Purpose of the study:
answer the question "Why is the dove considered the bird of the world?";

Research objectives:
a) study the living conditions of pigeons in a dovecote;
b) get acquainted with the history of breeding birds;
c) determine preferences in the diet of pigeons;
d) draw the attention of classmates that breeding pigeons is a responsible and exciting business;
e) find out why the dove is called the bird of the world.
Object of study:
Dovecotes.

Research methods:
a) observation and communication with pigeons;
b) analysis of the diet;
c) selection of literature, study of Internet resources.
1. The main part.

Pigeon. What kind of bird?

The dove is so familiar that sometimes we do not notice it. He lives next to us, tries to be closer to the person. But are we happy with such a neighborhood?
Pigeons (pigeons), a family of birds of the order pigeon-like. About 290 species, united in 41 genera. The common ancestor of all domestic pigeons is the wild rock pigeon. The body of the pigeons is dense, the head is small, the neck is short, the wings are usually long and sharp, the tail is of medium length, rounded. The legs are short, four-fingered, the toes are long, with short strong claws. The beak is small, straight, thin at the base, and somewhat swollen towards the top. The base of the beak is covered with a soft skin wax. The plumage of pigeons is thick and dense, varied, often bright in color. Males are larger than females, they do not differ in color. Widespread in the world. In Russia, there are rock doves, wood doves, turtledoves, etc. Most species are forest dwellers, some live in rocks, cliffs, and human structures. Pigeons are strictly diurnal. Food is usually collected on the ground, in connection with which they walk well. They fly beautifully: easily, quickly, they can make sharp turns. They are social birds. Most often kept in flocks, sometimes of enormous size. Pigeons feed mainly on plant seeds.
Pigeons are among the oldest domestic animals. The history of their domestication dates back thousands of years before our era. In the early Middle Ages, they spread throughout the world. About 200 breeds of domestic pigeons are bred in Russia.

The image of a dove in legends and myths.

It started from ancient times. People believed that the dove did not have a gallbladder, and therefore it was pure and kind. Many nationalities revered it as a sacred bird, a symbol of fertility.

Even before our era, the ancient Romans had a legend about how the doves of the goddess of love Venus built their nest in the helmet of the god of war Mars, and the god of war, in order not to destroy their nest, abandoned another bloody undertaking.
In scripture in Judaism and Christianity, Noah released a dove three times from his ark in the hope that it would bring news of the end of the Flood. The first time the dove returned with nothing, the second time he brought an olive branch in his beak, and the third time he did not return at all, which meant that "the water had come down from the earth."
Since then, among many peoples, the dove has come to personify good news, a symbol of peace that is often used in our time.
In China, the dove is a symbol of longevity, fidelity, order, respect for elders, spring and voluptuousness. In ancient Greece and Rome, the dove symbolized love and renewal of life, as in the myths Zeus was fed by doves. Therefore, the emblem of Athena was a dove with an olive branch, as a symbol of new life. Among the Jews, white doves became a symbol of purity, but nevertheless they were sacrificed there. In Hinduism, doves act as messengers from the god of the dead. In Japanese culture, a dove with a sword means the end of all wars and civil strife.
The dove has long been considered a symbol of peace and love. In the East, this bird was sacred and revered as a messenger of the gods. Also in ancient times, it was believed that the devil can take on any form, except for a dove, a donkey and a sheep.
Legends of love and fidelity are associated with this bird. After all, pigeons live with one partner and choose him for life. The male, caring for the female, spins around her, inflates his neck, bends his head to the ground and spreads his wings. This dance is certainly accompanied by loud cooing. After the end of the ceremony, the male and female look after each other - they clean their feathers and “kiss”, touching their beaks. These birds have love and tenderness, fidelity and jealousy.

1.3. Good messenger, bird of the world.

The dove of peace is an expression that gained popularity after the end of World War II in connection with the activities of the World Peace Congress.
The dove is everywhere considered a bird that brings good. Officially, the dove was declared the bird of peace in 1949, after the war, at the World Peace Congress, because the dove was used as a postman who carried letters on his paws during the war. Since then, the dove has received the title of "bird of the world."
The emblem of this congress was drawn by Pablo Picasso. The emblem depicts a white dove carrying an olive branch in its beak. There is a tradition of releasing white doves as a symbol of peaceful intentions.
The choice of a dove as a symbol of peace seems somewhat strange, since doves are quite aggressive animals, often fighting over food or nesting sites. Even in ancient times, the dove was considered a symbol of fertility, and later peace. Because of the devotion to their offspring, the dove symbolized maternal feelings. Sometimes the dove was a sign of wisdom.
The dove was depicted on the scepters of some rulers, symbolizing the power sent to them by God.
Fertile, feeding on any seeds and insects, pigeons aroused the interest of a person as soon as he tried their meat. Unpretentious birds were bred for meat in ancient Egypt. Pigeons were easily tamed and attached to the house. Even flying away from the dovecote, they always came back. People began to use this feature of pigeons.
It is so arranged by the Creator that doves are very attached to their nest. If they are separated, they can starve for several days. Many pigeons return back to their homeland. And it's amazing how they find the way, because often they have to overcome the distance of hundreds of kilometers.
Taking the pigeon away, the man taught him to find his way to the house from an increasingly remote place. After such training, the bird, even taken hundreds of kilometers away, quickly returned back. The navigational abilities of pigeons help to correctly determine the direction to the house. When a pigeon flies to familiar places, it finds its way to the dovecote using the landmarks that it memorized during training flights.
Going on military campaigns or traveling, people took trained pigeons with them. When it was necessary to convey a message home, a note was tied around the neck or paw of the dove and the bird was released. The dove flew to its native land, and the recipient of the message could only check the mail regularly, looking into the dovecote. Pigeon mail originated, probably in ancient times, in Egypt and Mesopotamia.
Carrier pigeons are mentioned in many medieval historical chronicles.
In Russia, the first regular postal-pigeon communication was organized by Prince Golitsyn in 1854. And New Zealand is considered the birthplace of regular pigeon mail.
During the Second World War in the Soviet troops, pigeons - postmen delivered 15 thousand pigeon grams!
At the end of the Great Patriotic War, very few carrier pigeons were preserved in our country. An important role in the development and restoration of carrier pigeon breeding was played by the Ostankino nursery of carrier pigeons.
In 1870-1881, German troops laid siege to Paris. Then communication was carried out by carrier pigeons transported over the front line by balloons. During the siege, they delivered about a million private letters and official documents. For these merits, a monument to brave birds was erected in France. Julius Caesar actively used carrier pigeons during wars and sieges.
In our time, the pigeon service has lost its former significance. But it exists. For example, in the English city of Plymouth, carrier pigeons serve medicine. How to urgently deliver a blood sample from the clinic to the central laboratory, and even at rush hour, when it is impossible to drive through the streets due to traffic jams? The pigeon delivers a tube of blood from the hospital to the laboratory in minutes. Such speed in emergency cases saves people's lives.

1.4. Types of pigeons.

Over the long history of breeding, man has managed to breed a large number of varieties of pigeons. They are divided into four main groups: sports (postal), flight, decorative, meat. There are no particularly clear differences between them. At times, racing and decorative breeds are brought into one group because of the many common features.
Wild pigeons appeared on earth 35 million years ago. The ancestor of all modern pigeons was the rock dove, which still lives in Europe, North Africa and the Caucasus.
Pigeons are among the oldest domestic animals. The history of their domestication dates back thousands of years before our era. In the early Middle Ages, they spread throughout the world. Pigeons are called "citizens of the world" because, with the exception of the northern and southern polar circles, they live in all countries, on all continents.

Meat pigeons.
The first selection of pigeons had a meat direction. Today, pigeons are also eaten in many countries, so special breeds with improved gastronomic qualities are bred. It was here that various meat breeds of these birds were bred.

Flying or racing pigeons.
The special ability of pigeons to return to their usual places of residence was noticed - they began to be used as postal birds. Then the man became interested in the beauty of birds and the special ability to fly. This is how special flight breeds appeared. All of them have a special flight style. This group includes many types of pigeons, including decorative ones. Depending on the style and ability to fly, there are:
high-flying breeds - pigeons fly high into the sky, making several circles. Flying high into the sky, birds can linger there from 2 to more than 10 hours.
racing - rise into the sky, making an unusual circular flight. Their feature is the ability to make turns through the wing, as if tumbling.
fighting - such pigeons do not rise very high into the sky, but during the flight they tumble through the tail. They can do both horizontal and vertical somersaults "pillar". At the same time, during a somersault, they strongly hit their wings, creating special clicks.
rollers - birds that make a helical flight due to somersaults through the wing. It seems that the dove is spinning around its axis.
Sports, or carrier pigeons.
For the purpose of delivering letters, birds were used in ancient Rome and Greece. Then in the Middle Ages, carrier pigeons were kept by kings and nobles. At that time, this was the fastest and most accurate delivery of letters. Birds were used until the 20th century, and even during the Second World War, birds served people with their amazing ability. But even today, in peacetime technology, high communication and communication, pigeons do not remain without work. True, now they are simply called sports and compete in flight speed. The world center of this sport is Belgium. The ability to quickly overcome long distances and orientation in pigeons is innate and is inherited. That is why other breeds of birds do not have such a gift.
decorative doves
These birds differ from all other species in certain external ornaments, for example, crests, the length and shape of feathers, the presence of growths, etc. There are certain types of pigeons that have the coloration of other birds. Accordingly, they are called larks, gulls, storks, swallows, and even bullfinches. These breeds are bred solely for beauty.

2. Breeding pigeons

2.1. Dovecote device.
It became interesting to me, but how do domestic pigeons live? What conditions are required for their maintenance? From my uncle I learned the basic requirements for building a dovecote.
It should be large enough so that the pigeons are spacious in it, the sun's rays should freely penetrate through the windows, but at the same time there should be no drafts in the dovecote. Pigeons constantly need clean fresh air and a certain humidity in the room. The dovecote can be arranged in the attic, in the barn or in special rooms. The attic is the best place. It is always dry here, there is good ventilation. From the dovecote located in the attic, the birds immediately get to the roof, from where a good view opens. From such a dovecote, doves take off not from the ground, but already from a certain height.
The dovecote must be kept clean. It is undesirable to arrange it in strong sunshine, the room should not warm up much in the summer.
The temperature inside the dovecote should be: in winter - not lower than 5 - 7 degrees, and in summer - not higher than 20 degrees. The dovecote should have electricity. This is necessary in order to control the length of daylight hours, as well as the condition of the pigeons at any time.
Uncle's dovecote is spacious, there is enough space for each pigeon. The dovecote has perches and designated nesting areas.
In winter, the uncle settles doves and pigeons in different rooms, as he believes that winter chicks are weak and frail. But in the summer, these birds have four clutches of two eggs. Pigeons are diurnal. The manure is used in the garden to fertilize the soil. Pigeons love to swim and are very fond of sunbathing.
When I enter the dovecote, the birds greet me friendly, they fly from place to place, loudly flapping their wings. My uncle has about 100 pigeons. Most pigeons are racing breeds. Their coloration is the most varied. From white to black.
Chicks are born naked. Chicks are fed with special "pigeon milk" - semi-digested food that adult birds burp. To eat, the chick leans its beak against the corner of the father's or mother's nose and licks milk, which is more like sour cream.

2.2. Nutrition.
I consulted with my uncle, he helped to conduct research.
I learned that this bird is unpretentious in food and eats any crops that are offered to it. Feed them twice a day. We update the water every two days.

Organization and conduct of the experiment.
Purpose: to find out what kind of food pigeons prefer.
Equipment: various types of feed: sunflower seed, wheat, barley, millet, peas, corn, apple pieces, pumpkin seed.
Time: autumn holidays.
During the week, at the same time, the birds were offered different foods, which were given at the same time (in different piles). I recorded which of the feeds the bird eats first.
I entered the results of observations in the table.

Experiment results
№
Suggested feed
Food eaten first

1
sunflower seeds
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

2
wheat
+
+
+
+
+
+

3
barley
+
+
+
+

4
millet
+
+
+

5
peas
+
+
+

6
corn
+

7
Apple pieces (small)
+
+
+
+

8
pumpkin seed

+
+
+
+
+
+

2.3. Conclusions: most of all pigeons prefer sunflower seeds
in second place are wheat and pumpkin seeds;
in third place - barley and apple slices
in fourth place - millet, peas
pigeons remained indifferent to corn.

Based on my observations, I have developed recommendations for beginner pigeon breeders:
1. Before purchasing birds, weigh the pros and cons and consult local pigeon breeders.
2. Before planting, study the features of the dovecote device and purchase the necessary inventory and equipment.
3. Familiarize yourself with the diet for pigeons and prepare grain and mineral feed.
4. Birds should be purchased only from pigeon breeders or at exhibitions, with the help of experienced fanciers.
5. Love your pets. Study their behavior, constantly take care of them, and you will get a charge of good mood, vivacity and health.

3.Conclusions:

Pigeon breeding requires a lot of time and great affection for them.
The pigeon, one of the most revered birds in the world, based on the carrier pigeons carrying letters during the Great Patriotic War, is officially declared the bird of peace.
Attachment to pigeons in people arises because of their beauty, peculiar grace, cooing.
Observation, care, communication with pigeons has a charitable effect on a person, calms the nervous system, relieves stress, improves mood, and gives vitality.

4. Conclusion.

Summing up my work, I can conclude that the goal that I set has been achieved. Having studied the reference, popular science literature, I was able to learn a lot of interesting facts about the pigeon. The dove is often mentioned in ancient legends and traditions. The pigeon can reach speeds of up to 180 km per hour. It turns out that pigeons feed their chicks with milk.
In the course of observations, I managed to find out that caring for domestic pigeons is not an easy task. Only a person who truly loves these birds and is devoted to them can contain them.
From my uncle's stories, I realized that birds are very similar to people. The pigeon couple is very faithful to each other, they care for each other, take care.
If each of us knows the information about the pigeons that surround a person in everyday life, take care and protect them, then:
- we will treat not only the birds kinder and more attentively, but also to each other;
- there will be less evil on Earth, and our world will become more beautiful, more beautiful and more joyful.
Through research, I realized that people's attachment to pigeons arises from their beauty, a kind of grace, they have a beautiful
plumage, they are beautiful in flight, and how touchingly a dove cares for a dove!
Their cooing, similar to the conversation of close people, fascinates and serves as an example of a reverent attitude towards others.

4. Bibliography.

1. Encyclopedia "I know the world", Moscow, "AST Publishing House", 2001.
2. Great Children's Encyclopedia, Moscow, Children's Literature Publishing House, 2003.
3. Tatyana Plotnikova: “All about pigeons. Ripol classic, 2011
4. Internet - resources.

5.App.

Song of the white dove.

To whom did the White Dove bring the message:
- There will be joy after tears.

There will be happiness after troubles
Sorrows will disappear trace.

There will be bread for everyone
Abundant on earth.

There will be shelter for all the homeless
Warm, sunny ready.

Instead of dead zones - gardens,
Reservoirs and ponds,

Parks, groves and forests:
The whole earth is a blooming garden! -

Why will it be so?
That will dispel sorrow and darkness,

Stop war and death
Will renew the earthly firmament?

The White Dove brings peace!
Bold and swift is his flight;

Won't linger anywhere
He goes everywhere

Establishing peace everywhere
Calling everyone to a fraternal feast.

And for the world, after him,
Rise up to fight

Hundreds, thousands of fighters -
Mothers, children, fathers!

Anyone who loves honest work
Life, science, beauty,
To whom the will is dear
And the fate of people is close -

Everyone will follow the Dove
And the war will be swept away from the earth!

The world is the smile of all children,
The world is the joy of mothers,

The world is an abundance of all blessings,
A bold step into the future.

The world is the breath of Spring,
Whose steps are already heard,

The first ray in the dawn mist
New life on earth!

Spirina Natalia Dmitrievna

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Ministry of Education of the Republic of Bashkortostan Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 5 of the Municipal District Meleuzovsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan Research work Theme: “The pigeon is the bird of my city” Performed by Valishin Iskander student 4 “B” class leader Kalyanova Natalya Viktorovna Meleuz 2016. Contents 2 5 6 7 3 4 Introduction 1. General information about the pigeon. 2. Interesting facts about the pigeon. 3. City pigeons. 89 4. Conversation survey with a pigeon breeder. 5. Birdwatching. 6. Organization and conduct of the experiment. 7. Conclusion. 14 8. List of used literature. 9.App. 15 16 1112 10 13 3 Introduction. Pigeons and people. The dove is so familiar that sometimes we do not notice it. He, like other birds, has a beak, neck, head, torso, tail, wings, legs and body is covered with feathers. (Fig. 1) Figure 1. The appearance of a pigeon. Dove to man. Why? Probably from us he is waiting for warmth and attention. Maybe it's worth trying to try to be closer to making contact with this community, to take a step towards it. For this, I tried to find out more about the bird that I meet every day near my house, near school, at bus stops. Subject. The dove is the bird of my city. Target. Determine if pigeons need human attention. Tasks: To study: 1. What order of birds does it belong to? 2. How many species of pigeons exist in nature? 3.What is the life expectancy? 4. What is the flight speed of a pigeon? 5. How does he nurse his offspring? 6. Are there monuments dedicated to this bird? Explore: 1. In what places of our city does it live? 2. What does it eat? Hypothesis. I assume that pigeons need help and attention from a person. Research methods: reading books on the research topic; use of Internet materials; discussion with adults; conducting experiments; independent analysis of the results. 1. General information about the pigeon The DOVE is a semi-domestic and wild bird. (Ushakov Dictionary) According to rough estimates, there are more than 800 breeds of pigeons in the world, most of them are decorative. About 200 breeds are bred in our country, many of them exist only in Russia. Pigeons are conditionally divided into four groups: (Fig. 2) Types of pigeons Sports (postal) Figure 2. Classification of pigeons. Decorative Flying (racing) Meat Each of the breeds has its own style of flight. Some rise in circles to a great height and circle for several hours, others immediately go up and seem to stand in one place for hours. And there are those who tumble in flight over their heads, falling down, or, as lovers say, “knocking out a pole”, go up. No less popular among bird lovers are decorative pigeons. When breeding these breeds, great importance is attached to the beauty of plumage and original appearance. For example, peacock (trumpeted) pigeons attract attention. They got their name from the rich plumage of the tail. When caring for a dove, the male throws his tail over his back, spreading it like a fan. I also learned about how a wild pigeon cooes - a klintukh. In old parks, in the crowns of large deciduous trees, one can sometimes hear a low, unhurried, repeated sound “ububububub…” several times in a row. About another representative of the pigeon family - the common turtledove, I read that with her “turbling” she declares herself everywhere. Her voice is a soft and unhurried "turrturrturr ...", performed with a certain rhythm and emphasis many times in a row. 2. Interesting facts about the bird. 5 thousand years ago, domestic pigeons were already known in ancient Egypt. The dove is the hero of many ancient legends and ritual actions. According to legend, the god of war Mars did not fight because a dove made a nest in his battle helmet. The formidable warrior did not dare to destroy the bird's nest, and the war was prevented. From that moment on, the dove became a symbol of peace and friendship, and among the ancient Jews, love and morality. Pigeons are cruel. And if in dogs the winner licks the one who surrendered, then these meek birds can beat the vanquished to death with blows of their beaks. Well-trained carrier pigeons can reach speeds of up to 60-70 kilometers per hour. The height of their flight in bad weather is 100 150 meters, in good weather 300 350 meters. They withstand a sports distance of up to 500,600 kilometers. The radius of departure of pigeons from the dovecote in search of food reaches 40 kilometers. The resulting pigeon couples are strong and do not collapse in case of any family troubles (with the exception of the death of one of the spouses). This bird is flocking, that is, it keeps in groups, often of impressive size. In Paris, England, there are monuments to this bird ... It happened in 1942. The British submarine was damaged by fascist planes, and she was forced to sink to the bottom. Death seemed inevitable. Two pigeons lived on board the submarine. Notes were attached to the paws of the birds indicating the coordinates of the location of the boat, they were placed in a special capsule, which was thrown out through the torpedo tube. The dove died during the storm, but the dove managed to fly to the base. And help came. For this feat, the dove was awarded the highest military award of Great Britain and immortalized in the form of a bronze bird. However, this monument is a sign of gratitude and respect to all 200 thousand winged signalmen who "served" in the British army during the Second World War. "A flock of pigeons" was erected in honor of the 60th victory in the city of Angarsk. Monument 3. City pigeons They originated from wild gray pigeons crossed with pigeons of different breeds, from which they inherited a variety of colors. In the cities you can meet the rock pigeon. It is similar to the rock dove, but is well distinguished by a white stripe on the tail, noticeable during takeoff. This species is very trusting of humans. Birds settle in the attics and eaves of houses, rest on roofs and feed on what people throw, seeds of wild plants, due to lack of food, especially in winter, sometimes they peck at landfills for the remains of vegetables and fruits. In spring, the birds form pairs. Sometimes they arrange tournaments: they beat each other with wings and peck at an opponent. There are only two eggs in the clutch. (Fig. 3) Figure 3. Dove laying. Incubation lasts 17 days. At the same time, the female sits on the eggs from 16 pm to 10 am, then the male replaces her, and she goes to eat and rest. (Fig. 4) Figure 4. Caring parents. The chicks are born naked and blind. (Fig. 5) Figure 5. Pigeon chicks. Up to 10 days of age, parents feed them only "Bird's milk". At the age of 2530 days, pigeons are already quite independent. 4. An interview with an amateur pigeon breeder. How did you decide to start breeding pigeons? Since childhood. First they played with the boys. Gradually grew into something more. You could say it's a hobby. How and what do you feed? I feed every day in the morning. I will definitely change the water. The premises must be kept clean. I feed millet, wheat, seeds. What chickens eat, so do they. What breed of pigeons do you keep? Gaming. They are very beautiful in flight. Where do you get pigeons? We exchange with friends. They live in Orenburg, Kumertau, Magnitogorsk. I keep in touch with them. Pigeons themselves lay two eggs. They hatch for 21 days and chicks appear. And if they get sick, do you treat them? I buy medicine for them in the veterinary pharmacy. Or take me to the vet. Does anyone in the family enjoy pigeon breeding? The son was fond of, now he has stopped. Do they bring you profit? No. I keep them, how to say how people keep cats and dogs. How was the pigeon house built? It's not easy, took built. I have special permission for this. Thank you very much! It was very interesting! 5. Birdwatching. My further research went through the observation of birds in their natural environment. The purpose of the observation: to find out if there are pigeons in the city, in what places they live. Object of observation: pigeons. Equipment: neighborhood plan, pencil, notepad. To do this, I determined the observation route, which began from Tekhnicheskaya street 10. On the plan (Fig. 6), I marked the points where the birds met. At all control points - counted pigeons. Figure 6. Observation route. The results of the observation, issued in the form of table No. 1. No. Points Feature of the place Quantity Features of observation of the observed birds 1 2 3 4 5 6 St. Tekhnicheskaya Sewer manholes Lenin St. Stop Smolenskaya St. Stop Department store Kolkhozny market Trade area Lenina 150 Shop Magnet Glory Park Monument to soldiers of the Great Patriotic War 6 10 9 30 3 11 People fed A lot of people 2 sick birds People fed 3 birds with frostbite 1 bird with frostbite People feed TOTAL: 69 6 sick Table 1. The result of monitoring the distribution of birds within the city. Conclusion: the pigeon is found in places where it is warm (sewer manholes), at bus stops, near shops, in markets, therefore, where there are a lot of people. This means that birds need people, they expect help and attention from them. 6. Organization and conduct of the experiment. Purpose: to find out what kind of food pigeons prefer. Experimental object: pigeon. Place of experiment: Collective farm market. Equipment: various types of food: sunflower seed, pumpkin seed, white bread, rye bread, apple slices, orange slices. During the week, at the same time, the birds were offered different foods, which were given at the same time (in different piles). I fixed which of the feeds the bird eats first. I showed the result in the form of table No. 2. + + Pumpkin seed Food eaten first Proposed food product Sunflower seed No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Table 2. Results of the experiment to identify food preferences Apple slices (small) Rye bread (crumb ) White bread (crumb) Pieces of orange + + + + + + + + + + + + + dove. Conclusion: most of all, pigeons prefer sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds are in second place, bread is 3rd and 4th, but pigeons remained indifferent to fruits. 7. Conclusion. Studying reference, popular science literature, I was able to learn a lot of interesting facts about the pigeon. Through my observations in nature and experiment, I was able to establish that pigeons need attention from humans, especially in winter. This is not the end of my study of the pigeon. The next stage of my work is the development and production of a leaflet in which I will tell my classmates how to care for and care for a pigeon. 8. List of used literature. 1. B.E. Raikov, M.N. Rimsky Korsakov “Zoological Excursions” M.: “Topikal” 1994 2. Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Naturalist. M .: "Pedagogy - Press" 3. Birds of fields and forests. M .: Terra - Book Club. 1998 4. Songbirds. M .: Terra - Book Club. 1998

Nomination "Children's project in elementary school"

If you ask yourself what kind of birds we see on the streets of the city most often, the answer will be unambiguous - pigeons. Most of them are easy to tame and are not afraid of humans. But living with these birds literally side by side, we do not see pigeon chicks. In the flock, everyone is the same size, so what the chicks look like and what they do until they are fully grown is a mystery to many.

Problem question:Why on the streets of the city, where there are so many pigeons, we never meet their chicks?

Objective of the project: find out if pigeons have chicks, and if so, why we don’t see them.

Project objectives:

1. Conduct a survey (questionnaire) among adults and children.

2. Study the materials of the library and Internet resources.

3. Watch the pigeons.

4. Create a calendar "Unusual pigeons".

Hypothesis: I assumed that there are no small pigeons and they are born immediately as adults.

Object of study: pigeons.

Project participants: children, parents.

Implementation period: one year.

Research methods:study of literature;conducting a survey;own observations.

Project description

After conducting a sociological survey, I confirmed my assumptions. 80% of respondents have not seen pigeon chicks, 40% think they exist, but have never seen them, but everyone wants to know where they are hiding.

From additional literature, we found out that there are approximately 300 species of pigeons. These birds live in all parts of the world except for extremely cold areas, but most species live in tropical climates.

In Christianity, the dove symbolizes the holy spirit, purity, peace, baptism, good news. The Bible says that Noah sent a dove in search of dry land after the flood, which then brought an olive branch. Having become a symbol of peace, the dove is depicted as a monument in many cities of the world, it is installed in 33 cities.

Pigeons are heroes. With the word hero, we have an image of a brave man who saved many lives. Unfortunately, not many people know that our feathered friends, pigeons, were also heroes. In wartime, they carried out complex assignments and often risked their lives. The most famous bird was a dove named Commando. In 1945, the pigeon received a medal for his courage. And in 1946, the dove Soldier JOE was awarded for saving thousands of lives.

Conclusion: my hypothesis is not Confirmed, chicks exist! And there are explanations for the fact that we do not see them.

First, pigeons build their nests in places resembling caves and rocks. In nature, pigeons are inhabitants of mountains, rocks and steep banks. They settle in places inaccessible to those who like to taste game - cracks and caves, where they place nests, incubate eggs and feed chicks. City pigeons easily adapt in settlements, since buildings and structures remind them of natural conditions and allow them to settle in places inaccessible to humans and predators. In cities, they nest on rooftops, under window sills, under bridges.

Secondly, the chicks do not leave the nest for up to six weeks, until they grow up. At the age when the chicks fly out of the nest, they are absolute copies of their parents, but smaller. Another difference is that up to 8 months the plumage of chicks does not have a characteristic metallic sheen, as in adults. Teenage pigeons can be recognized by hyperactive behavior, pestering other pigeons (begging for food). Even adolescents can be found mostly near the nesting site.

Project "The Secret of the Pigeons Revealed"

Vera Rogova
Research work "The Life of Pigeons"

Problem:

I chose this topic because I am very interested in learning more about pigeons, about leaving

Hypothesis:

If I study additional literature, I will learn about breeds pigeons.

Target:

How can you find out more about pigeon life.

Participate in exhibitions

Watch video films

Watch out for pigeons

Learn about care and equipment

Give advice to friends on how to breed pigeons

Methods research:

Search for information when work with literary and Internet sources

Getting information from pigeon breeders

Generalization and conclusions.

Stages work

Theoretical:

study of sources of information

Practical:

observation

Exhibitions pigeon breeders

summary and conclusions

Relevance:

building dovecote

Equipment

Care pigeons

Feed pigeons

pigeons

reproduction pigeons

building dovecote:

Equipment.

AT dovecotes every dove must have its own seat and nest (for breeding chicks).

During the cold winter months pigeons in the dovecote a significant part of the day is spent on perches.

Boxes are cardboard.

Feeders.

Baths.

Frequent bathing promotes health and tidiness pigeon.

Especially in hot summer time for humidity so that eggs hatch.

bedding

Flooring in winter large sawdust.

The mat makes cleaning easy dovecote and is necessary for the period of mating and incubation.

You can put straw, hay and small twigs.

Inventory.

Care pigeons.

AT dovecote clean up the litter regularly.

Feeders, drinkers, nests and a bath for bathing once a month, washed, rinsed and dried.

We change the litter in the nests.

Feed pigeons.

fed pigeon mostly grain, barley, millet, seeds The water is clean and not cold.

Boxes with greens - with oats and barley.

In winter, it is necessary to provide green fodder.

Mineral additives - chalk.

pigeons

Someone will think it's just a hobby, but I can say that it's much more - it's a love for birds of amazing beauty, diversity of character.

You can watch them for hours - it's always a joy.

Pigeons live in pairs.

We have dovecote, so I often observe the behavior of these wonderful birds.

People brought out such breeds: flying - they rise high into the sky, it is interesting to watch them.

There are postal pigeons, they exist for many, many years, they have been known since ancient times.

They carry letters across the seas and oceans.

It's a breed pigeons are very hardy, sometimes they don’t eat for a whole week, but carry letters to their destination.

Dad has these breeds pigeons.

Baku residents are high-flying.

They have excellent flying qualities.

Among the Baku breeds pigeons there are bare-footed and with feathered legs, smooth-headed (no teeth) and with large forelocks from ear to ear.

breeds: "Povladar Reds"

"Turmans"

"Marble"

"Peacocks"

"Persians"-

reproduction pigeons.

(from spring to autumn)

pigeons multiply very quickly.

The dove lays one egg, the second day later.

The female and male take turns incubating the eggs.

Male during the day and female at night.

They incubate eggs for 18 days and feed the chicks together.

Pigeon pierces the shell with its beak and comes out of it.

The male then removes the shell.

The female and the male gorge themselves to feed pigeon.

They feed him: burp gruel into his beak.

After about a month, the baby flies off the nest, begins to peck at the grains and drink some water.

Soon chick "goes outside" and takes the first steps on the ground.

He pecks grains, sand, pebbles.

Somewhere in a month it starts to fly.

Behind pigeon very interesting to watch.

The life of flying pigeons interesting and captivating.

They rise up, sometimes above the clouds and fly until the evening.

findings:

1. From literature read with mom from dad's stories, pigeon breeders and videos I learned a lot about pigeons and their lives

2. I also learned about different breeds pigeons.

Learned. How to care for birds, about equipment, food,

breeding and what kind of feeding birds need.

3. Dad and I took part in the exhibition - pigeons with. Hasty. For which I received a Letter of Appreciation

Perhaps, pigeon- This is the first bird my dad introduced me to.

And even though these are not the most thoroughbred birds, they teach us goodness.

Anyway pigeons go through a person's life.

A symbol of peace- pigeon carrying a palm branch.

If we talk about work, then pigeons are great workers, because it was they who flew hundreds of kilometers with letters, which not every courier managed to do.

Hundreds and thousands of people at different times were fond of pigeon breeding from kings to simple peasants.

Dad instilled a love for these birds, I think that in our life there will always be an island of joy and happiness.

Thanks to my dad

Trofimenko Evgeny Viktorovich

To the educator Vera Nikolaevna Rogova.

Thank you for your attention!

Trofimenko Artem - 6 years old.